Val Moghadam

Chapter 1 1 Globalization and Resistance: An Introduction Part 2 I Theories of Globalization and Social Movement Mobilization Chapter 3 2 Explaining Crossnational Similarities Among Social Movements Chapter 4 3 Transnational Structures and Protest: Linking Theories and Assessing Evidence Part 5 II Transnational Mobilization and National Politics Chapter 6 4 Irish Transnational Social Movements, Migrants, and the State System Chapter 7 5 Conservation TSMOs: Shaping the Protected Area Systems of Less Developed Countries Part 8 III Transnational Diffusion and Framing Processes Chapter 9 6 Transnational Diffusion and the African American Reinvention of the Ghandian Repertoire Chapter 10 7 From Local to Global: The Anti-Dam Movement in Southern Brazil, 1979-1992 Chapter 11 8 Creating Transnational Solidarity: The Use of Narrative in the U. S.- Central America Peace Movement Part 12 IV Transnational Networks Chapter 13 9 Elite Alliances and Transnational Environmental Movement Organizations Chapter 14 10 Building Networks from the Outside In: Japanese NGOs and the Kyoto Climate Change Conference Part 15 V Protest and the Global Trade Regime Chapter 16 11 Transnational Political Processes and Contention Against the Global Economy Chapter 17 12 Globalizing Resistance: The Battle of Seattle and the Future of Social Movements Part 18 Conclusion Chapter 19 13 From Lumping to Spiltting: Specifying Globalization and Resistance

This paper casts a gender perspective on globalization to illuminate the contradictory effects on women workers and on women's activism. The scope of the paper is global. The sources of data are UN publications, country-based data and newsletters from women's organizations as well as the author's fieldwork. The paper begins by examining the various dimensions of globalization-economic, political and cultural, with a focus on their contradictory social-gender effects. These include inequalities in the global economy and the continued hegemony of the core, the feminization of labor, the withering away of the developmentalist/welfarist state, the rise of identity politics and other forms of particularism, the spread of concepts of human rights and women's rights, and the proliferation of women's organizations and transnational feminist networks. I argue that, although globalization has had dire economic effects, the process has created a new constituency-working women and organizing women who may herald a potent anti-systemic movement. World-systems theory, social movement theory, and development studies should take account of female labor and of oppositional transnational feminist networks.

This paper is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Islamic ideology and female employment in Iran today. I examine the Islamic regime's ideology regarding women's roles (as well as the inconsistencies within it) and contrast it with women's employment patterns. I also compare the employment patterns today with those before the Revolution. The paper shows that much of the initial rhetoric discouraging female employment and attempting to impose an ideology of domesticity has not been successful. Although labor participation rates have declined for women, they have declined even more for men. The female share of the urban labor force has not altered, and government employment for women is actually higher today than it was before the Revolution. This paper suggests a discrepancy between ideological prescriptions and economic imperatives.