Miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage: a preliminary report.The problems related to anchorage for orthodontic tooth movements in patients with deficient dentition are discussed, and various solutions suggested in the literature, including "onplants," implants, and zygoma wires, are evaluated. A miniscrew is presented as alternative anchorage, and possible locations for placement are discussed, based on studies of bone quality in dry skulls. Application of the miniscrew as anchorage for various types of tooth movement is demonstrated. Miniscrews are easily placed and removed and can be loaded immediately following insertion. However, stability is limited after loading with torsion.
Periodontal condition and recurrence of periodontitis associated with alcohol consumption in periodontal maintenance therapyBackground: This study followed individuals in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 6 years and longitudinally evaluated the effects of the frequency of alcohol consumption on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP). Material and Methods: From a 6-year follow-up cohort study with 268 individuals under PMT, 142 patients who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be eligible. Based on their alcohol consumption, participants were categorized into 3 groups: none or occasional alcohol use (NA; n=88), moderate alcohol use (MA; n=26) and intense alcohol use (IA; n=24). Complete periodontal examination and alcohol consumption were evaluated at 2 times, T1 (after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (6 years). Results: The frequencies of RP in the NA, MA and IA groups were 46.5%, 57.6%, and 79.1%, respectively. The following variables were significantly associated with RP in final multivariate logistic regression model: age >50 years old (OR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.42-2.91; p=0.002), current smoking (OR = 2.42; 95%CI 1.33-4.31; p=0.001), and intensive alcohol use (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.37-2.64; p=0.024). Interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking showed a high OR estimate of 3.15 (95%CI 1.29-6.32) for RP. Conclusions: IA individuals undergoing PMT presented worse periodontal condition, higher rates of RP and tooth loss when compared to NA individuals. Additionally, the interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking significantly increased the risk for RP.
Fused teeth in the primary dentition: clinical case reportABSTRACT Fused teeth are a developmental anomaly involving the union of two dental germs at the crown, root or pulp. This type of anomaly occurs during intraosseous development, resulting in a morphologically irregular tooth that can affect both the primary and permanent dentition. Clinical problems involving esthetics, a lack of space and greater susceptibility to caries are often associated with fused teeth. This type of anomaly is easily confused with dental twinning, which has similar clinical features but emerges from a single dental germ. The aim of the present study was to report a clinical case of the fusion of two deciduous mandibular incisors, describe prospects for treating this anomaly and discuss its repercussions during the development of the dentition. Extraction of the fused tooth was performed and orthodontic treatment was recommended for esthetic and functional improvements. Integrated planning involving both Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics provided a better treatment option.
Rheumatoid arthritis associated with the occurrence, severity and extension of periodontitis: A case-control studyBackground: Emerging evidence pointed to a potential association between periodontitis (PE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), based on shared characteristics and similarities in risk factors, immunogenetics and pathways of tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association between RA and PE, as well as the influence of risk variables in this association. Material and Methods: The present case-control study comprised 471 individuals (157 cases with RA and 314 controls) that underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination. The association between risk variables and the occurrence of AR and PE were evaluated through univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Results: Higher frequency (p<0.001), severity (p=0.006) and extension (p=0.018) of PE was observed among the cases when compared to controls. Variables retained in the final multivariate models for the occurrence of PE were: lower number of teeth, smoking, no use of dental floss, 4 daily toothbrushing and RA; for the occurrence of RA were: higher age, female gender, smoking, alcohol use and PE. It is important to stress that RA (OR=2.53; 95%CI 1.24-3.86; p<0.001) was retained in the model for PE, and PE (OR=3.12; p<0.001) was retained in the model for RA. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a high frequency of PE among individuals with RA and an important association among the occurrence, severity and extension of PE and RA and smoking.
FATORES QUE INTERFEREM NO CONSUMO DA SILAGEMA qualidade das plantas forrageiras influencia diretamente o consumo dos animais de produção. No caso das forragens conservadas, a silagem, quando bem elaborada, pode minimizar perdas, garantir volumoso de alta qualidade e reduzir custos na propriedade, além de acelerar o ganho de peso e diminuir o tempo de confinamento. Mesmo que o processo de ensilagem esteja sendo estudado há décadas, fazem-se necessárias atualizações nas pesquisas, buscando reduzir perdas e potencializar esse processo. A interação entre os efeitos positivos e negativos determinará o nível de consumo alcançado pelo animal. O conteúdo de etanol, associado a outros compostos orgânicos, e o teor de umidade presente nas silagens têm grande influência sobre a ingestão dos animais. Os valores de pH determinam a acidez do material ensilado, tornando-se, assim, uma forragem conservada via fermentação. O tamanho das partículas da forragem, no momento da ensilagem, é um fator crítico para garantir a adequada conservação do material. No processo de fermentação da silagem, é comum ocorrerem transformações nos compostos nitrogenados presentes na forragem. Durante esse mesmo processo, alguns ácidos orgânicos são produzidos, o principal é o ácido lático. A ensilagem, quando conduzida de forma adequada, resulta em um volumoso de elevada qualidade nutricional, essencial na dieta de ruminantes. A correta condução de todas as etapas desse processo é determinante para uma fermentação lática eficiente. Tais características minimizam perdas fermentativas e melhoram a aceitabilidade e ingestão voluntária pelos animais, otimizando o desempenho zootécnico do rebanho.