Y.‐J. Chang

A general low-cost method for ink-jet printing transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (see figure) is presented. The process uses metal halide precursors dissolved in acetonitrile, and this precursor solution is capable of forming a uniform and continuous metal halide thin film over a large area through both ink-jet printing and blanket-coating techniques.

Abstract The recent advance in soft solution processing of inorganic materials offers an exciting opportunity to develop large‐area manufacturing technologies for inorganic thin‐film transistors (TFTs). In this paper, we report our recent progress in fabricating CdS TFTs using chemical bath deposition (CBD) to deposit CdS channel layers. Device analysis of an enhancement‐mode CdS metal–insulator–semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) with a field‐effect mobility of ∼1.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and a threshold voltage of V T ∼ 14 V is reported here. An on‐to‐off ratio of ∼10 6 is achieved. This rather large drain current on‐to‐off ratio indicates that this device will function well as a switch. An examination of the CdS film morphology by scanning electron microscopy indicates that the films deposited by CBD and used for our current device fabrication are dominated by a particle sticking growth mechanism. This is supported by a real‐time quartz crystal microbalance growth curve and atomic force microscopy characterizations of the particles formed in the CBD solution. A different bath condition for CBD was tested to obtain a dense CdS layer. A selected‐area electron diffraction pattern indicates that the CdS thin film deposited by CBD has a hexagonal structure with an optical bandgap of 2.4 eV as determined by UV–Vis absorption. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To evaluate the effects of extrusion process on the trans fatty acids (TFAs) formation in soybean crude oils, three different extrusion parameters, namely, extrusion temperature (80-160 °C), feed moisture (10-26%), and screw speed (100-500 rpm), were carried out. It was found that only five different types of TFAs were detected out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Before the extrusion started, the initial amount of total TFAs was 3.04 g/100 g. However, after extruding under every level of any variable, the total amounts of TFAs were significantly higher than those in the control sample (P < 0.05). For example, taking the effect of extrusion temperature into account, we can find that the highest amount of total of trans fatty acid (TTFA) was 1.62 times the amount of that in the control sample, whereas the lowest amount of TTFA was 1.54 times the amount of that in the control sample. Importantly, it was observed that the amounts of every type of trans fatty acid were not continuously increasing with the increase of the level of any extrusion variable. This phenomenon demonstrated that the formation and diversification were intricate during extruding process and need to be further studied.