Ze‐Kun Tao

Yeast extract is a product prepared mainly from waste brewer's yeast, which is rich in nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, sugars and a variety of trace elements, and has the advantages of low production cost and abundant supply of raw material. Consequently, yeast extracts are widely used in various fields as animal feed additives, food flavoring agents and additives, cosmetic supplements, and microbial fermentation media; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. To improve understanding of current research knowledge, this review summarizes the ingredients, production technology, and applications of yeast extracts, and discusses the relationship between their properties and applications. Developmental trends and future prospects of yeast extract are also previewed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development and expansion of future applications.

A new visible light-mediated photocatalytic decarboxylative oxyphosphorylation of cinnamic acids with diarylphosphine oxides is described. This reaction is performed under mild conditions to afford the corresponding β-ketophosphine oxides.

Converting biomass into high value-added compounds has attracted great attention for solving fossil fuel consumption and global warming. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been considered as a versatile biomass-derived building block that can be used to synthesize a variety of sustainable fuels and chemicals. Among these derivatives, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a desirable alternative to petroleum-derived terephthalic acid for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters. Herein, to fully understand the current development of the catalytic conversion of biomass to FDCA, a comprehensive review of the catalytic conversion of cellulose biomass to HMF and the oxidation of HMF to FDCA is presented. Moreover, future research directions and general trends of using biomass for FDCA production are also proposed.

Abstract A mild and selective radical nitration/nitrosation of indoles with NaNO 2 using K 2 S 2 O 8 as oxidant is developed. Free (NH)‐indoles and N‐methyl indoles furnished 3‐nitro‐ and 3‐nitrosoindoles respectively, in good yields. Contrary to existing protocols, pyrrole selectively afforded 3‐nitropyrrole. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeded via an initial formation of nitroso/oxime intermediate, which is further oxidized to the corresponding 3‐nitroindole depending on the substitution on the indole N‐atom. Furthermore, synthetic transformations were carried out on the synthesized products towards accessing other valuable compounds. magnified image

A CuI-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkyl- and phosphorus-centered radicals for C(sp3)–P bond formation is introduced. Diacyl peroxides, generated in situ from aliphatic acids and H2O2, serve as a source for alkyl radicals and also an initiator for the generation of phosphorus radicals from H–P(O) compounds.