Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Simon I Hay(University of Washington), Kanyin Liane Ong(University of Washington), Damian Santomauro(The University of Queensland), A Bhoomadevi(Amity University), Mohammad Amin Aalipour(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Hasan Aalruz(Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan), Hazim Ababneh(Massachusetts General Hospital), Ukachukwu Okoroafor Abaraogu(University of Nigeria), Biruk Beletew Abate(Curtin University), Cristiana Abbafati(Sapienza University of Rome), Nasir Abbas, Mitra Abbasifard(Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences), Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Samar Abd ElHafeez(Alexandria University), Ashraf N. Abdalla(Umm al-Qura University), Mohammed Abdalla(University of Hull), Emad M. Abdallah(Qassim University), Barkhad Aden Abdeeq(Save the Children), Nadin M I Abdel Razeq(University of Jordan), Ahmed A. Abdelgalil(King Saud University), Reda Abdel‐Hameed(Al-Azhar University), Michael Abdelmasseh(Marshall University), Mahmoud Abdelnabi(WinnMed), Wael M. Abdel‐Rahman(University of Sharjah), Sherief Abd‐Elsalam(Tanta University Hospital), Sepideh Abdi(Stanford University), Mohammad Abdollahı(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Meriem Abdoun(University Ferhat Abbas of Setif), Arman Abdous(Islamic Azad University, Karaj), Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz(American University of Iraq Sulaimani), Deldar Morad Abdulah(University of Duhok), Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader(Indian Council of Medical Research), Adam Abdullahi(Harvard Global Health Institute), Auwal Abdullahi(Harvard Global Health Institute), Toufik Abdul‐Rahman(National Medical Association), Kulmira Abdykerimova(Kazakh National Medical University), Habtamu Abebe(University of Gondar), Aidin Abedi(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Armita Abedi(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Asrat Agalu Abejew(Bahir Dar University), Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga(Institute for the Languages of Finland), E S Abhilash, Shehab Uddin Al Abid(University of Oxford), Syed Hani Abidi(Nazarbayev University), Alemwork Abie(Bahir Dar University), Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun(Babcock University), Olumide Abiodun(Babcock University), Richard Gyan Aboagye(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Shady Abohashem(Harvard University), Hassan Abolhassani(Karolinska Institutet), Ulric Sena Abonie(Northumbria University), Nagah M Abourashed(Benha University), Mohamed Abouzid(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Dmitry Abramov(Loma Linda University Medical Center), Lucas Guimarães Abreu(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Dariush Abtahi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Rana Abu Farha(Applied Science Private University), Fuad H. Abuadas(Jouf University), Aminu Kende Abubakar(St. Luke's International University), Bilyaminu Abubakar(Nigerian Institute of Medical Research), Eman Abu-Gharbieh(University of Jordan), Sawsan Abuhammad(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa(University of Sharjah), Hana J Abukhadijah(Hamad Medical Corporation), Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh(Qatar University), Salahdein Aburuz(University of Jordan), Dina Abushanab(Hamad Medical Corporation), Raghu Ram Achar(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Anirudh B. Acharya(University of Sharjah), Apurba Acharya(University of Sharjah), Ilana N. Ackerman(Monash University), Juan Acuña(Florida International University), Ousman Adal(Bahir Dar University), Lisa C. Adams(Palo Alto University), Lawan Hassan Adamu(Federal University Dutse), Mesafint Molla Adane(Bahir Dar University), Zenaw Debasu Addisu(Bahir Dar University), Isaac Yeboah Addo(The University of Sydney), Oluwafemi Adeagbo(University of South Carolina), Tajudeen Adewumi Adebisi(University of Sharjah), Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji(Olabisi Onabanjo University), David Adedia(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Kamoru A. Adedokun(Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center), Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin(Obafemi Awolowo University), Oluwatobi E Adegbile(East Tennessee State University), Oyelola A. Adegboye(Charles Darwin University), Nurudeen A. Adegoke(The University of Sydney), Olumide Thomas Adeleke(Bowen University), Isaac Ayodeji Adesina(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Miracle Ayomikun Adesina(University of Ibadan), Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi(University of Ibadan), Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa(University of Ibadan), Olorunsola Adeyomoye(University of Medical Sciences, Ondo), Kishor Adhikari(Tribhuvan University), Ripon Kumar Adhikary(Australian National University), Usha Adiga(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Mohammad Adnan(University of Ha'il), Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani(Padjadjaran University), Prince Owusu Adoma(University of Education, Winneba), Leticia Akua Adzigbli(University of Health and Allied Sciences), David Adzrago(National Institutes of Health), Giuseppina Affinito(Federico II University Hospital), Ahmed Afifi(University of Toledo), Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Afolabi(University of Ibadan), Saira Afzal(King Edward Medical University), Gizachew Beykaso Agafari(Wachemo University), Suneth Agampodi(International Vaccine Institute), Temesgen Anjulo Ageru(Wolaita Sodo University), Navidha Aggarwal(Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana), Mahdi Aghaalikhani(Boston Children's Hospital), Sepehr Aghajanian(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), César Agostinis Sobrinho(Klaipėda University), Anurag Agrawal(Ashoka University), Williams Agyemang‐Duah(Queen's University), Mahsa Ahadi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Bright Opoku Ahinkorah(University of Technology Sydney), Aqeel Ahmad(Shaqra University), Danish Ahmad(Australian National University), Faisal Ahmad(World Health Organization - Pakistan), Khabir Ahmad(Qassim University), Khurshid Ahmad(Qassim University), Muayyad Ahmad(University of Jordan), Noah Ahmad(University of Washington), Rabbiya Ahmad(Universiti Sains Malaysia), Sajjad Ahmad(Abasyn University), Tauseef Ahmad(Dow University of Health Sciences), Waqas Ahmad(University of Cincinnati Medical Center), Negar Sadat Ahmadi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mohadese Ahmadzade(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Abdelaala Ahmed(Uppsala University), Anisuddin Ahmed(Uppsala University), Ayman Ahmed(Uppsala University), Gasha Salih Ahmed(University of Human Development), Haroon Ahmed(COMSATS University Islamabad), Junaid Ahmed(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Luai A. Ahmed(United Arab Emirates University), Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed(Jimma University), Meqdad Saleh Ahmed(Jimma University), Muktar Beshir Ahmed(Jimma University), Mushood Ahmed(Jimma University), Oli Ahmed(University of Chittagong), Shabbir Ahmed(Debre Berhan University), Sindew Mahmud Ahmed(Debre Berhan University), Gulzhanat Aimagambetova(Astana Medical University), Ahmed AJ Jabbar(Sulaimani Polytechnic University), Dolapo Emmanuel Ajala(Bowen University), Marjan Ajami(National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute), Azeezat Ajose(University of Oxford), Hossein Akbarialiabad(Sutherland Hospital), Saeid Akbarifard(Graduate University of Advanced Technology), Oluwasefunmi Akeju(University of Oxford), Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe(Ladoke Akintola University of Technology), O. A. Akinkuotu(Texas Tech University), Karolina Akinosoglou(University of Patras), Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif(Fudan University), Sreelatha Akkala(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Wọlé Akóṣílè(The University of Queensland), Hammad Akram(Baylor Scott & White Health), Ashley E Akrami(Northwestern University), Ralph Kwame Akyea(University of Nottingham), Alaa Al Amiry(Ajman University), Salah Al Awaidy(Middle East College), Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan(Washington University in St. Louis), Omar Al Omari(Sultan Qaboos University), Mohammad Al Qadire(Al al-Bayt University), Omar Al Ta’ani(Allegheny Health Network), Wasan A M Al Taie(Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University), Yazan Al Thaher(Philadelphia University), Omar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi(Sultan Qaboos University), Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Mousa A. Al‐Abbadi(University of Jordan), Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni(Montefiore Medical Center), Tariq A. Alalwan(University of Bahrain), Ziyad Al‐Aly(United States Department of Veterans Affairs), Khurshid Alam(Murdoch University), Manjurul Alam(George Mason University), Mohammad Khursheed Alam(George Mason University), Mostafa Alam(George Mason University), Rasmieh Al‐Amer(Western Sydney University), Abebaw Alamrew(Woldia University), Amani N. Alansari(Hamad Medical Corporation), Turki M Alanzi(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal(University of Science and Technology), Rahmeh Al-Asmar(University of Jordan), Seyed Mohammad Amin Alavi(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Mohammed ALBashtawy(Al al-Bayt University), Astefanos Al-Dalakta(Cleveland Clinic), Khalifah A Aldawsari(King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre), Wafa Ali Aldhaleei(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Mohammed S. Aldossary(Ministry of Health), Robert W Aldridge(University of Washington), Raouf Alebshehy(University of Bath), Shereen M. Aleidi(University of Jordan), Bezawit Abeje Alemayehu(Bahir Dar University), Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu(Bahir Dar University), Fentahun Alemnew(Bahir Dar University), Melaku Birhanu Alemu(Curtin University), Ayman Al‐Eyadhy(King Saud University), Ali M Alfalki(University of South Carolina), Fahad D. Algahtani(University of Ha'il), Abdelazeem M. Algammal(Suez Canal University), Mohammed Ridha Algethami(University of Jeddah), Adel Al‐Gheethi(University of Newcastle Australia), Khairat Al-Habbal(Khalifa University of Science and Technology), Khalid F. AlHabib(King Saud University), Nma Bida Alhaji(Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition), Samar Al‐Hajj(BC Children's Hospital), Fadwa Alhalaiqa(Qatar University), Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi(King Abdulaziz University), Aminu A. Ibrahim(University of Charleston), Ashraf Alhumaidi(Sana'a University), Fahad A. Alhumaydhi(Qassim University), Dari Alhuwail(Kuwait University), Abid Ali(Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan), Haroon Muhammad Ali(University of Malakand), Irfan Ali(Aligarh Muslim University), Maratab Ali(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Mohammad Daud Ali(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Mohammed Usman Ali(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Rafat Ali(Jamia Millia Islamia), Shahid Ali(Johns Hopkins University), Syed Shujait Ali(Johns Hopkins University), Syed Yusuf Ali(Johns Hopkins University), Waad Ali(Sultan Qaboos University), Akram Al‐Ibraheem(University of Jordan), Gianfranco Alicandro(University of Milan), Montaha Al‐Iede(University of Jordan), Sheikh Mohammad Alif(Federation University), M J Gol Alipour(Universität Hamburg), Samah W. Al‐Jabi(An-Najah National University), Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir(Qassim University), Mohamad Aljofan(Nazarbayev University), Adel Al-Jumaily(Université de Bretagne Occidentale), Syed Mohamed Aljunid(Universiti Tun Abdul Razak), Ahmad Alkhatib(Birmingham City University), Mayson H Alkhatib(University of Nizwa), Mustafa Alkhawam(University of Alabama at Birmingham), Atefeh Allahbakhshian(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Khaled S. Allemailem(Qassim University), Mohammed Z. Allouh(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Wesam Taher Almagharbeh(University of Tabuk), Wael Almahmeed(Khalifa University of Science and Technology), Sabah Al-Marwani, Nihad A. Almasri(Qatar University), Joseph Uy Almazan(Nazarbayev University), Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi(Sana'a University), Omar Almidani(Emirates Foundation), Amr Almobayed(University of Miami), Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh(University of Tabuk), Hasan Y. Alniss(University of Sharjah), Margret Beaula Alocious Sukumar(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Mahmoud A. Alomari(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Mohammad R. Alosta(Zarqa University), Jaber S. Alqahtani(Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences), Saleh A. Alqahtani(Cornell University), Mohammad R Alqudimat(American University of the Middle East), Ahmad R. Al‐Qudimat(Hamad Medical Corporation), Ahmad Alrawashdeh(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Intima Alrimawi(Georgetown University), Sahel Majed Alrousan(Ministry of Finance), Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah(Kuwait University), Mohammed Alsabri(Sana'a University), Najim Z. Alshahrani(University of Jeddah), Mansour Abdullah Alshehri(Umm al-Qura University), Zaid Altaany(University of Sharjah), Awais Altaf(University of Lahore), Ala’a B. Al‐Tammemi(Applied Science Private University), Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq(Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization), Malik A Althobiani(King Abdulaziz University), Khalid A Altirkawi(University of Sharjah), Javier Álvarez‐Gálvez(Universidad de Cádiz), Vera Lúcia Alves Carneiro(University of Minho), Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán(University of Cartagena), Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk(University of the Coast), Hassan Alwafi(Umm al-Qura University), Mohammad Al‐Wardat(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi(Sana'a University), Hany Aly(Cleveland Clinic), Mohammad S. Alyahya(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Amal AlZahmi(Emirates Foundation), Hosam Alzahrani(Taif University), Karem H. Alzoubi(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Md. Akib Al‐Zubayer(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Uchenna Anderson Amaechi(Gavi), Ekiyor Joseph Amafah(University of London), Joy Amafah(Global Health Council), Melika Haji Mohammadi(Tarbiat Modares University), Reza Amani‐Beni(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), A. Kofi Amegah(University of Cape Coast), Faten Amer(An-Najah National University), Bardia Amidi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Amr Amin(University of Sharjah), Tarek Tawfik Amin(Cairo University), Alireza Amindarolzarbi(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Saeed Amini(Imam Khomeini Hospital), Ehsan Amini‐Salehi(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Nafiu Aminu(University of Botswana), Majid Aminzare(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Sohrab Amiri(Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences), Joanne O Amlag(University of Washington), Dickson A Amugsi(African Population and Health Research Center), Jimoh Amzat(University of Johannesburg), Filippos Anagnostakis(Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale), Roshan A. Ananda(Eastern Health), Robert Ancuceanu(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Deanna Anderlini(The University of Queensland), David Anderson(The University of Sydney), Jason A Anderson(University of Washington), Sofia Androudi(University of Thessaly), Susan C. Anenberg(George Washington University), Song Peng Ang(University of Arizona), Colin Angus(University of Sheffield), Nguyen Hoang Anh(Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Samuel Egyakwa Ankomah(University of Cape Coast), Kabilan Annadurai(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Amir Anoushiravani(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Iman Ansari(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Sumbul Ansari(Galgotias University), Umair Ansari(Emirates Foundation), Rahel Mulatie Anteneh(Debre Tabor University), Josep M. Antó(Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Catherine M Antony(University of Washington), Ernoiz Antriyandarti(Sebelas Maret University), Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa(University of Medical Sciences, Ondo), Saleha Anwar(Universitas Gadjah Mada), Sumadi Lukman Anwar(Universitas Gadjah Mada), Razique Anwer(Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University), Shahnawaz Anwer(Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor(Charles Sturt University), Geminn Louis Carace Apostol(Department of Health), Juan Pablo Arab(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Hossein Arabi(University of Geneva), Jalal Arabloo(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mosab Arafat(Al Ain University), Aleksandr Y. Aravkin(University of Washington), Demelash Areda(Arizona State University), Jorge Arias de la Torre(King's College London), Hany Ariffin(University Malaya Medical Centre), Benedetta Armocida(Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Johan Ärnlöv(Dalarna University), Jesu Arockiaraj(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Mahwish Arooj(University of Lahore), Anton A Artamonov(Institute of Biomedical Problems), Kurnia Dwi Artanti(Airlangga University), Raphael Taiwo Aruleba(Wake Forest University), Deepavalli Arumuganainar(Saveetha University), Nurila Aryntayeva(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Mahsa Asadi Anar(University of Arizona), Muhammad Asaduzzaman(University of Oslo), Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq(Alfaisal University), Shewatatek Melaku Asefa(Bahir Dar University), Mulu Tiruneh Asemu(Debre Tabor University), Saeed Asgary(Ministry of Health and Medical Education), Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi(Cabrini Hospital), Charlie Ashbaugh(University of Washington), Syed Amir Ashraf(University of Ha'il), Tahira Ashraf(Pakistan Health Research Council), Mitra Ashrafi(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Milad Ashrafizadeh(Shandong University), Bernard Yeboah‐Asiamah Asare(Deakin University), Muhammad Shahzad Aslam(Xiamen University Malaysia), Saeed Aslani(Monash University), Yuni Asri(Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang), Batyrbek Assembekov(Kazakh National Medical University), Thomas Astell‐Burt(The University of Sydney), Mahshid Ataei(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mirbahador Athari(University of Southern California), Seyyed Shamsadin Athari(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Maha Atout(Philadelphia University), Sachin Atre(Johns Hopkins University), Alok Atreya(Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital), J. Atta(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Zeenah Atwan(University of Basrah), Zaure Maratovna Aumoldaeva(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Marcel Ausloos(University of Leicester), Abolfazl Avan(Western University), Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Sana Javaid Awan(University of Lahore), Babafela Awosile(Texas Tech University), Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe(Bayero University Kano), Lemessa Assefa A Ayana(Jimma University), Seyyed Hamidreza Ayatizadeh(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Olatunde Ayinde(University College Hospital, Ibadan), Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo(Universiti Sains Malaysia), Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Davood Azadi(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Sina Azadnajafabad(Washington University in St. Louis), Alireza Azarboo(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Ali Azargoonjahromi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Masood Azhar(Baptist Hospital of Miami), Farya Azimi(University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz(Universiti Sains Malaysia), Sadat Abdulla Aziz(Cihan University-Erbil), Amin Azizan(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Ahmed Y. Azzam(Beebe Healthcare), Domenico Azzolino(Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico), Zaharaddeen Shuaibu Babandi(Ahmadu Bello University), Rasha Babiker(Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University), Giridhara R. Babu(Qatar University), Israel Tadesse Bacha(Washington University in St. Louis), Muhammad Badar(Gomal University), Ashish Badiye(Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University), Alaa Aboelnour Badran(Damietta University), Youngoh Bae(Sungkyunkwan University), Arvind Bagga(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Soroush Baghdadi(University of California, Los Angeles), Nasser Bagheri(University of Canberra), Sara Bagheri(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Elahe Baghizadeh(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Fereshteh Baghizadeh(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Sana Baghizadeh(Islamic Azad University Dental Branch of Tehran), Khlood Baghlaf(King Abdulaziz University), Najmeh Bahmanziari(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Amin Bahrami(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Razieh Bahreini(Pacific University Oregon), Ruhai Bai(Nanjing Children's Hospital), Atif Amin Baig(Management and Science University), Vali Baigi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Shankar M Bakkannavar(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Abdulaziz Bako(Memorial Hermann Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Foundation), Senthilkumar Balakrishnan(Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology), Wondu Feyisa Balcha(Bahir Dar University), Maher Balkis(Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine), José Roberto Balmori de la Miyar(Universidad Anáhuac México Sur), Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu(Alfaisal University), Shatha Bamashmous(King Abdulaziz University), Maciej Banach(Medical University of Lodz), Morteza Banakar(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Palash Chandra Banik(Bangladesh University of Health Sciences), Rajon Banik(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Shirin Barati(Saveh University of Medical Sciences), Noël C. Barengo(Florida International University), Suzanne Barker‐Collo(University of Auckland), Hiba Jawdat Barqawi(University of Sharjah), I Beltrán(University of Washington), Amadou Barrow(University of the Gambia), Sandra Barteit(Heidelberg University), Lingkan Barua(Bangladesh University of Health Sciences), MD Abu Bashar(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Zarrin Basharat, Shahid Bashir(University of Lahore), Guido Basile(University of Catania), Pritish Baskaran(Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital), Rehana Basri(Jouf University), Quique Bassat(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Mohammad‐Mahdi Bastan(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Sanjay Basu(Harvard University), Saurav Basu(Harvard University), Kavita Batra(University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Bernhard T. Baune(University of Münster), Mahdis Bayat(Pasteur Institute of Iran), Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork(University of Illinois Chicago), Mulat Tirfie Bayih(Bahir Dar University), Feyisa Shasho Bayisa(Haramaya University), Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn(Jimma University), Thomas Beaney(The George Institute for Global Health), Neeraj Bedi(D.Y. Patil University), Narasimha M. Beeraka(Sechenov University), Priyamadhaba Behera(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar), Jina Behjati(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Babak Behnam(Intelligent Fusion Technology (United States)), Amir Hossein Behnoush(Center for Non-Communicable Diseases), Bezawit Kassahun Bekele(Milken Institute), Asnake Gashaw Belayneh(Bahir Dar University), Melesse Belayneh(University of South Africa), Abel Cherkos Belete(Arba Minch University), Gokce Belge Bilgin(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Michael Belingheri(Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo), Muhammad Bashir Bello(King Abdullah International Medical Research Center), Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Luı́s Belo(Universidade do Porto), Apostolos Beloukas(University of West Attica), Salaheddine Bendak(American University of Sharjah), Riyad Bendardaf(University of Sharjah), Corina Benjet(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz), Derrick Bennett(University of Oxford), Isabela M. Benseñor(Universidade de São Paulo), Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune(BRAC University), Habib Benzian(York University), Zombor Berezvai(Corvinus University of Budapest), Maria Bergami(University of Bologna), Alemshet Yirga Berhie(Bahir Dar University), Abiye Assefa Berihun(Johns Hopkins University), Amiel Nazer C Bermudez(University of the Philippines Manila), Eduardo Bernabé(Queen Mary University of London), Robert S. Bernstein(Emory University), Paulo J. G. Bettencourt(Universidade Católica Portuguesa), Ajeet Singh Bhadoria(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh), Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula(North Dakota State University), Neeraj Bhala(University of Nottingham), Jeetendra Bhandari(Karnali Academy of Health Sciences), Kayleigh Bhangdia(University of Washington), Ravi Bharadwaj(University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), Sonu Bhaskar(National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center), Ajay Nagesh Bhat(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Anup Bhat(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Vivek Bhat(SUNY Upstate Medical University), Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee(Newcastle University), Shuvarthi Bhattacharjee(Department of Health & Family Welfare), Gurjit Kaur Bhatti(Chandigarh University), Jasvinder Singh Bhatti(Central University of Punjab), Manpreet S. Bhatti(Guru Nanak Dev University), Rajbir Bhatti(Guru Nanak Dev University), Soumitra S. Bhuyan(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey), Sibhatu Biadgilign, Raluca Bievel-Radulescu(Veneto Eye Bank Foundation), Can Bilgin(Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇), Cem Bilgin(Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇), Saeed Biroudian(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Catherine Bisignano(University of Washington), Atanu Biswas(Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research), Bijit Biswas(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar), Raaj Kishore Biswas(The University of Sydney), Ahmad Naoras Bitar(Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Molalegne Bitew(Addis Ababa Science and Technology University), Bruno Bizzozero‐Peroni(Universidad de la República de Uruguay), Espen Bjertness(University of Oslo), Fiona Blyth(The University of Sydney), Trupti Bodhare(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Virgínia Bodolica(American University of Sharjah), Mahmut Bodur(Ankara University), Lucimére Bohn(Universidade do Porto), Rachael Bokota(University of Washington), Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa(University of the Witwatersrand), Srinivasa Rao Bolla(Nazarbayev University), Paria Bolourinejad(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Aimé Bonny(University of Douala), Sri Harsha Boppana(Johns Hopkins University), Berrak Bora Başara(Ministry of Health), Sanaz Bordbar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Hamed Borhany(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Alejandro Botero Carvajal(Universidad Santiago de Cali), Souad Bouaoud(University Ferhat Abbas of Setif), Soufiane Boufous(UNSW Sydney), Rupert Bourne(Anglia Ruskin University), C. S. Boxe(Howard University), Marija Božić(University of Belgrade), Jyoti Brahmaiah(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Dejana Braithwaite(University of Florida Health), Nicholas J. K. Breitborde(The Ohio State University), Hermann Brenner(German Cancer Research Center), Edmond D Brewer(University of Washington), Gabrielle B. Britton(Panama Canal Authority), Julie Brown(UNSW Sydney), Annie J. Browne(The Kids Research Institute Australia), Traolach Brugha(University of Leicester), Claudia Buchweitz(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Raffaele Bugiardini(University of Bologna), Linh Phuong Bui(Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population), Norma B. Bulamu(Flinders University), Tsion Samuel Bunare(Bahir Dar University), Danilo Buonsenso(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Asmat Burhan(Pelita Harapan University), Katrin Burkart(University of Washington), Richard A. Burns(Australian National University), Felix Busch(University of Cambridge), Reinhard Busse(Technische Universität Berlin), Yasser Bustanji(University of Jordan), Zahid A Butt(University of Waterloo), Channa Buxbaum(University of Washington), CJ Sanjay(JSS Dental College and Hospital), Jack Cagney(University of Washington), Tianji Cai(University of Macau), Rose Cairns(The University of Sydney), Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay(Ankara University), Daniela Călina(University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova), Luis Alberto Cámera(Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires), Luciana Aparecida Campos(Anhembi Morumbi University), Ismael Campos‐Nonato(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Fan Cao(Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery), Yuchen Cao(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Angelo Capodici(Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna), Rosario Cárdenas(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana), Sinclair Carr(Harvard University), Giulia Carreras, Juan Jesús Carrero(Karolinska Institutet), Austin Carter(University of Washington), Andrea Carugno(University of Insubria), André F. Carvalho(Deakin University), Ana Paula Carvalho‐e‐Silva(The University of Sydney), João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia(Universidade de São Paulo), Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela(Universidad Nacional de Colombia), Giulio Castelpietra(World Health Organization - Pakistan), Alberico L. Catapano(University of Milan), Maria Sofia Cattaruzza(Sapienza University of Rome), Arthur Caye(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Christopher R. Cederroth(Karolinska Institutet), Luca Cegolon(University of Trieste), Francieli Cembranel(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Muthia Cenderadewi(University of Mataram), Kelly Cercy(University of Washington), Ester Cerin(Australian Catholic University), Sonia Cerrai(Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica), Müge Çevik(National Health Service Scotland), Madhu Chakkere Shivamadhu(Drexel University), Chiranjib Chakraborty(Hallym University), Promit Ananyo Chakraborty(University of British Columbia), Sandip Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan(University of Birmingham), Rama Mohan Chandika(Jazan University), Miyuru Chandradasa(University of Kelaniya), Eeshwar K Chandrasekar(University of Rochester), Jung‐Chen Chang(National Taiwan University), Vijay Kumar Chattu(Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research), Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou(University of Manchester), Lam Duc Chau(University of Houston), Sirshendu Chaudhuri(Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar), Akhilanand Chaurasia(King George's Medical University), Galmesa Bekana Chemeda(Oromiyaa Regional Health Bureau), An‐Tian Chen(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Catherine S Chen(University of Washington), Guangjin Chen(Sun Yat-sen University), Hana Chen(Curtin University Sarawak), Haowei Chen(Curtin University Sarawak), Hui Chen(Curtin University Sarawak), Junhao Chen(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Mengxuan Chen(University of Michigan), Shanquan Chen(Heidelberg University), Simiao Chen(Heidelberg University), Xiang Chen(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Yifan Chen(Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Haojin Cheng(Hong Kong Baptist University), Ka Ching Cheung(Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Nicholas Chew(National University of Singapore), Gerald Chi(Harvard University), Ju‐Huei Chien(Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital), Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir(Hiroshima University), Patrick R Ching(Virginia Commonwealth University), Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres(Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia), Clara Grazia Chisari(University of Catania), William C. Cho(Queen Elizabeth Hospital), Bryan Chong(National University of Singapore), Yuen Yu Chong(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Hou In Chou(University of Hong Kong), E. Chowdhury(Curtin University), Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury(Asian University for Women), Hanne Christensen(University of Copenhagen), Steffan Wittrup Christensen(University College of Northern Denmark), Dinh‐Toi Chu(Institute for Reproductive and Family Health), Isaac Sunday Chukwu(Federal Medical Centre), Eric Lim Teik Chung(The University of Queensland), Erin Chung(The University of Queensland), Sheng‐Chia Chung(Health Data Research UK), S. Y. Chung(Health Data Research UK), Muhammad Chutiyami(University of Technology Sydney), Arrigo F.G. Cicero(University of Bologna), Liliana G Ciobanu(University of South Australia), Rebecca M Cogen(University of Washington), Aaron J. Cohen(Health Effects Institute), Alyssa Columbus(Johns Hopkins University), João Conde(University of Lisbon), Stephen E. Congly(University of Calgary), Nathalie Conrad(KU Leuven), Sara Conti(University of Milano-Bicocca), M Corda(University of Lisbon), Alexandru Corlăteanu(Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Samuele Cortese(American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry), Paolo Angelo Cortesi(IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano), Claudia Cosma(University of Florence), Ewerton Cousin(University of Washington), Emma Johnson Cowart(University of Washington), Michael H Criqui(University of California San Diego), Andrew Crist(University of Washington), Jessica A Cruz(University of Washington), Natália Martins(i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto), Xiaolin Cui(Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen), Garland T Culbreth(University of Washington), Nour Dababo(University of Aleppo), Ali Dabbagh(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Omid Dadras(University of Turku), Tukur Dahiru(Ahmadu Bello University), Xiaochen Dai(University of Washington), Zhaoli Dai(The University of Sydney), Mayank Dalakoti(National University of Singapore), Koustuv Dalal(Mid Sweden University), Gloria Dalla Costa(Harvard University), Giovanni Damiani(Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi), Emanuele D’Amico(University of Catania), Yohannes Tefera Damtew(University of South Australia), Roy Arokiam Daniel(Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital), Lucio D’Anna(Imperial College London), Pojsakorn Danpanichkul(Texas Tech University), Samuel Demissie Darcho(Haramaya University), Latefa Ali Dardas(University of Jordan), Bahar Darouei(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Anna Dastiridou(University of Thessaly), Gail Davey(Brighton and Sussex Medical School), Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes(Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias México), Nicole Davis Weaver(University of Washington), Dimash Davletov(Kazakh National Medical University), Kairat Davletov(Kazakh National Medical University), Elham Davoudi(University of Massachusetts Lowell), Fernando de la Hoz(Universidad Nacional de Colombia), Katie de Luca(Central Queensland University), Nicole DeCleene(University of Washington), Edward Christopher Dee(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Orla Deegan(Qatar University), Sindhura Deekonda(Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center), Amanda Deen(University of Washington), Louisa Degenhardt(University of Washington), Paria Dehesh(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Lee Deitesfeld(University of Washington), Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie(University of Gondar), Pouria Delbari(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Delsoz(University of Tennessee Health Science Center), Dessalegn Demeke(Bahir Dar University), Andreas K. Demetriades(National Health Service Scotland), Desalegn Getnet Demsie(Bahir Dar University), Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez(Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán), Tadios Niguss Derese(Kotebe University of Education), Ismail Dergaa(University of Jendouba), Hunegnaw Almaw Derseh(Bahir Dar University), Emina Dervišević(University of Sarajevo), Abraham Aregay Desta(University of Florence), Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu(Chettinad Academy of Research and Education), Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan(United International University), Arkadeep Dhali(Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Kuldeep Dhama(Indian Veterinary Research Institute), Rajinder K. Dhamija(Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences), Amol S. Dhane(Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Narender K Dhania(University of Delhi), Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal(Goethe University Frankfurt), Meghnath Dhimal(Goethe University Frankfurt), Sameer Dhingra(National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research), Bibha Dhungel(The University of Melbourne), Marcello Di Pumpo(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Diana Dias da Silva(Universidade do Porto), Daniel Díaz(National Institute of Public Health), Luis Antonio Díaz(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Kimia Didehvar(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey), Lauren K. Dillard(Medical University of South Carolina), Adriana Dima(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Xueting Ding(University of California, Irvine), Temesgien Ergetie Dinkayehu(Bahir Dar University), Huyen Phuc(VinUniversity), Thao Huynh Phuong(Can Tho University), Клара Докова(Medical University of Varna), Christiane Dolecek(Mahidol University), Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez(University of Washington), Francesco Dondi(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Mario D’Oria(University of Trieste), Fariba Dorostkar(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi(Bridgewater State University), Paulo Magno Martins Dourado(Universidade de São Paulo), Robert Kokou Dowou(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Menayit Tamrat Dresse(University of Pittsburgh), Tim Driscoll(The University of Sydney), Ashel Chelsea Dsouza(Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute), Viola Savy Dsouza(Maastricht University), Jiang Du(Jinzhou Medical University), John Dube(University of Windsor), Emeka W. Dumbili(University College Dublin), Samuel Carvalho Dumith(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Jennifer Dunne(Curtin University), André Rodrigues Durães(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Senbagam Duraisamy(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye(University of Sheffield), Ashit Kumar Dutta(Alfaisal University), Arkadiusz Dziedzic(Medical University of Silesia), Abdel Rahman E’mar(Cleveland Clinic), Osamudiamen Ebohon(Northwestern University), Ejemai Eboreime(Dalhousie University), Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim(Zagazig University), Alireza Ebrahimi(Fred Hutch Cancer Center), Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi(Shahroud University of Medical Sciences), Sara Ebrahimi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Abdelaziz Ed‐Dra(Université Sultan Moulay Slimane), Ekaette Godwin Edelduok(Akwa Ibom State University), Kristina Edvardsson(La Trobe University), Ferry Efendi(La Trobe University), Behrad Eftekhari(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Foolad Eghbali(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Fatemeh Ehsani(Semnan University of Medical Sciences), Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh(University of Massachusetts Amherst), Terje Andreas Eikemo(Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Ebrahim Eini(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Michael Ekholuenetale(University of Portsmouth), Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Rabie Adel El Arab(Saad Specialist Hospital), Abdelfatteh El Omri(Hamad Medical Corporation), Maysaa El Sayed Zaki(Mansoura University), Mohamed Ahmed Eladl(Mansoura University), Reza Elahi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Said El‐Ashker(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Rana Elbeshbeishy(Ain Shams University), Noha Mousaad Elemam(University of Sharjah), Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary(Ain Shams University), Muhammed Elhadi(Korea University), Mohamed Elhoumed(Université de Nouakchott), Waseem El‐Huneidi(University of Sharjah), Sherif Elkannishy(Damietta University), Omar El Meligy(Alexandria University), Rami Elmorsi(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Adel B. Elmoselhi(University of Sharjah), Mohamed Hassan Elnaem(University of Ulster), Gihan ELNahas(Ain Shams University), Mohammed Elshaer(Mansoura University), Ibrahim Elsohaby(City University of Hong Kong), Abdelgawad Salah Abdelgawad Eltahawy(Damanhour University), Tadele Emagneneh(Woldia University), Theophilus I. Emeto(Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine), Victor Oghenekparobo Emojevwe(University of Medical Sciences, Ondo), Destaw Endeshaw(Bahir Dar University), Misganu Endriyas(Hawassa University), Holly E Erskine(The University of Queensland), Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor(University of Lagos), Derese Eshetu(Madda Walabu University), Habitu Birhan Eshetu(University of Gondar), Gilbert Eshun(Ghana Health Service), Sharareh Eskandarieh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Majid Eslami(Semnan University of Medical Sciences), Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo(Klaipėda University), Francesco Esposito(University of Bologna), Kara Estep(University of Washington), Crystal Amiel M. Estrada(University of the Philippines Manila), Fahima Nasrin Eva(North South University), Elochukwu Ezenwankwo(Drexel University), Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka(Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center), Heidar Fadavian(Tarbiat Modares University), Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe(University of Ibadan), Ayesha Fahim(Riphah International University), Ildar Fakhradiyev(Kazakh National Medical University), Aliasghar Fakhri‐Demeshghieh(University of Tehran), Qiping Fan(Clemson University), Mohammad Farahmand(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Emerito Jose A Faraon(University of the Philippines Manila), Mohammad Fareed(Alfaisal University), Zaki Farhana(Bangladesh Bank), Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha(University of Lisbon), MoezAlIslam E. Faris(Applied Science Private University), André Faro(Universidade Federal de Sergipe), Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Umar Farooque(Luton and Dunstable Hospital), Hossein Farrokhpour(Center for Non-Communicable Diseases), Fatemeh Farshad(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Farima Farsi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Md. Omar Faruk(Bangladesh University), Folorunso O. Fasina(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Modupe Margaret Fasina(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Emmanuel Toluwani Fasusi(University System of Georgia), Ali Fatehizadeh(Edith Cowan University), Davood Fathi(Tarbiat Modares University), Zareen Fatima(University of Lahore), Mehdi Fazlzadeh(Ardabil University of Medical Sciences), Li Fei(Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Valery L. Feigin(University of Washington), Alireza Feizkhah(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Ginenus Fekadu(City University of Hong Kong), Berhanu Elfu Feleke(Bahir Dar University), Dechao Feng(Zhejiang Chinese Medical University), Kaixin Feng(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Xiaoqi Feng(Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention), Talukdar Raian Ferdous(University of Houston), Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad(University of Toronto), Rodrigo Fernández‐Jiménez(Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Pietro Ferrara(IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano), Alize J Ferrari(The University of Queensland), André Ferreira(CUF Porto Hospital), Nuno Ferreira(University of Nicosia), Natan Feter(University of Southern California), Alexander Finnemore(Clinica Universidad de Navarra), Claudio Fiorilla(Federico II University Hospital), Florian Fischer(Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Ida Fitriana(Universitas Gadjah Mada), Luísa Sório Flor(University of Washington), Federica Fogacci(University of Bologna), Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan(Obafemi Awolowo University), Marco Fonzo(University of Padua), Lisa M Force(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), Arianna Fornari(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Carla Fornari(University of Milano-Bicocca), Ingeborg Forthun(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Daniela Fortuna(Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale), Matteo Foschi(University of L'Aquila), Maryam Fotouhi(University of Southern California), Kayode Raphael Fowobaje(Karolinska Institutet), J. F.(University of Buea), Richard Charles Franklin(James Cook University), Alberto Freitas(Universidade do Porto), Jinming Fu(Xuzhou Medical College), Nancy Fullman(University of Washington), Blima Fux(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), G Sridevi(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Péter Gaál(Semmelweis University), Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka(University of Ghana), Márió Gajdács(University of Szeged), Yaseen Galali(Cihan University-Erbil), Silvano Gallus(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Dhanraj Ganapathy(Saveetha University), G Shivaprakash(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mohd Ashraf Ganie(Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences), Dingwei Gao(Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Xiang Gao(Xuzhou Medical College), Bashiru Garba(University of Somalia), F. García(University of the Philippines Manila), Vanessa Garcia(University of Washington), Miguel Garcia‐Argibay(Örebro University), David García‐Azorín(Universidad de Valladolid), William M. Gardner(University of Washington), Jacopo Garlasco(University of Verona), Zisis Gatzioufas(University of Basel), Prem Gautam(Texas Department of State Health Services), Rupesh K. Gautam(Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute), Federica Gazzelloni, Feven Sahle Gebre(Addis Ababa University), Miglas Welay Gebregergis(Adigrat University), Haftay Gebremedhin Gebreslassie(Adigrat University), Stefano Gelibter(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda), Nsikakabasi Samuel George(Jagiellonian University), Ali Gerami Matin(George Washington University), Genanew Kassie Getahun(Ethiopian Public Health Institute), Kalab Yigermal Gete(Bahir Dar University), Delaram J. Ghadimi(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Keyghobad Ghadiri(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Fataneh Ghadirian(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Seyyed‐Hadi Ghamari(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Arin Ghamkhar(Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services), Ali Ghandili(Cihan University-Erbil), Moein Ghasemi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad‐Reza Ghasemi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Shakiba Ghasemi Assl(Global Brain Health Institute), Haniyeh Ghasrsaz(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Ramy Mohamed Ghazy(King Khalid University), Sailaja Ghimire(Nepal Health Research Council), Nermin Ghith(Danish Cancer Society), Nasim Gholizadeh(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Elena Ghotbi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Alessandro Gialluisi(Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo), Konstantinos Giannakis(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Ruth Margaret Gibson(Stanford University), Artyom Gil, Gabriela Gil(University of Washington), Syed Abdullah Gilani(University of Nizwa), Nora M Gilbertson(University of Washington), Tiffany K. Gill(The University of Adelaide), Themba G. Ginindza(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Bikash Ranjan Giri(St. John's College of Nursing), Alem Girmay(Aksum University), Alessandro Girombelli(Ospedale SS. Annunziata), E. V. Gnedovskaya(Research Center of Neurology), László Göbölös(Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine), Kimiya Gohari(Tarbiat Modares University), Mahaveer Golechha(Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar), Pouya Goleij(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Ali Golestani(Center for Non-Communicable Diseases), Davide Golinelli(Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Della Romagna), Melika Golmohammadi(Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences), Wenping Gong(Chinese PLA General Hospital), Sameer Vali Gopalani(University of Sharjah), Yitayal Ayalew Goshu(Debre Tabor University), Alessandra C. Goulart(Universidade de São Paulo), Aman Goyal(Cleveland Clinic), Ayman Grada(Lake County Forest Preserves), Simon Matthew Graham(University of Liverpool), Vittorio Grieco(University of Catania), Michal Grivna(United Arab Emirates University), Ashna Grover(National Institutes of Health), Habtamu Alganeh Guadie(Bahir Dar University), Shi‐Yang Guan(Anhui Medical University), Zhongyang Guan(Curtin University), Giovanni Guarducci(University of Ferrara), Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari(University of Sulaimani), Avirup Guha(The Ohio State University), Damitha Asanga Gunawardane(University of Peradeniya), Xingzhi Guo(Shanxi Medical University), Zhao-Yu Guo(Open Data Institute), Zheng Guo(Open Data Institute), Zhifeng Guo(Open Data Institute), Anish Gupta(Max Super Speciality Hospital), Himanshu Gupta(Flinders University), Rajeev Gupta(ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur), Lalit Gupta(Maulana Azad Medical College), Rajat Das Gupta(University of South Carolina), Rajeev Gupta(University of South Carolina), Sapna Gupta(Shriram Institute for Industrial Research), Veer Bala Gupta(University of Delhi), Vijai Kumar Gupta(University of Delhi), Vipin Gupta(University of Delhi), Vivek Gupta(University of Delhi), Yonas Deressa Guracho(Bahir Dar University), Lami Gurmessa(Wollega University), Reyna Alma Gutiérrez(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz), Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo(Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul), Parishma Guttoo(Case Western Reserve University), José Guzmán-Esquivel(Mexican Social Security Institute), Adrina Habibzadeh(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Abrham Tesfaye Habteyes(Dilla University), Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes(Bahir Dar University), Tesfahun Simon Hadaro(Arba Minch University), Najah R Hadi(University of Kufa), Zahra Hadian(National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute), Abdul Hafiz(Umm al-Qura University), Faraidoon Haghdoost(The George Institute for Global Health), Arian Haghtalab(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Hailey Hagins(University of Washington), Demewoz Haile(University of Washington), Haimanot Hailu(Monash University), Pritam Halder(Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Aram Halimi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Sebastian Haller(Robert Koch Institute), Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz(University of Sulaimani), Islam Hamad(American University of Madaba), Randah R Hamadeh(Arabian Gulf University), Nadia Μ. Hamdy(Ain Shams University), Sajid Hameed, Erin B Hamilton(University of Washington), Ahmad Hammoud(Bauman Moscow State Technical University), M. Khalid Hamza(Guthrie Foundation), Umar Sabiu Hamza(Bayero University Kano), Hannah Han(University of Washington), Didem Han Yekdeş(Trakya University), Asif Hanif(Sakarya University), Nasrin Hanifi(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Graeme J. Hankey(Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science), Fahad Hanna(Torrens University Australia), Ashanul Haque(University of Ha'il), Md. Aminul Haque(University of Ha'il), Md. Nuruzzaman Haque(University of Rajshahi), Harapan Harapan(Universitas Syiah Kuala), Hilda L Harb(Ministry of Public Health), Kassandra L. Harding(University of Nevada, Reno), Arief Hargono(Airlangga University), Andy Martahan Andreas Hariandja(Ministry of Health), Josep María Haro(Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu), Ashley Harris(University of Washington), Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has(La Trobe University), Ahmed I Hasaballah(Al-Azhar University), Faizul Hasan(Chulalongkorn University), Md. Kamrul Hasan(Impact), Hamidreza Hasani(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Arezou Hashem Zadeh(Johns Hopkins University), Mohammad Hashem Hashempur(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Nada Tawfig Hashim(University of Khartoum), Ammarah Hasnain(University of Lahore), Amr Hassan(Cairo University), Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan(University of Khartoum), Ikrama Hassan(University of Khartoum), Nageeb Hassan(Ajman University), Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Shokoufeh Hassani(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammed Bheser Hassen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation), Lasanthi Wathsala Hathagoda(Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children), Rasmus Havmoeller(Region Skåne), Angie Hawat(Damascus University), Khezar Hayat(University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences), Youssef Hbid(UK Dementia Research Institute), Jiawei He(University of Washington), Jue He(University of Washington), Jeffrey J. Hébert(University of New Brunswick), Mohammad Heidari(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Mehdi Hemmati(Georgetown University), Claire A Henson(University of Washington), Molly E Herbert(University of Washington), Claudiu Herţeliu(Babeș-Bolyai University), Austin Heuer(University of Washington), Sumudu Avanthi Hewage(Queensland University of Technology), Mojtaba Heydari(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Zahra Heydarifard(Lorestan University of Medical Sciences), Kamal Hezam(Nankai University), Yuta Hiraike(The University of Tokyo), Ramesh Holla(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Julia Hon(University of Washington), Alamgir Hossain(University of Rajshahi), Lubna Hossain(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Md. Belal Hossain(University of British Columbia), Md Mahbub Hossain(University of Dhaka), Md. Sabbir Hossain(Shahjalal University of Science and Technology), Mohammad Bellal Hossain(University of Dhaka), Hassan Hosseinzadeh(University of Wollongong), Mehdi Hosseinzadeh(Duy Tan University), Mihaela Hostiuc(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Sorin Hostiuc(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Jada Averianna Houser(University of Washington), Mila Nu Nu Htay(University of Malaya), Chengxi Hu(Tsinghua University), Yifei Hu(Capital Medical University), Junjie Huang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Weijun Huang(Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Yefei Huang(Xuzhou Medical College), Mega Hasanul Huda(University of Indonesia), Atanesia Indriyani Human(Ministry of Health), Kyle Matthew Humphrey(University of Washington), Kiavash Hushmandi(Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences), Andreas Husøy(Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Javid Hussain(University of Nizwa), M. Azhar Hussain(Roskilde University), Salman Hussain(Masaryk University), Dursa Hussein(Improvement Service), Nawfal R Hussein(University of Zakho), Mohamed I. Husseiny(Zagazig University), Hong-Han Huynh(Taipei Medical University), Bing‐Fang Hwang(Asia University), Luigi Francesco Iannone(University of Modena and Reggio Emilia), Ahmed M. A. Ibrahim(University of Charleston), Khalid S Ibrahim(University of Zakho), Ramzi Ibrahim(Abu Dhabi University), Reem Ibrahim(Abu Dhabi University), Anel Ibrayeva(Kazakh National Medical University), Francisco Idalsoaga(Western University), Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar(City University of New York), Audrey L Ihler(University of Washington), Nayu Ikeda(National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition), Adalia Ikiroma, Jibran Ikram(Cleveland Clinic), Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi(University College Hospital, Ibadan), Irena M Ilic(University of Belgrade), Milena Ilić(University of Kragujevac), Muhammad Hamza Ilyas(Massachusetts General Hospital), Mohammad Tarique Imam(Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University), Masoud Imani(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mustapha Immurana(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Lucius Chidiebere Imoh(University of Jos), Leeberk Raja Inbaraj(National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis), Arit Inok(University of Exeter), Mujahid Iqbal(Wuhan University), Lalu Muhammad Irham(Universitas Ahmad Dahlan), Mustafa Alhaji Isa(University of Maiduguri), Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam(Birmingham City University), Md. Rabiul Islam(BRAC University), Md. Shariful Islam(Birmingham City University), Farhad Islami(American Cancer Society), Faisal Ismail(National Center for Disease Control), Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail(AIMST University), Yerlan Ismoldayev(Kazakh National Medical University), Hiroyasu Iso(The University of Osaka), Gaetano Isola(University of Catania), Mosimah Charles Ituka(Université de Yaoundé I), Masao Iwagami(University of Tsukuba), Chinwe Juliana Iwu(South African Medical Research Council), Ihoghosa Iyamu(University of British Columbia), Mahalaxmi Iyer(Karpagam Academy of Higher Education), Veena Iyer(Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar), J Vinothini(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Jalil Jaafari(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Louis Jacob(Université Paris Cité), Kathryn H. Jacobsen(University of Richmond), Ali Jadidi(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Morteza Jafarinia(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Shabbar Jaffar(The George Institute for Global Health), Haitham Jahrami(International Hospital of Bahrain), Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun(Dubai Health Authority), Vikash Jaiswal(Larkin Community Hospital), Mihajlo Jakovljević(Shaanxi University of Technology), Ali Jaliliyan(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh(Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch), Mohamed Jalloh(Medical College of Wisconsin), Armaan Jamal(Chicago Department of Public Health), Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal(Qassim University), Jazlan Jamaluddin(University of Malaya), Jerin James(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Tyler G. James(University of Michigan), Hasan M. Jamil(St. Luke's International University), Safayet Jamil(Daffodil International University), Roland Dominic G. Jamora(St. Luke's Medical Center), Masoud Jamshidi(Institute for Musculoskeletal Health), Shaghayegh JamshidiRastabi(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Rajiv Janardhanan(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Esmaeil Jarrahi(Royan Institute), Syed Sarmad Javaid(Jinnah Sindh Medical University), Anita Javanmardi(Karolinska Institutet), Javad Javidnia(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Talha Jawaid(Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University), Qassim Jawell Odah Abed(Middle Technical University), Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe(University of Peradeniya), Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe(University of Peradeniya), Achala Upendra Jayatilleke(Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka), Kimia Jazi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Felix Jebasingh(The University of Melbourne), Sun Ha Jee(Yonsei University), Jayakumar Jeganathan(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Tadesse Hailu Jember(Bahir Dar University), Belayneh Hamdela Jena(Hosan University), Diptismita Jena(Graphic Era University), Seogsong Jeong(Korea University), Mahsa Jessri(University of British Columbia), Bijay Mukesh Jeswani(B.J. Medical College), Vivekanand Jha(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Zixiang Ji(Tongji University), Min Jiang(Xuzhou Medical College), Weiqiu Jin(City University of Hong Kong), Wenyi Jin(City University of Hong Kong), Catherine O. Johnson(University of Washington), Emily K. Johnson(University of Southern Denmark), Mohammad Jokar(University of Calgary), Jost B Jonas(Institut Français), Tamás Joó(Semmelweis University), Abu Jor(Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Abel Joseph(SRM Dental College), Alex Joseph(SRM Dental College), Nitin Joseph(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Charity Ehimwenma Joshua(National Open University of Nigeria), Farahnaz Joukar(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), George V. Joy(Hamad Medical Corporation), Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak(University of Opole), Mikk Jürisson(University of Tartu), Malik E. Juweid(University of Jordan), Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram(National Institute of Epidemiology), Billingsley Kaambwa(Flinders University), Zubair Kabir(University College Cork), Dler Hussein Kadir(Cihan University-Erbil), E. Megan Kahn(University of Washington), Ashish Kumar Kakkar(Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Leila R Kalankesh(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Khalil Kalavani(Islamic Azad University, Khoy Branch), Feroze Kaliyadan(King Faisal University), Aidana Kaliyakparova(Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology), Sanjay Kalra(Chandigarh University), Md Moustafa Kamal(The University of Sydney), Mehnaz Kamal(The University of Sydney), Sivesh K. Kamarajah(NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre), Rajesh Kamath(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Saltanat Kamenova(Kazakh National Medical University), Arun Kamireddy(Johns Hopkins University), Ramat T. Kamorudeen(Public Health Wales), Oleksandr Kamyshnyi(I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University), Haidong Kan(Fudan University), Mona Kanaan(University of York), Saddam F. Kanaan(Qatar University), Jiseung Kang(Korea University), Samuel Berchi Kankam(Harvard University), Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi(University of Puthisastra), Sujitha Kannan(M S Ramaiah Memorial Hospital), Suthanthira Kannan S(ACS Medical College and Hospital), Rami S. Kantar(NYU Langone Health), Neeti Kapoor(Government Medical College), Sujita Kumar Kar(King George's Medical University), Paschalis Karakasis(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), Reema Karasneh(Yarmouk University), Hanie Karimi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Arman Karimi Behnagh(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Samad Karkhah(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Mohmed Isaqali Karobari(Saveetha University), Tomasz M. Karpiński(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Abdene Weya Kaso(Department of Public Health), Hengameh Kasraei(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Nigussie Assefa Kassaw(Addis Ababa University), Adarsh Katamreddy(Jacobi Medical Center), Patrick DMC Katoto(Stellenbosch University), Joonas H. Kauppila(Karolinska Institutet), Gbenga A Kayode(Utrecht University), N. Rad(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad‐Hossein Keivanlou(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Peter Njenga Keiyoro(University of Nairobi), Chukwudi Keke(Columbus State Community College), John H. Kempen(Harvard University), Salima Kerai(Hospital for Sick Children), Vikash Ranjan Keshri(UNSW Sydney), Kamyab Keshtkar(Arizona State University), Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot(Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement), Reza Khademi(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Yousef Khader(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Inn Kynn Khaing(Hiroshima University), Himanshu Khajuria(Amity University), Sidra Khalid(CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry), Sumaira Khalid-Ariturk(Marshall University), Hazim O. Khalifa(Kafrelsheikh University), Anas H. Khalifeh(Zarqa University), Anees Ahmed Khalil(University of Lahore), Mariam Khalil(University of Washington), Anita Khalili(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Pantea Khalili(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ghazaleh Khalili‐Tanha(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mohamed Khalis(Instituts Supérieurs des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé), Faham Khamesipour(Iran Nanohealth Committee Food and Drug Organization), Abdul Arif Khan(The University of Queensland), Ajmal Khan(The University of Queensland), Asaduzzaman Khan(The University of Queensland), Faiz Ullah Khan(Peking University), Maseer Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan(The University of Queensland), Mohammad Idreesh Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Mohammad Jobair Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Muhammad Hamza Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Muhammad Mueed Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Muhammad Umair Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Muhammad Umer Khan(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Nusrat Nabi Khan(University College London), R A Khan(Silesian University of Technology), Salman Ali Khan(Silesian University of Technology), Serab Khan(Silesian University of Technology), Sumaiya Khan(Silesian University of Technology), Yusuf S. Khan(University of Ha'il), Zahid Khan(University of South Wales), Srijana Khanal(Tribhuvan University), Vishnu Khanal(Nepal Red Cross Society), Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi(Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center), Sameer Khasbage(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur), Zenith Khashim(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Khaled Khatab(Ohio University), Haitham Khatatbeh(Yarmouk University), Moawiah Khatatbeh(Yarmouk University), Kavin Khatri(Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education), Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Afshin Khazaei, Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi(Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch), Sunil Kumar Khokhar(University of Pennsylvania Health System), Mohammad Saeid Khonji(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Najmaddin Khoshnaw(Sulaimani Polytechnic University), Atulya Aman Khosla(Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak), Fatemeh Khosravi(University of Washington), Mahmood Khosrowjerdi(University of Inland Norway), P Ratan Khuman(Charotar University of Science and Technology), Helda Khusun(SEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition), Zemene Demelash Kifle(University of Gondar), Hye Jun Kim(Seoul National University), Jin-Ho Kim(Korea University), Min Seo Kim(Broad Institute), Sungroul Kim(Soonchunhyang University), Ruth W Kimokoti(Millennium Engineering and Integration (United States)), Yohannes Kinfu(Pacific Community), Mary Ellen Kirk(University of Washington), Adnan Kısa(Tulane University), Sezer Kısa(OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University), Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek(Jagiellonian University), Mika Kivimäki(University of Helsinki), Jessica Klusty(University of Washington), Abdul Basith KM(Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), KM Shivakumar(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences), Ann Kristin Knudsen(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Nazarii Kobyliak(Bogomolets National Medical University), Jonathan Kocarnik(University of Washington), Sonali Kochhar(University of Washington), Michail Kokkorakis(Harvard University), Ali‐Asghar Kolahi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Diana Gladys Kolieghu Tcheumeni(University of Bamenda), Farzad Kompani(Children's Medical Center), Аida Kondybayeva(Kazakh National Medical University), Anastasios G. P. Konstas(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), Isaac Koomson(The University of Queensland), Gerbrand Koren(Utrecht University), Tapos Kormoker(Education University of Hong Kong), Oleksii Korzh(Kharkiv National Medical University), Karel Kostev(Philipps University of Marburg), Konstantinos Kotsis(University of Ioannina), Archana Koul(Amity University), Parvaiz A Koul(Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences), Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Irene Akwo Kretchy(University of Ghana), James‐Paul Kretchy(Central University), Kewal Krishan(Panjab University), Chong-Han Kua(Republic Polytechnic), Ananya Kuanar(Siksha O Anusandhan University), Barthélémy Kuate Defo(Université de Montréal), Raja Amir Hassan Kuchay(Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University), Burcu Küçük Biçer(Gazi University), Mohammed Kuddus(University of Ha'il), Ilari Kuitunen(University of Eastern Finland), Omar Kujan(The University of Western Australia), Anit Kujur(Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences), Mukhtar Kulimbet(Kazakh National Medical University), Vishnutheertha Kulkarni(Queensland Health), Shweta Kulshreshtha(Amity University), Dewesh Kumar(Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences), Dhasarathi Kumar(Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences), Jogender Kumar(Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Manasi Kumar(University of Nairobi), Nitesh Kumar(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Nithin Kumar(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Rakesh Kumar(University of Ha'il), Sanjay Kirshan Kumar(Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital), Tushar Kumar(Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences), Vijay Kumar(Manipal Hospital), Kumaran Subramanian(India Diabetes Research Foundation), Jibin Kunjavara(Hamad Medical Corporation), Setor K. Kunutsor(University of Bristol), Аlmagul Kurmanova(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Om Kurmi(Coventry University), Maria Dyah Kurniasari(Satya Wacana Christian University), Krishna Prasad Kurpad(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Pramod Kumar Kushawaha(Central University of Punjab), Asep Kusnali(National Research and Innovation Agency), Christina Yeni Kustanti(Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta), Dian Kusuma(Khalifa University of Science and Technology), Tezer Kutluk(Hacettepe University Hospital), Assylkhan Kuttybayev(Kazakh National Medical University), Michael Agyemang Kwarteng(University of the West Indies), Wai Hang Patrick Kwong(Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Evans F. Kyei(University of Massachusetts Boston), Grace K. Kyei(University of Massachusetts Boston), Ville Kytö(University of Turku), Hmwe Hmwe Kyu(University of Washington), L C Pallavi(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Adriano La Vecchia(Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico), Carlo La Vecchia(University of Milan), Muhammad Awwal Ladan(Bayero University Kano), Lucie Laflamme(University of South Africa), Chandrakant Lahariya(Public Health Foundation of India), Daphne Teck Ching Lai(Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Anita Lakhani(Dayalbagh Educational Institute), Dharmesh Kumar Lal(Indian Council of Medical Research), Ratilal Lalloo(The University of Queensland), Tea Lallukka(University of Helsinki), Judit Lám(Semmelweis University), Iván Landires(Ministerio de Salud Pública), Berthold Langguth(University of Regensburg), Ariane Laplante-Lévesque(Linköping University), Savita Lasrado(Father Muller Medical College Hospital), Kamaluddin Latief(University of Indonesia), Kenney Ki Lee Lau(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Basira Kankia Lawal(Ahmadu Bello University), Bilkisu Kankia Lawal(Ahmadu Bello University), Saheed Akinmayọwa Lawal(Babcock University), Aliyu Lawan(Western University), Harriet Lawford(The University of Queensland), Hilary R. Lawlor(University of Washington), DucSon NguyenTrung Le(Can Tho University), Duc H. Le(Can Tho University), Huu‐Hoai Le(University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City), Long Khanh‐Dao Le(Monash Health), Le Huu Nhat Minh(Taipei Medical University), Nhi Huu Hanh Le(University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City), Thao Thi Thu Le(University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City), Trang Diep Thanh Le(University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City), Caterina Ledda(University of Catania), Hye Ah Lee(Ewha Womans University), Seung Won Lee(Sungkyunkwan University), Wei‐Chen Lee(The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston), Yo Han Lee(Korea University), J. Paul Leigh(Asbestos Diseases Research Institute), Vasileios Leivaditis(University of Patras), Matthew J. Lennon(UNSW Sydney), Matilde Leonardi(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Elvynna Leong(Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Janni Leung(The University of Queensland), Chengcheng Li(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Heng Li(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Yongjie Li(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Jianan Li(Shanxi Medical University), Jiaying Li(Shanxi Medical University), Jie Li(Shanxi Medical University), Jingbo Li(Shanxi Medical University), Ming‐Chieh Li(National Taiwan Normal University), Peng Li(Xuzhou Medical College), Shaojie Li(Peking University), Wang‐Zhong Li(University City Science Center), Wei Li(University City Science Center), Wei Li(University City Science Center), Weilong Li(University City Science Center), Wenjie Li(University City Science Center), Xunliang Li(Anhui Medical University), Li Y(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Yongze Li(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Zhengrui Li(Harvard University), Zhihui Li(Harvard University), Yanxue Lian(Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway), Xue‐Zhen Liang(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Stephen S Lim(University of Washington), Jialing Lin(UNSW Sydney), Queran Lin(Iowa State University), Ro‐Ting Lin(China Medical University), Ya Lin(Wenzhou Medical University), Daniel Lindholm(Uppsala University), Christine Linehan(University College Dublin), Yuewei Ling(Stanford University), Gang Liu(University of Technology Sydney), Haipeng Liu(Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)), Jue Liu(Peking University), Xianliang Liu(Yale University), Xiaofeng Liu(Yale University), Xuefeng Liu(Yale University), Yubo Liu(Central South University), Y F Liu(Central South University), Erand Llanaj(Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V.), Michael J. Loftus(Alfred Health), Valerie Lohner(University of Cologne), José Francisco López‐Gil(Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo), Platon D Lopukhov(Sechenov University), Stefan Lorkowski(Supply Chain Competence Center (Germany)), Masoud Lotfizadeh(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Shanjie Luan(Qingdao University), Jailos Lubinda(The Kids Research Institute Australia), Taraneh Lucas(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Giancarlo Lucchetti(Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora), Alessandra Lugo(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Raimundas Lunevičius(University of Liverpool), Peng Luo(Zhujiang Hospital), Jay B. Lusk(Duke University), Angelina M Lutambi(The University of Dodoma), Ricardo Lutzky Saute(Universidade de São Paulo), Miltiadis D. Lytras(Effat University), Ellina Lytvyak(Tulane University), Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin(Cihan University-Erbil), Kevin Sheng‐Kai(Center for Global Health), Zheng Feei(University of the West of England), Mahmoud Mabrok(Suez Canal University), Ísis Eloah Machado(Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto), Firoozeh Madadi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Seyed Ataollah Madinezad(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Christian Madsen(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Áurea Madureira-Carvalho(Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário), Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek(Ministry of Health and Population), Azzam A. Maghazachi(University of Sharjah), D. Prasad(Government of Karnataka), Sasikumar Mahalingam(Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre), Mehrdad Mahalleh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Nozad Hussein Mahmood(Cihan University-Erbil), Alireza Mahmoudi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Farhad Mahmoudi(University of Miami), My Tra Mai(Can Tho University), Rituparna Maiti(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar), Azeem Majeed(Imperial College London), Konstantinos C. Makris(Cyprus University of Technology), Mohammad‐Reza Malekpour(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Reza Malekzadeh(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Hardeep Singh Malhotra(King George's Medical University), Ahmad Azam Malik(King Abdulaziz University), Farihah Malik(University of Lahore), Tabarak Malik(Lovely Professional University), Déborah Carvalho Malta(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), A. A. Mamun(The University of Queensland), Mustapha Mangdow(University of Kansas Medical Center), Lokesh Manjani(MedStar Health), Yosef Manla(Eisenhower Medical Center), Kamaruddeen Mannethodi(Hamad Medical Corporation), Farheen Mansoor(University of Karachi), Marjan Mansourian(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Alì Mansournia(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera(The University of Queensland), LG Mantovani(IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano), Changkun Mao(Anhui Medical University), Tahir Maqbool(University of Lahore), Sajid Maqsood(United Arab Emirates University), Hamid Reza Marateb(University of Isfahan), Joemer C Maravilla(The University of Queensland), Konstantinos Margetis(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Mirko Marino(University of Milan), Adilson Marques(University of Lisbon), Randall V. Martin(Dalhousie University), Gabriel Martínez(Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México), Bernardo Alfonso Martínez-Guerra(Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán), Ramón Martínez(World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas), Daniela Martini(University of Milan), Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo(Universidade Federal do Ceará), Miquel Martorell(University of Concepción), Winfried März(Medical University of Graz), Roy Rillera Marzo(Monash University Malaysia), Sammer Marzouk(Northwestern University), Stefano Masi(University of Pisa), Clara N Matei(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Yasith Mathangasinghe(Monash University), Stephanie Mathieson(The University of Sydney), Alexander G. Mathioudakis(University of Manchester), Manu Raj Mathur(University of Liverpool), Medha Mathur(University of Liverpool), Fernanda Penido Matozinhos(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Rita Mattiello(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Khurshid Mattoo(Jazan University), Richard J. Maude(University of Oxford), Pallab K Maulik(UNSW Sydney), Miranda May(University of Washington), Mahsa Mayeli(Yale University), Maryam Mazaheri(Dezful University of Medical Sciences), Antonio Mazzotti(Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna), Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline Mbachu(Nnamdi Azikiwe University), Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu(Nnamdi Azikiwe University), Martin McKee(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Susan A. McLaughlin(University of Washington), Steven McPhail(Queensland Health), Enkeleint A. Mechili(University of Crete), Rishi P Mediratta(Stanford Health Care), Jitendra Kumar Meena(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Elahe Meftah(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Medhin Mehari(Adigrat University), Asim Mehmood(Jazan University), Man Mohan Mehndiratta(BLK Super Speciality Hospital), Entezar Mehrabi Nasab(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Kala M. Mehta(University of California, San Francisco), Vini Mehta(Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Subhash Mehto(Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad), Toni Meier(Innovation Cluster (Canada)), Tesfahun Mekene Meto(Arba Minch University), Hadush Negash Meles(Adigrat University), Endalkachew Belayneh Melese(Johns Hopkins University), Satish Melwani(Monash University), Aishe Memetova(Washington State Department of Health), Walter Mendoza(Universidad Científica del Sur), Godfred Antony Menezes(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Ritesh G. Menezes(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Berihun Agegn Mengistie(University of Gondar), Emiru Ayalew Mengistie(Bahir Dar University), Sultan Ayoub Meo(University of Aberdeen), Michelangelo Mercogliano, Atte Meretoja(The University of Melbourne), Tuomo J Meretoja(University of Helsinki), Tomislav Meštrović(University of Washington), Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda(University of Kelaniya), Sachith Mettananda(University of Kelaniya), Mohamed M.M. Metwally(Zagazig University), Louise Mewton(UNSW Sydney), Adquate Mhlanga(Loyola University Chicago), Andrea Michelerio(Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione), Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Hiwot Soboksa Mideksa(Addis Ababa University), Paul Miller(The University of Queensland), Ted R. Miller(University of Michigan–Flint), Giuseppe Minervini(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Wai‐Kit Ming(City University of Hong Kong), GK Mini(Institute of Public Health Bengaluru), Mojgan Mirghafourvand(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Erkin М Мirrakhimov(Kyrgyz State Medical Academy), Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad(University Health Network), Mizan Kiros Mirutse(University of Bergen), Yousef Mirzaei(Cihan University-Erbil), Archana Mishra(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar), Kumar Guru Mishra(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Vinaytosh Mishra(Panacea Biotec (India)), Arup Kumar Misra(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Philip B. Mitchell(UNSW Sydney), Prasanna Mithra(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Sayan Mitra(The University of Sydney), Manasi Murthy Mittinty(The University of Melbourne), Malihe Moazeni(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Mohammadreza Mobayen(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Madeline E Moberg(University of Washington), Shivani Modi(Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia), Ashraf Mohamadkhani(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Jama Mohamed(University of Hargeisa), Mona Gamal Mohamed(Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University), Nouh Saad Mohamed(National Centre for Research), Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed(University of Khartoum), Taj Mohammad(Jamia Millia Islamia), Sakineh Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Abdolreza Mohammadi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Reza Mohammadi(Tarbiat Modares University), Seyed Omid Mohammadi(Texas Christian University), Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Ramin Mohammadzadeh(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Ammas Siraj Mohammed(Haramaya University), Hussen Mohammed(Dire Dawa University), Omer Mohammed(Government College Kodanchery), Shafiu Mohammed(Ahmadu Bello University), Suleiman Mohammed(Ahmadu Bello University), Yahaya Mohammed(Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto), Syam Mohan(ASA College), Yugal Kishore Mohanta(University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya), Mohammad Mohseni(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Amin Mokari‐Yamchi(Urmia University), Ali H. Mokdad(University of Washington), Alexandr Mokhirev(Kazakhstan Medical University), Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar(Urmia University), Sabrina Molinaro(Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica), Amirabbas Mollaei(Golestan University), Shaher Momani(University of Jordan), Lorenzo Monasta(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Amirabbas Monazzami(Razi University), Himel Mondal(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar), Stefania Mondello(University of Messina), Ahmed Al Montasir(Madurai Medical College), Catrin E. Moore(St George's, University of London), Yousef Moradi(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Paula Moraga(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Lídia Morawska(Queensland University of Technology), Rafael Silveira Moreira(Universidade Federal de Pernambuco), Brooks Morgan(University of Washington), Negar Morovatdar(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mahdis Morovvati(Baoshan College), Mahmoud M Morsy(October 6 University), Jakub Morze(Nicolaus Copernicus University), Reza Mosaddeghi-Heris(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Jonathan F Mosser(University of Washington), Nogol Motamed‐Gorji(National Health Service Scotland), Vincent Mougin(University of Washington), Simin Mouodi(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Asma Mousavi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Amin Mousavi Khaneghah(ITMO University), Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Mohamed Awad Mousnad(Management and Science University), Amanda Movo(University of Washington), Hagar Lotfy Mowafy(Cairo University), Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Matías Mrejen(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Ahmed Msherghi(University of Tripoli), Rabia Mubarak(Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University), Sumaira Mubarik(University of Groningen), Shiv Kumar Mudgal(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar), Syed Aun Muhammad(Bahauddin Zakariya University), Muhammad Solihuddin Muhtar(Taipei Medical University), Sukhes Mukherjee(Edge Foundation), Sumoni Mukherjee(Edge Foundation), Amartya Mukhopadhyay(National University Health System), Satinath Mukhopadhyay(Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research), M A Muktadir(North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University), Sileshi Mulatu(Bahir Dar University), Francesk Mulita(University of Thessaly), Getaneh Baye Mulu(Debre Berhan University), Chalie Mulugeta(Woldia University), Mulyadi Mulyadi(Sam Ratulangi University), Muneeb Ahmad Muneer(Allama Iqbal Medical College), Malaisamy Muniyandi(National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis), Kavita Munjal(Amity University), Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan(The University of Tokyo), Javier Muñoz Laguna(University of Zurich), Anjana Munshi(Central University of Punjab), Pradeep M Muragundi(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Michio Murakami(The University of Osaka), Yahye Hassan Muse(University of Hargeisa), Ali Mushtaq(Cleveland Clinic), Ghulam Mustafa(Shaqra University), Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa(University of Duhok), Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha(Near East University), Sathish Muthu(Orthopaedic Research Group), Muthupandian Saravanan(Fahd bin Sultan University), Claude Mambo Muvunyi(University of Rwanda), Muhammad Muzaffar(University of Lahore), Woojae Myung(Seoul National University), Amin Nabavi(University of Tennessee Health Science Center), Fatemehzahra Naddafi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mohsen Naghavi(University of Washington), Pirouz Naghavi(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Ganesh R. Naik(Flinders University), Gurudatta Naik(Flinders University), Hiten Naik(University of British Columbia), Firzan Nainu(Hasanuddin University), Sanjeev Nair(Government Medical College), Soroush Najdaghi(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Paul Nam(University of Washington), Vinay Nangia(Suraj Eye Institute), Jobert Richie Nansseu(Université de Yaoundé I), Ibrahim A Naqid(University of Zakho), Shumaila Nargus(University of Lahore), Delaram Narimani Davani(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Yvonne Ayerki Nartey(University of Bristol), Bruno Ramos Nascimento(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Gustavo G. Nascimento(National Dental Centre of Singapore), Abdallah Y. Naser(Isra University), Mohammad Y. M. Naser(Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City), Abdulqadir J. Nashwan(Hamad Medical Corporation), Hamide Nasiri(Zanjan University of Medical Sciences), Mahmoud Nassar(University of Vermont), Zuhair S. Natto(Boston University), Javaid Nauman(United Arab Emirates University), Zakira Naureen(University of Nizwa), Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna(University of Peradeniya), Anum Nawaz(Khyber Medical University), M. Omar Nawaz(Cardiff University), Biswa Prakash Nayak(Amity University), Shalini Ganesh Nayak(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Javad Nazari(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Gordon Takop Nchanji(University of Buea), Rawlance Ndejjo(Makerere University), Anthony Wainaina Ndungu(University of Nairobi), Amanuel Tebabal Nega(Bahir Dar University), A. Negash(Johns Hopkins University), Ionuţ Negoi(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Ruxandra Irina Negoi(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Alina Gabriela Negru(Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest), Jalil Nejati(Zahedan University of Medical Sciences), Chakib Nejjari(Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes), Samata Nepal(Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital), Olivia D Nesbit(University of Washington), Henok Biresaw Netsere(Bahir Dar University), Charles R. Newton(Kenya Medical Research Institute), Marie Ng(National University of Singapore), Georges Nguefack‐Tsague(Université de Yaoundé I), Josephine W Ngunjiri(University of Embu), Anh Nguyen(University of Washington), Cuong Tat Nguyen(Duy Tan University), Huong Lan Thi Nguyen(Duy Tan University), Huy‐Binh Nguyen(Duy Tan University), Nghia Nguyen(Can Tho University), Phat Tuan Nguyen(Da Nang Hospital), The Phuong Nguyen(Hitotsubashi University), Trang Nguyen(Hitotsubashi University), Tu Anh Nguyen(Hitotsubashi University), Van Thanh Nguyen(University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City), Ambe Marius Ngwa(University of Bamenda), Robina Khan Niazi(International Islamic University, Islamabad), Jing Nie(Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Luciano Nieddu(Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma), Yeshambel T. Nigatu(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Ali Nikoobar(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum(State University of Semarang), Vikram Niranjan(University of Limerick), Abebe Melis Nisro(Hawassa University), Jan René Nkeck(Université de Yaoundé I), Princess Afia Nkrumah-Boateng(University of Ghana), Chukwudi A Nnaji(University of Cape Town), Efaq Ali Noman(The University of Sydney), Shuhei Nomura(Keio University), Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor(Shahjalal University of Science and Technology), Mohammadamin Noorafrooz(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Pardis Noormohammadpour(Canadian Institute for Health Information), Mamoona Noreen(The Women University Multan), Masoud Noroozi(University of Isfahan), Jean Jacques Noubiap(University of California, San Francisco), Taylor Noyes(University of Washington), Valentine C. Nriagu(Maimonides Medical Center), Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi(Nnamdi Azikiwe University), Jean Claude Nshimiyimana(Euclid University), Fred Nugen(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Atoma Negera Nugusa(Mattu University), Mengistu H Nunemo(Wachemo University), Aqsha Nur(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Dieta Nurrika(Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education), Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu(Curtin University), Felix Kwasi Nyande(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam(University of Benin), Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam(Benson Idahosa University), Bogdan Oancea(University of Bucharest), George Obaido(Berkeley College), Erin M O'Connell(University of Washington), Adashi Margaret Odama(Washington University in St. Louis), Ramez M. Odat(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Fabio Massimo Oddi(University of Rome Tor Vergata), Ismail Ayoade Odetokun(University of Ilorin), Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya(University of Lagos), Joseph Kojo Oduro(University of Cape Coast), Michael Safo Oduro(Pfizer (United States)), Onome Bright Oghenetega(Adeleke University), Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo(University of Ibadan), Abiola Ogunkoya(University of Ibadan), James Odhiambo Oguta(University of Sheffield), Doori Oh(University of Washington), Sarah Soyeon Oh(Empowerment Program), Edel O’Hagan(The University of Sydney), Hassan Okati‐Aliabad(Zahedan University of Medical Sciences), Sylvester Reuben Okeke(The University of Sydney), Deborah Oluwatosin Okeke-Obayemi(University of Ibadan), Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle(Seoul National University), Olalekan John Okesanya(University of Thessaly), Onyinye Okoli(University of Michigan), Osaretin Christabel Okonji(University of the Western Cape), John Olayemi Okunlola(University of Johannesburg), Oluyemi Adewole Okunlola(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Oluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi(University of Ibadan), Andrew T Olagunju(University of Lagos), Oladotun Olalusi(University of Ibadan), Matthew Idowu Olatubi(University of Calgary), Arão Belitardo Oliveira(Universidade de São Paulo), Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba(Ahmadu Bello University), Erik J. Olson(University of Washington), Oluseye Oludoye(Teesside University), Ronald Olum(Johns Hopkins University), Bolajoko O. Olusanya(Centre for Healthy Start Initiative), Jacob Olusegun Olusanya(Centre for Healthy Start Initiative), Oluwafemi G Oluwole(University of Cape Town), Folorunsho Bright Omage(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), Hany A. Omar(Beni-Suef University), Goran Latif Omer(University of Rome Tor Vergata), Qi Chwen Ong(Nanyang Technological University), Sandersan Onie(Harvard University), Obinna Onwujekwe(University of Nigeria), Franklyn Opara(University College Hospital, Ibadan), Marcel Opitz(Essen University Hospital), Michał Ordak(Medical University of Warsaw), Verner N. Orish(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Raffaele Ornello(University of L'Aquila), Atakan Orscelik(University of California, San Francisco), Alberto Ortíz(Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz), Esteban Ortiz‐Prado(Universidad de Las Américas), Augustus Osborne(University of Sierra Leone), Eric Osei(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Samuel M Ostroff(University of Washington), John W. Ostrominski(Harvard University), Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu(Western Sydney University), Olayinka Osuolale(Elizade University), Godfred Otchere(University of Otago), Elham H. Othman(Applied Science Private University), Mostafa Othman(Oldham Council), Adrian Oţoiu(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Oche Joseph Otorkpa(Texila American University), Abdu Oumer(Haramaya University), Jerry John Nutor(University of California, San Francisco), Amel Ouyahia(University Ferhat Abbas of Setif), Guoqing Ouyang(Central South University), Mayowa Owolabi(University of Ibadan), Irene Amoakoh Owusu(University of Ghana), Kolapo Oyebola(Nigerian Institute of Medical Research), Tope Oyelade(University College London), Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), İlker Özşahin(Near East University), P A Mahesh(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Kevin Pacheco‐Barrios(Harvard University), Inderbir Padda(Richmond University Medical Center), Alicia Padrón‐Monedero(Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Jagadish Rao Padubidri(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Anton Pak(The University of Queensland), Pramod Kumar Pal(National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences), Tamás Palicz(Semmelweis University), Raffaele Palladino(Federico II University Hospital), Raúl Felipe Palma-Álvarez(Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari), Tejasri Paluvai(Directorate of Health), Feng Pan(University of Tasmania), Hai‐Feng Pan(Anhui Medical University), Parsa Panahi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Sujogya Kumar Panda(Siksha O Anusandhan University), Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas(Heidelberg University), Deepshikha Pande Katare(Amity University), Kun Pang(Central South University), Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan(Ministry of Health), Georgios D. Panos(University of Nottingham), Leonidas D Panos(Bern University of Applied Sciences), Ioannis Pantazopoulos(University of Bern), Giovanni Paolino(IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele), Mario Virgilio Papa(University of Padua), Ilias Papadimopoulos(Medical University of Vienna), Paraskevi Papadopoulou(National and Kapodistrian University of Athens), Utsav Parekh(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Amrita Parida(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Chulwoo Park(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Eun‐Kee Park(Kosin University), Seoyeon Park(Stanford University), Arpit Parmar(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar), Swapnil Parve(Kazan State Medical University), Ava Pashaei(University of British Columbia), Roberto Passera(Azienda Ospedaliera Citta' della Salute e della Scienza di Torino), Bhumi Hemal Patel(Physiotherapy New Zealand), Hemal M Patel(Charotar University of Science and Technology), Mitesh Patel(Marwadi University), Neel Patel(Tennessee Clinical Research Center), Satyananda Patel(Siksha O Anusandhan University), Ashlesh Patil(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur), Shankargouda Patil(Roseman University of Health Sciences), Dimitrios Patoulias(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), Apurba Patra(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Hridoy Patwary(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Hilary Paul(University of Washington), Shrikant Pawar(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Shubhadarshini Pawar(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Amy E. Peden(UNSW Sydney), Paolo Pedersini(Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation), Jarmila Pekarčíková(University of Trnava), Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito(Ateneo de Manila University), Prince Peprah(Macquarie University), João Perdigão(University of Lisbon), Gavin Pereira(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Maria Odete Pereira(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Pablo Perez-Lopez(Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Norberto Perico(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Simone Perna(University of Milan), Konrad Pesudovs(UNSW Sydney), Pavlo Petakh(Uzhhorod National University), Olumuyiwa James Peter(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha(University of Glasgow), Hoang Nhat Pham(University of Arizona), Nhat Van Pham(Sungkyunkwan University), Tung Thanh Pham(Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population), Anil K. Philip(University of Nizwa), Michael Phillips(Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Zayar Phyo(Hiroshima University), Brandon V. Pickering(University of Washington), David M. Pigott(University of Washington), Julian David Pillay(Durban University of Technology), Luane Pinheiro Pinheiro Rocha(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Zahra Zahid Piracha(Riphah International University), М. А. Пирадов(Research Center of Neurology), Edoardo Pirera(University of Palermo), Enrico Pisoni(European Commission), Dietrich Plaß(German Environment Agency), Evgenii Plotnikov(Siberian State Medical University), Indrashis Podder(College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital), Dimitri Poddighe(VinUniversity), Р. В. Полибин(Sechenov University), Péter Pollner(Semmelweis University), Ramesh Poluru(INCLEN Trust International), Arjun Pon Avudaiappan(Baptist Hospital of Miami), Constance Dimity Pond(Dementia Collaborative Research Centres), Ville Ponkilainen(Tampere University Hospital), Ion Popa(Academia Oamenilor de Știință din România), Svetlana Popova(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Djordje S. Popovic(University of Novi Sad), Maarten J. Postma(University Medical Center Groningen), Sajjad Pourasghary(Urmia University), Reza Pourbabaki(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Farzad Pourghazi(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Mohsen Poursadeqiyan(Ardabil University of Medical Sciences), Naeimeh Pourtaheri(Bam University of Medical Sciences), Ravindra Prabhu(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Sergio I. Prada(Fundación Valle del Lili), Jalandhar Pradhan(National Institute of Technology Rourkela), Pranil Man Singh Pradhan(Harvard University), Rifky Octavia Pradipta(Airlangga University), Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Chandra Prakash Prasad(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Akila Prashant(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Elton Junio Sady Prates(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Tina Priscilla(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Natalie Pritchett(University of Washington), Harsh Priya(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Hery Purnobasuki(Airlangga University), Bharathi Purohit(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Jagadeesh Puvvula(University of Pennsylvania), Nameer Hashim Qasim(Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture), Xiang Qi(New York University), Zhipeng Qi(Xuzhou Medical College), Jiayong Qiu(Henan University of Science and Technology), Quazi Syed Zahiruddin(Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research), Shahazad Niwazi Qurashi(Jazan University), R Deepthi(Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences), Navid Rabiee(Saveetha University), Basuki Rachmat(National Research and Innovation Agency), Raghu Radhakrishnan(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Venkatraman Radhakrishnan(Cancer Institute (WIA)), Maja R Radojčić(University of Manchester), Hadi Raeisi Shahraki(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Ibrar Rafique(National Institute of Health), Pankaja Raghav(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur), Pracheth Raghuveer(National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences), Leila Rahbarnia(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Fakher Rahim(Osh State University), Hawbash Mohammed-Amin Rahim(University of Human Development), Sajjad Rahimi(Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences), Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Fryad Majeed Rahman(American University of Iraq Sulaimani), Mahbubur Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Mahfuzur Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Md. Mosfequr Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Mosiur Rahman(Royal Veterinary College), Saeed Rahmani(Yale University), Masoud Rahmati(Ceres), Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Hakim Rahmoune(University Ferhat Abbas of Setif), Pramila Rai(Monash University), Diego Raimondo(Azienda USL di Bologna), Ivano Raimondo(University of Sassari), Sunil Kumar Raina(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College), Jeffrey Pradeep Raj(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Adarsh Raja(Dow University of Health Sciences), Sandesh Raja(Dow University of Health Sciences), Sathish Rajaa(Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital), Erta Rajabi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Gunaseelan Rajendran(Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital), Judah Rajendran(Cleveland Clinic), Vinoth Rajendran(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Shaman Rajindrajith(University of Colombo), Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Prashant Rajput(Centre for Chronic Disease Control), Mahmoud M. Ramadan(Mansoura University), Majed Ramadan(Mansoura University), Kadar Ramadhan(Ministry of Health), C. Ramasamy(Siddhartha Medical College), Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy(Stanford University), Sheena Ramazanu(National University of Singapore), Zahra Ramezani(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Marzieh Ramezani Farani(Inha University), Pramod W. Ramteke(Hislop College), Juwel Rana(Asian University of Bangladesh), Shailendra Singh Rana(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Chhabi Lal Ranabhat(Eastern Kentucky University), Nemanja Rančić(Augusta University), Smitha Rani(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Fatemeh Ranjbar Noei(Golestan University), Chythra R Rao(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Kumuda Rao(Nitte University), Mithun Rao(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Sowmya J Rao(MNR Dental College and Hospital), Davide Rasella(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Vahid Rashedi(University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Aziz Rasouli(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Ashkan Rasouli‐Saravani(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Prateek Rastogi(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Azad Rasul(Soran University), Devarajan Rathish(Rajarata University of Sri Lanka), Abdur Rauf(University of Swabi), Santosh Kumar Rauniyar(The University of Tokyo), Ilari Rautalin(Helsinki University Hospital), Ramin Ravangard(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Dhwani Ravi(St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences), David Laith Rawaf(Imperial College London), Salman Rawaf(Public Health England), Reza Rawassizadeh(Boston University), Ramu Rawat(International Institute for Population Sciences), Ayita Ray(Saint Vincent Hospital), Mohammad Rayati(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Iman Razeghian(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Bahman Razi(Tarbiat Modares University), Christian Razo(University of Washington), Filippo Recenti(Lund University), Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy(Valparaiso University), Elrashdy M. Redwan(King Abdulaziz University), Sanika Rege(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey), Wajiha Rehman(Universiti Sains Malaysia), Lennart Reifels(The University of Melbourne), Giuseppe Remuzzi(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Longbing Ren(Peking University), André M. N. Renzaho(Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals), Serge Resnikoff(Brien Holden Vision Institute), Luis Felipe Reyes(Universidad de La Sabana), Mina Rezaei(University of Tehran), Nazila Rezaei(Universal Scientific Education and Research Network), Negar Rezaei(Universal Scientific Education and Research Network), Nima Rezaei(Universal Scientific Education and Research Network), Mohsen Rezaeian(Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences), Taeho Greg Rhee(University of Connecticut), Mavra A Riaz(University of Lahore), Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Jennifer Rickard(University of Minnesota), Moattar Raza Rizvi(University of Delhi), Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden(University of Washington), Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha(Universidade Federal do Ceará), João Rocha Rocha-Gomes(Universidade do Porto), Mónica Rodrigues(University of Coimbra), Leonardo Roever(Universidade de São Paulo), Peter Rohloff(University of Global Health Equity), Iftitakhur Rohmah(Taipei Medical University), Susanne Röhr(UNSW Sydney), David Rojas‐Rueda(Colorado State University), Megan L. Rolfzen(University of Nebraska Medical Center), Debby Syahru Romadlon(Chulalongkorn University), Michele Romoli(Epilepsy Research UK), Marina Romozzi(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Luca Ronfani(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Jennifer Jacqueline Rosauer(University of Washington), Amirhossein Roshanshad(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Morteza Rostamian(Gonabad University of Medical Sciences), Gregory A. Roth(University of Washington), Kunle Rotimi(Alberta Health Services), Himanshu Sekhar Rout(Utkal University), Hanieh Rouzbahani(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Reza Rouzbahani(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Shiva Rouzbahani(University of Miami), Bedanta Roy(Quest International University Perak), Nitai Roy(Patuakhali Science and Technology University), Parimal Roy(Government of West Bengal), Poulami Roy(Government of West Bengal), Priyanka Roy(Government of West Bengal), Sharmistha Roy(New Mexico State University), Shubhanjali Roy(New Mexico State University), Susovan Roy Chowdhury(Washington University in St. Louis), Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy(Saveetha University), Enrico Rubagotti(Icesi University), Guilherme de Andrade Ruela(Universidade Vale do Rio Doce), Susan F. Rumisha(The Kids Research Institute Australia), Michele Russo(Ospedale SS. Annunziata), Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera(Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences), S Manjula(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), S N Chandan(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Aly M A Saad(Zagazig University), Adnan Saad Eddin(University of Alabama at Birmingham), Zahra Saadatian(Gonabad University of Medical Sciences), Maha Saber-Ayad(Cairo University), Cameron Sabet(Georgetown University), Siamak Sabour(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Kabir P. Sadarangani(Universidad Autónoma de Chile), Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Basema Ahmad Saddik(Khalifa University of Science and Technology), Bashdar Abuzed Sadee(Cihan University-Erbil), Tarannom Sadegh(University of Science and Culture), Ehsan Sadeghi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Erfan Sadeghi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Fatemeh Sadeghi‐Ghyassi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Mοhd Saeed(University of Ha'il), Umar Saeed(Near East University), Maryam Saeedi(Saveh University of Medical Sciences), Mehdi Safari(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Sare Safi(COMSATS University Islamabad), Sher Zaman Safi(COMSATS University Islamabad), Rajesh Sagar(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Mastooreh Sagharichi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Dominic Sagoe(University of Bergen), Nondo Saha(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Fatemeh Saheb Sharif‐Askari(University of Sharjah), Narjes Saheb Sharif‐Askari(University of Sharjah), Amirhossein Sahebkar(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo(Utkal University), Kirti Sundar Sahu(Canadian Red Cross Society), Muhammad Soaib Said(Universiti Sains Malaysia), Zahra Saif(Ministry of Health), S. Mohammad Sajadi(University of Mosul), Md Refat Uz Zaman Sajib(Illinois Department of Public Health), Mirza Rizwan Sajid(University of Gujrat), Morteza Saki(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Nasir Salam(Jamia Millia Islamia), Payman Salamati(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Luciane Bresciani Salaroli(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), Mohamed A. Saleh(Mansoura University), Leili Salehi(Karachi Medical and Dental College), Mahdi Salehi(Kashan University of Medical Sciences), Marwa Rashad Salem(University of Kassel), Mohammed Z Y Salem(University of Kassel), Dauda Salihu(Jouf University), Sohrab Salimi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Malik Sallam(University of Jordan), Giovanni Abrahão Salum(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Sundeep Salvi(Symbiosis International University), Hossein Samadi Kafil(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Jayami Eshana Samaranayake(Colombo North Teaching Hospital), Waqas Sami(Qatar University), Yoseph Leonardo Samodra(National Taiwan University), Vijaya Paul Samuel(Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University), Abdallah M Samy(Ain Shams University), Sandeep G Sangle(Central Forensic Science Laboratory), Elaheh Sanjari(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Sathish Sankar(Saveetha University), Francesco Sanmarchi(Azienda USL di Bologna), Francesca Sanna(The Kids Research Institute Australia), Lucas H C C Santos(Universidade de São Paulo), Milena M Santric-Milicevic(University of Belgrade), Bruno Piassi Sâo José(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Krishna Prasad Sapkota(Miami University), Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy(Software Training and Development Centre), Jacob Owusu Sarfo(University of Cape Coast), Yaser Sarikhani(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Hemen Sarma(Bodoland University), Mohammad Sarmadi(Queensland University of Technology), Gargi S. Sarode(Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Sachin C. Sarode(Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune), Satish Saroshe(Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College), Michele Sassano(University of Bologna), Brijesh Sathian(Hamad Medical Corporation), Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan(National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis), Paul A. Saunders(University of Wollongong), Mehrdad Savabi Far(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Monika Sawhney(University of North Carolina at Charlotte), Sangeeta Saxena(Coastal Carolina University), Ganesh Kumar Saya(Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research), Abu Sayeed(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Mete Şaylan(Yedikule Surp Pırgiç Ermeni Hastanesi), Chrıstophe Schınckus(Esan University), Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), R Schneider(University of Washington), Art Schuermans(KU Leuven), Austin E Schumacher(University of Washington), Ghil Schwarz(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda), David C. Schwebel(University of Alabama at Birmingham), Falk Schwendicke(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Catherine Schwinger(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Amin Sedigh(Imam Khomeini Hospital), Saravanan Sekaran(Saveetha University), Mario Šekerija(University of Zagreb), Muthamizh Selvamani(Saveetha University), Selvaraj Vimalraj(Indian Institute of Technology Madras), Yuliya Semenova(Nazarbayev University), Mohammad H. Semreen(University of Sharjah), Fikadu Waltengus Sendeku(Bahir Dar University), Yiğit Şenol(University of California, San Francisco), Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Andreea Claudia Șerban(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Edson Serván‐Mori(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Yashendra Sethi(Swami Vivekanand Subharti University), Christian Sewor(Colorado State University), Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Allen Seylani(National Institutes of Health), Matthew Seymour(University of Washington), Jamileh Shadid(The University of Queensland), Nilay S. Shah(Northwestern University), Shah Sweni(Seva Mandir), Shazlin Shaharudin(Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia), Muhammad Shahbaz(University of Karachi), Samiah Shahid(Quaid-i-Azam University), Syed Ahsan Shahid(Quaid-i-Azam University), Wajeehah Shahid(University of Lahore), Endrit Shahini(Gastroenterology Hospital "Saverio de Bellis"), Fatemeh Shahrahmani(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Hamid R. Shahsavari(Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences), Moyad Shahwan(Ajman University), Masood Ali Shaikh, Alireza Shakeri(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Ali Shakerimoghaddam(University of Neyshabur), Ali Shalash(Ain Shams University), Sunder Sham(Northwell Health), Muhammad Aaqib Shamim(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur), Farzane Shams(University of Bern), Mehran Shams-Beyranvand(Jahrom University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran(Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman), Anas Shamsi(Ajman University), Alfiya Shamsutdinova(Kazakh National Medical University), Dan Shan(Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway), Abhishek Shankar(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Mohammed Shannawaz(Amity University), Xian Shao(Southern Medical University), Amin Sharifan(Universität für Weiterbildung Krems), Javad Sharifi‐Rad(Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo), Avimanu Sharma, Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma(Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University), Bunty Sharma(Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University), Kamal Sharma(Government Medical College), Manoj Sharma(University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Sourabh Sharma(Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital), Ujjawal Sharma(Central University of Punjab), Vishal Sharma(Panjab University), Rajesh P. Shastry(Yenepoya University), Shamee Shastry(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Armin Shavandi(3E (Belgium)), Ramzi Shawahna(An-Najah National University), Maryam Shayan(Harvard University), Babangida Shehu Bappah(Federal Medical Centre), Ali Sheidaei(Center for Non-Communicable Diseases), Suchitra Shenoy(Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore), Samendra P. Sherchan(Tulane University), Suraj S Shetty(Nitte University), Fang Shi(Wenzhou Medical University), Lin‐Hong Shi(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Mosa Shibani(Glasgow Royal Infirmary), Belayneh Fentahun Shibesh(Bahir Dar University), Kenji Shibuya(Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development), Desalegn Shiferaw(Jimma University), Md Monir Hossain Shimul(Daffodil International University), Jae Il Shin(Yonsei University), Min‐Jeong Shin(Korea University), Rahman Shiri(Finnish Institute of Occupational Health), Reza Shirkoohi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Aminu Shittu(Usmanu Danfodiyo University), Abdul-karim Olayinka Shitu(Ladoke Akintola University of Technology), Ivy Shiue(University of Oulu), Velizar Shivarov(Medical University Pleven), Nathan A. Shlobin(Columbia University Irving Medical Center), Shayan Shojaei(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Zahra Shokati Eshkiki(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Azad Shokri(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Sinegugu Shongwe(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Sina Shool(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Seyed Afshin Shorofi(Flinders University), Gambhir Shrestha, Sunil Shrestha(Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital), Kerem Shuval(Texas Tech University), Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi(Mintek), Emmanuel Edwar Siddig(University of Khartoum), Mohammad Sidiq(Galgotias University), Martin Siegel(Universitätsmedizin Greifswald), Diego Augusto Santos Silva(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Gustavo Correia Basto da Silva(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), João Pedro Silva(Universidade do Porto), Juan Carlos Silva(Universidade do Porto), Luís R. Silva(University of Beira Interior), Natascia Leonardi(University of Washington), Padam Simkhada(University of Huddersfield), Abhinav Singh(University of Tasmania), Akanksha Singh(University of Tasmania), Ambrish Singh(University of Tasmania), Baljinder Singh(Central University of Punjab), Bhim Pratap Singh(Central University of Punjab), Harmanjit Singh(IFTM University), Harpreet Singh(IFTM University), Harmanjit Singh(Baylor College of Medicine), Jasvinder A. Singh(Baylor College of Medicine), Kalpana Singh(Hamad Medical Corporation), Lucky Singh(Indian Council of Medical Research), Narinder Pal Singh(Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University), Paramdeep Singh(Amity University), Poornima Suryanath Singh(Amity University), Prashant Kumar Singh(Amity University), Puneetpal Singh(Amity University), Rakesh K. Singh(Banaras Hindu University), Samer Singh(Central University of Punjab), Satwinder Singh(Central University of Punjab), Surendra Singh(Central University of Punjab), Mukesh Kumar Sinha(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Ratnesh Sinha(ESIC Hospital), Robert Sinto(University of Indonesia), Sarah Brooke Sirota(University of Washington), Søren Thorgaard Skou(University of Southern Denmark), David A. Sleet(Emory University), Erica Leigh Slepak(University of Washington), Farrukh Sobia(Jazan University), MdSalman Sohel(Daffodil International University), Somaye Sohrabi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Balamrit Singh Sokhal(University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust), Ranjan Solanki(Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine), Solikhah Solikhah(Universitas Ahmad Dahlan), Sameh S. M. Soliman(University of Sharjah), Weiyi Song(Xuzhou Medical College), Younseong Song(Harvard University), Aayushi Sood(Case Western Reserve University), Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh(Urmia University), Reed J D Sorensen(University of Washington), Joan B. Soriano(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias), Michele Sorrentino(University of Pavia), Fernando Henrique Sousa(Monash University), Marco Aurélio de Sousa(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Ceren Soylu(University of California, Los Angeles), Μichael Spartalis(National and Kapodistrian University of Athens), Sandra Spearman(University of Washington), Manraj Singh(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy(University of Ha'il), Bahadar S. Srichawla(University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy(Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University), Shyamkumar Sriram(University of North Texas), Lauryn K Stafford(University of Washington), Jeffrey D Stanaway(University of Washington), А. В. Стародубова(Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology), Simona Cătălina Ștefan(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Caroline Stein(University of Washington), Dan J Stein(South African Medical Research Council), Caitlyn Steiner(University of Washington), Timothy J. Steiner(University of Copenhagen), Jaimie D Steinmetz(University of Washington), Paschalis Steiropoulos(Democritus University of Thrace), Aleksandar Stevanović(University of Belgrade), Leo Stockfelt(University of Gothenburg), Lars Jacob Stovner(Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Kurt Straif(Boston College), Peter Stubbs(University of Technology Sydney), Yu Su(Wuhan University), Omer Subasi(Harvard University Press), Narayan Subedi(Deakin University), Cláudia Kimie Suemoto(Universidade de São Paulo), Alisha Suhag(University of Bristol), Liang Sui(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Thitiporn Sukaew(Ministry of Public Health), Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman(Tishk International University), Auwal Garba Suleiman(Ahmadu Bello University), Muritala Suleiman Odidi(Federal University of Technology Owerri), Muhammad Suleman(Xiamen University), Desy Sulistiyorini(University of Indonesia), Mark J. M. Sullman(University of Nicosia), Anusha Sultan Meo(University of Aberdeen), Zhe Sun(National University of Singapore), Jing Sun(Griffith University), Mao-ling Sun(First Hospital of China Medical University), Xiaodong Sun, Zhong Sun(Universiti Putra Malaysia), Zhuanlan Sun(Universiti Putra Malaysia), Suraj Sundaragiri(Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences), Thanigaivel Sundaram(SRM Institute of Science and Technology), Johan Sundström(Uppsala University), David Sunkersing(University College London), Sumam Sunny(Charotar University of Science and Technology), Vinay Suresh(University of Oxford), Chandan Kumar Swain(Utkal University), Vivianne Swart(University of Washington), Dayinta Annisa Syaiful(Airlangga University), Łukasz Szarpak(John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin), Mindy D Szeto(Northwestern University), Sree Sudha T Y(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar), Payam Tabaee Damavandi(Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences), Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos(Universitat de València), Seyed‐Amir Tabatabaeizadeh(Islamic Azad University, Mashhad), Shima Tabatabai(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Celine Tabche(Imperial College London), Ramin Tabibi(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Tabish(Shaqra University), Jyothi Tadakamadla(La Trobe University), Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla(Griffith University), Buhari Abdullahi Tafida(A.T. Still University), Farzad Taghizadeh‐Hesary(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Yasaman Taheri Abkenar(University of Exeter), Moslem Taheri Soodejani(Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services), Amir Taherkhani(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Jabeen Taiba(Nebraska Medical Center), Shima Tajabadi(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Iman M. Talaat(University of Sharjah), Stella Talic(Monash University), Byomkesh Talukder(Florida International University), Mircea Tampa(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi(Stellenbosch University), Jianye Tan(Chongqing Emergency Medical Center), Ker‐Kan Tan(National University of Singapore), Shynar Tanabayeva(Kazakh National Medical University), Haosu Tang(Chinese Academy of Sciences), Ekamol Tantisattamo(University of California, Irvine), Ingan Ukur Tarigan(National Research and Innovation Agency), Mengistie Kassahun Tariku(Debre Markos University), Saba Tariq(University of Faisalabad), Md. Tariqujjaman(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Nathan Y Tat(Building Engineering and Science Talent), Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Rahele Tavakoly(Bosch Health Campus), Seyed Mohammad Tavangar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mebrahtu G. Tedla(Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis), Amare Teshome Tefera(University of Gondar), Mojtaba Teimoori(Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences), Mohamad‐Hani Temsah(King Saud University), Corey Teply(University of Washington), Masayuki Teramoto(Northwestern University), Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye(University of Gondar), Azimeraw Arega Tesfu(Bahir Dar University), Jay Tewari(King George's Medical University), Alireza Teymouri(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Omar Thaher(University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum), Pugazhenthan Thangaraju(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur), Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan(Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre), Rekha Thapar(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Ismaeel Tharwat(American University in Cairo), Samar Tharwat(Mansoura University), Hadiza Theyra-Enias(Kaduna State University), Mehakpreet Thind(Hospital for Sick Children), Arun James Thirunavukarasu(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Muthu Thiruvengadam(Konkuk University), Rekha Thiruvengadam(Saveetha University), Arulmani Thiyagarajan(Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS), Nihal Thomas(Christian Medical College, Vellore), Geethika Thota(National Institutes of Health), Wei Tian(Harbin Medical University), Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu(Sam Ratulangi University), Tenaw Yimer Tiruye(University of South Australia), Madi Tleshev(Kazakh National Medical University), Musliu Adetola Tolani(Ahmadu Bello University), Sojit Tomo(All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur), Marcello Tonelli(University of Calgary), Roman Topór-Mądry(Jagiellonian University), Ali Torkashvand(Midwest Eye Institute), Mathilde Touvier(Inserm), Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone(Saveetha University), Khaled Trabelsi(University of Jordan), Eugenio Traini(Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), Mai Thi Ngoc Tran(Griffith University), Nghia Minh Tran(University of Technology Sydney), Ngoc Ha Tran(University of Technology Sydney), Quynh Thuy Huong Tran(Kansai Medical University), Tanja Tran(University of Massachusetts Dartmouth), Thang Huu Tran(University of Massachusetts Dartmouth), Nguyen Tran Minh Duc(Shiga University of Medical Science), Domenico Tricò(University of Pisa), Indang Trihandini(University of Indonesia), Samuel Tromans(University of Leicester), Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong(VinUniversity), Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen(Can Tho University), Aristidis Tsatsakis(University of Crete), Gary Tse(Medway School of Pharmacy), Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini(Dalhousie University), Lorainne Tudor Car(Imperial College London), Mike Tuffour Amirikah(Harvard University), Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu(Wake Forest University), Zhouting Tuo(Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University), Sok Cin Tye(Joslin Diabetes Center), Aniefiok John Udoakang(Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology), Atta Ullah(University of Nizwa), Himayat Ullah(Shaqra University), Irfan Ullah(Iqra University), Saeed Ullah(University of Karachi), Muhammad Umair(King Abdullah International Medical Research Center), Krishna Kishore Umapathi(Rush University), Lawan Umar(Federal Ministry of Health), Muhammad Umar(University of Lahore), Muhammad Umar(University of Lahore), Shehu Salihu Umar(Ahmadu Bello University), Andrew Underwood-Nakamura(University of Washington), Dinesh Upadhya(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Era Upadhyay, Dipan Uppal(North Shore University Hospital), Daniele Urso(King's College London), Jibrin Sammani Usman(Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Kelechi Julian Uzor(Harvard University Press), Dilber Uzun Ozsahin(University of Sharjah), Hande Uzunçıbuk(Trakya University), Pratyusha Vadagam(Johnson & Johnson (United States)), sara Vahdati(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan(University of Bahrain), Omid Vakili(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Alireza Vakilian(Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences), Pascual Valdéz, Mario Valenti(Humanitas University), Gelareh Valizadeh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Jef Van den Eynde(KU Leuven), Giloume Van Der Walt(University of Cape Town), Aaron van Donkelaar(Washington University in St. Louis), Javad Varasteh(University of Guilan), Ravi Prasad Varma(Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology), Priya Vart(University of Groningen), Tommi Vasankari(Tampere University), Sampara Vasishta(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport), Prabhakar Veginadu(The University of Sydney), Ashleigh S. Vella(UNSW Sydney), Balachandar Vellingiri(Bharathiar University), Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian(National University of Singapore), Baskar Venkidasamy(Saveetha University), Megan Verma(University of Washington), Poonam Verma(Siksha O Anusandhan University), Massimiliano Veroux(University of Catania), Georgios‐Ioannis Verras(University of Southampton), Dominique Vervoort(Johns Hopkins University), Simone Vidale(Ospedale Infermi di Rimini), Simone Villa(University of Milan), Jorge Hugo Villafañe(Universidad Europea de Madrid), David Villarreal‐Zegarra(University of Utah), Francesco Saverio Violante(IRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola), Sharath C. Vipparthy(Regional Medical Center), Rachel Visontay(The University of Sydney), Luciano Magalhães Vitorino(Centro Universitário de Itajubá), Vasily Vlassov(National Research University Higher School of Economics), Martin Vojtek(Universidade do Porto), Stein Emil Vollset(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Avina Vongpradith(University of Washington), Mehdi Vosoughi(Ardabil University of Medical Sciences), Elpida Vounzoulaki(University of Leicester), Hai Nam Vu(University of Washington), Linh Gia Vu(Vietnam National University, Hanoi), Yasir Waheed(Széchenyi István University), Mugi Wahidin(National Research and Innovation Agency), Megha Walia(Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University), Agnes Wamuyu Wamai(University of Nairobi), Jin‐Yi Wan(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Cong Wang(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Fang Wang(Xuzhou Medical College), Lei Wang(The University of Western Australia), Liang Wang(The University of Western Australia), Ruixuan Wang(University of Florida), Shaopan Wang(Capital Medical University), Shu Wang(Capital Medical University), Wei Wang(Xuzhou Medical College), Xing Wang(Wenzhou Medical University), Xuequan Wang(Wenzhou Medical University), Yanzhong Wang(Universidade de São Paulo), Yichen Wang(Universidade de São Paulo), Yuan‐Pang Wang(Universidade de São Paulo), Zhihua Wang(University of Science and Technology of China), Tanveer A. Wani(King Saud University), Mary Njeri Wanjau(Griffith University), Ahmed Bilal Waqar(University of Lahore), Muhammad Waqas(Guangdong Medical College), Paul Ward(Torrens University Australia), Toyiba Hiyaru Wassie(Bahir Dar University), Kosala Weerakoon(Rajarata University of Sri Lanka), Ishanka Weerasekara(Federation University), Fei‐Long Wei(General Hospital of Central Theater Command), Xueying Wei(Sun Yat-sen University), Robert G Weintraub(Royal Children's Hospital), Daniel J. Weiss(The Kids Research Institute Australia), Eli J. Weiss(University of Washington), Yi Feng Wen(Xi'an Jiaotong University), Andrea Werdecker(Federal Institute for Population Research), Ronny Westerman(Federal Institute for Population Research), Joanna L Whisnant(University of Washington), Harvey Whiteford(The University of Queensland), Taweewat Wiangkham(Naresuan University), Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo(University of Mannheim), Anggi Lukman Wicaksana(Universitas Gadjah Mada), Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe(University of Colombo), Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe(Rajarata University of Sri Lanka), Samuel Wiebe(University of Calgary), Angga Wilandika(Universitas 'Aisyiyah Bandung), Peter Willeit(Innsbruck Medical University), Shadrach Wilson(University of Washington), Andrew Awuah Wireko(Continental (Germany)), G. Wirtu(University of Technology Sydney), Charles Shey Wiysonge(South African Medical Research Council), Abay Tadesse Woday(Samara University), Marcin W. Wojewodzic(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Axel Walter Wolf(OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University), Tewodros Eshete Wonde(University of Technology Sydney), Yohannes Chemere Wondmeneh(Washington University in St. Louis), Daniel Tarekegn Worede(University of Kassel), Minichil Chanie Worku(University of Gondar), Nigus Kassie Worku(Dire Dawa University), Aimin Wu(Wenzhou Medical University), Chenkai Wu(Duke University), Felicia Wu(Michigan State University), James Fan Wu(Guangdong Medical College), Jiayuan Wu(Guangdong Medical College), Jinyi Wu(Guangdong Medical College), Shi‐Nan Wu(Xiamen University), Zongyin Wu(Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Yihun Miskir Wubie(Bahir Dar University), Yanjie Xia(Vanke (China)), Zhijia Xia(Chongqing Medical University), Guangqin Xiao(Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Hong Xiao(Fred Hutch Cancer Center), Na Xiao(Shandong University), Wanqing Xie(Anhui Medical University), Hongquan Xing(Nanchang University), Site Xu(University of Science and Technology of China), Suowen Xu(University of Science and Technology of China), Wanqing Xu(Tufts University), Xiang Xu(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Xiaoyue Xu(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Mukesh Yadav(Central University of Punjab), Vikas Yadav(ICMR National Institute for Research in Environmental Health), Mahnaz Yadollahi(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Sajad Yaghoubi(University of Neyshabur), Saba Yahoo(Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research), Galal Yahya(Zagazig University), Kazumasa Yamagishi(University of Tsukuba), Guangcan Yan(Harbin Medical University), Haibo Yang(Linyi People's Hospital), Weiguang Yang(Tianjin Medical University General Hospital), Xinxin Yang(Xuzhou Medical College), Yuichiro Yano(Juntendo University), Haiqiang Yao(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Laiang Yao(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Amir Yarahmadi(Thomas Jefferson University), Haya Yasin(Ajman University), Mohamed A. Yassin(Hamad Medical Corporation), Yuichi Yasufuku(The University of Osaka), Sanni Yaya(The George Institute for Global Health), Pengpeng Ye(UNSW Sydney), Meghdad Yeganeh(University of Tehran), Ali Cem Yekdeş(Trakya University), Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Kuanysh Yergaliyev(Nazarbayev University), Renjulal Yesodharan(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Subah Abderehim Yesuf(St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College), Saber Yezli(King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre), Siyan Yi(National University of Singapore), Muluken Yigezu(Dire Dawa University), Zeamanuel Anteneh Yigzaw(Bahir Dar University), Dehui Yin(Xuzhou Medical College), Yulai Yin(Nankai University), Paul Yip(University of Hong Kong), Malede Berihun Yismaw(Bahir Dar University), Yazachew Engida Yismaw(Bahir Dar University), Dong Keon Yon(Kyung Hee University), Naohiro Yonemoto(Juntendo University), Mustafa Z Younis(Universiti Putra Malaysia), Abdilahi Yousuf(Jigjiga University), Chuanhua Yu(Wuhan University), Jian Yu(Tongji University), Yong Yu(Hubei University of Medicine), Faith H Yuh(University of Washington), Ghazala Yunus(University of Ha'il), Umar Muazu Yunusa(University of Alberta), Aminu Abba Yusuf(Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Monal Yuwanati(Saveetha University), Siddhesh Zadey(Capgemini (Netherlands)), Vesna Zadnik(Institute of Oncology Ljubljana), Mubashir Zafar(University of Ha'il), Manijeh Zaghampour(Islamic Azad University, Tehran), Emilia Zainal Abidin(Universiti Putra Malaysia), Fathiah Zakham(Hodeidah University), Nazar Zaki(United Arab Emirates University), Giulia Zamagni(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Burhan Abdullah Zaman(University of Duhok), Sojib Bin Zaman(James Madison University), Abu Sarwar Zamani(Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University), Nelson Zamora(Universidad Católica Bolivia San Pablo), Aurora Zanghì(University of Catania), Heather J. Zar(South African Medical Research Council), Kourosh Zarea(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Mohammed Zawiah(Northern Border University), Mohammed G M Zeariya(Al-Azhar University), Abay Mulu Zenebe(Addis Ababa University), Sebastian Zensen(University of Duisburg-Essen), Eyael M Zeru(Johns Hopkins University), Tiansong Zhan(Xuzhou Medical College), Yongle Zhan(University of Hong Kong), Beijian Zhang(Zhongshan Hospital), Casper J. P. Zhang(University of Hong Kong), Haijun Zhang(Johns Hopkins University), Jingya Zhang(Xi'an Jiaotong University), Liqun Zhang(Dalian University of Technology), Meixin Zhang(University of Washington), Xiaoyi Zhang(Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Yunquan Zhang(Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Zhiqiang Zhang(Tianjin Medical University General Hospital), Jianhui Zhao(Zhejiang University), Sheng Zhao(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College), Zhongyi Zhao(China Medical University), Jinxin Zheng(National Institute for Parasitic Diseases), Ming‐Hua Zheng(Wenzhou Medical University), Peng Zheng(University of Washington), Claire Chenwen Zhong(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Jiayan Zhou(Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen), Juexiao Zhou(Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen), Maigeng Zhou(National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention), Bin Zhu(Southern University of Science and Technology), Zhengyang Zhu(Adama Science and Technology University), Abzal Zhumagaliuly(Kazakh National Medical University), Magdalena Zielińska(Medical University of Warsaw), Zihao Liu(Bengbu Medical College), Ghazal Zoghi(Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences), Mohamed Ali Zoromba(Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University), Zhiyong Zou(Peking University), Rafat Zrieq(Applied Science Private University), Liesl Zühlke(University of Cape Town), Lilik Zuhriyah(University of Brawijaya), Alimuddin Zumla(UCL Biomedical Research Centre), Ahed Zyoud(An-Najah National University), Sa’ed H. Zyoud(An-Najah National University), Shaher H. Zyoud(An-Najah National University), Michael Bräuer(University of British Columbia), Theo Vos(University of Washington), Christopher J L Murray(University of Washington), Emmanuela Gakidou(University of Washington)
Cited by 340Open Access
Abstract
BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.
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