M. Clamp

Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome.

UNLABELLED: An interactive protein secondary structure prediction Internet server is presented. The server allows a single sequence or multiple alignment to be submitted, and returns predictions from six secondary structure prediction algorithms that exploit evolutionary information from multiple sequences. A consensus prediction is also returned which improves the average Q3 accuracy of prediction by 1% to 72.9%. The server simplifies the use of current prediction algorithms and allows conservation patterns important to structure and function to be identified. AVAILABILITY: http://barton.ebi.ac.uk/servers/jpred.h tml CONTACT: geoff@ebi.ac.uk

The Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) database project provides a bioinformatics framework to organise biology around the sequences of large genomes. It is a comprehensive source of stable automatic annotation of human, mouse and other genome sequences, available as either an interactive web site or as flat files. Ensembl also integrates manually annotated gene structures from external sources where available. As well as being one of the leading sources of genome annotation, Ensembl is an open source software engineering project to develop a portable system able to handle very large genomes and associated requirements. These range from sequence analysis to data storage and visualisation and installations exist around the world in both companies and at academic sites. With both human and mouse genome sequences available and more vertebrate sequences to follow, many of the recent developments in Ensembl have focusing on developing automatic comparative genome analysis and visualisation.

Abstract Background Instances of self‐harm by young people are rising and are an increasing challenge for healthcare and mental health services. Young people's negative experiences of accessing help and support when they self‐harm are a contributing factor to them not seeking help in future episodes. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 young people aged 17–20 years old who had received therapy relating to self‐harm from a National Health Service (NHS) Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in the East of England. The data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis. Findings and Discussion This study provides a new understanding of how a greater sense of feeling in control over their lives is a common goal for therapy for young people who self‐harm. This investigation also shows that gaining understanding or reclaiming a sense of being in control results in the young person experiencing the therapy in a positive light and assessing it as successful. The results also show that an increased sense of being in control is sometimes overlooked and a missing aspect of therapy with young people who self‐harm.