mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Rishi R. Goel(University of Pennsylvania), Mark M. Painter(University of Pennsylvania), Sokratis A. Apostolidis(University of Pennsylvania), Divij Mathew(University of Pennsylvania), Wenzhao Meng(University of Pennsylvania), Aaron M. Rosenfeld(University of Pennsylvania), Kendall A. Lundgreen(University of Pennsylvania), Arnold Reynaldi(UNSW Sydney), David S. Khoury(UNSW Sydney), Ajinkya Pattekar(University of Pennsylvania), Sigrid Gouma(University of Pennsylvania), Leticia Kuri-Cervantes(University of Pennsylvania), Philip Hicks(University of Pennsylvania), Sarah Dysinger(University of Pennsylvania), Amanda Hicks(University of Pennsylvania), Harsh Sharma(University of Pennsylvania), Sarah Herring(University of Pennsylvania), Scott W. Korte(University of Pennsylvania), Amy E. Baxter(University of Pennsylvania), Derek A. Oldridge(University of Pennsylvania), Josephine R. Giles(Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy), Madison E. Weirick(University of Pennsylvania), Christopher M. McAllister(University of Pennsylvania), Moses Awofolaju(University of Pennsylvania), Nicole Tanenbaum(University of Pennsylvania), Elizabeth M. Drapeau(University of Pennsylvania), Jeanette Dougherty(University of Pennsylvania), Sherea Long(University of Pennsylvania), Kurt D’Andrea(University of Pennsylvania), Jacob T. Hamilton(University of Pennsylvania), M. A. McLaughlin(University of Pennsylvania), Justine C. Williams(University of Pennsylvania), Sharon Adamski(University of Pennsylvania), Oliva Kuthuru(University of Pennsylvania), The UPenn COVID Processing Unit‡(University of Pennsylvania), Ian Frank(University of Pennsylvania), Michael R. Betts(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Laura A. Vella(La Jolla Institute for Immunology), Alba Grifoni(La Jolla Institute for Immunology), Daniela Weiskopf(La Jolla Institute for Immunology), Alessandro Sette(La Jolla Institute for Immunology), Scott E. Hensley(UNSW Sydney), Miles P. Davenport(UNSW Sydney), Paul Bates(University of Pennsylvania), Eline T. Luning Prak(University of Pennsylvania), Allison R. Greenplate(Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy), E. John Wherry(Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy)
Science
October 15, 2021
10.1126/science.abm0829
Cited by 929Open Access
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Abstract

Immune memory after vaccination Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven highly effective at preventing severe COVID-19. However, the evolution of viral variants, and waning antibody levels over time, raise questions regarding the longevity of vaccine-induced immune protection. Goel et al . examined B and T lymphocyte responses in individuals who received SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccines. They performed a 6-month longitudinal study of individuals who never had SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with people who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2. Humoral and cellular immune memory was observed in vaccinated individuals, as were functional immune responses against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) viral variants. Analysis of T cell activity suggested that robust cellular immune memory may prevent hospitalization by limiting the development of severe disease. —PNK

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