The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma
C. Ricketts(National Cancer Institute), Aguirre A. de Cubas(Vanderbilt University), Huihui Fan(Van Andel Institute), Christof C. Smith(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Martin Lang(National Cancer Institute), Ed Reznik(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Reanne Bowlby(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Ewan A. Gibb(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Rehan Akbani(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Rameen Beroukhim(Broad Institute), Donald P. Bottaro(National Cancer Institute), Toni K. Choueiri(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Richard A. Gibbs(Baylor College of Medicine), Andrew K. Godwin(University of Kansas Medical Center), Scott M. Haake(Vanderbilt University), A. Ari Hakimi(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Elizabeth P. Henske(Brigham and Women's Hospital), James J. Hsieh(Washington University in St. Louis), Thai H. Ho(Mayo Clinic Hospital), Rupa S. Kanchi(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Bhavani Krishnan(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), David J. Kwiatkowski(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Wenbin Liu(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Maria J. Merino(National Cancer Institute), Gordon B. Mills(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jerome Myers(St. Anthony Hospital), Michael L. Nickerson(National Cancer Institute), Victor E. Reuter(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Laura S. Schmidt(Leidos (United States)), Carl Simon Shelley(Leukemia Research Foundation), Hui Shen(Van Andel Institute), Brian Shuch(Yale University), Sabina Signoretti(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Ramaprasad Srinivasan(National Cancer Institute), Pheroze Tamboli(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), George Thomas(Oregon Health & Science University), Benjamin G. Vincent(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Cathy D. Vocke(National Cancer Institute), David A. Wheeler(Baylor College of Medicine), Lixing Yang(Harvard University), William Y. Kim(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Lewis R. Roberts(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Rory Johnson(Oregon Health & Science University), John A. Demchok(Vanderbilt University), Ina Felau(National Cancer Institute), Melpomeni Kasapi, Martin L. Ferguson, Carolyn M. Hutter(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Heidi J. Sofia, Roy Tarnuzzer(National Cancer Institute), Zhining Wang, Liming Yang(Harvard University), Jean C. Zenklusen, Jiashan Zhang(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Sudha Chudamani(Harvard University), Jia Liu, Laxmi Lolla, Rashi Naresh, Todd Pihl, Qiang Sun, Yunhu Wan, Ye Wu, Juok Cho, Timothy Defreitas(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Scott Frazer(St. Anthony Hospital), Nils Gehlenborg(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Gad Getz, David I. Heiman(Vanderbilt University), Jaegil Kim, Michael S. Lawrence, Pei Lin, Sam Meier(Vanderbilt University), Michael S. Noble, Gordon Saksena(National Cancer Institute), Doug Voet, Hailei Zhang, Brady Bernard(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Nyasha Chambwe, Varsha Dhankani, Theo Knijnenburg, Roger Kramer, Kalle Leinonen, Yuexin Liu, Michael Miller, Sheila M. Reynolds, Ilya Shmulevich, Vésteinn Thórsson(National Cancer Institute), Wei Zhang, Rehan Akbani(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Bradley M. Broom, Apurva M. Hegde, Zhenlin Ju(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Rupa S. Kanchi(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Anil Korkut, Jun Li, Han Liang(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Shiyun Ling, Wenbin Liu(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Yiling Lu(National Cancer Institute), Gordon B. Mills(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Kwok-Shing Ng, Arvind Rao(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Michael Ryan(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jing Wang(Harvard University), John N. Weinstein, Jiexin Zhang(National Cancer Institute), Adam Abeshouse(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Joshua Armenia, Debyani Chakravarty, Walid K. Chatila, Ino de Bruijn, Galen F. Gao, Benjamin Groß, Zachary Heins(National Cancer Institute), Ritika Kundra, Konnor La, Marc Ladanyi, Augustin Luna, Moriah G. Nissan, Angelica Ochoa, Sarah Phillips, Ed Reznik(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Francisco Sánchez-Vega, Chris Sander, Nikolaus Schultz(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Robert P. Sheridan, S. Onur Sumer(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Yichao Sun, Barry S. Taylor(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Jioajiao Wang, Hongxin Zhang, Pavana Anur, Myron Peto(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Paul T. Spellman(Oregon Health & Science University), Christopher C. Benz, Joshua M. Stuart, Christopher K. Wong(Oregon Health & Science University), Christina Yau(National Cancer Institute), D. Neil Hayes, Joel S. Parker, Matthew D. Wilkerson, Adrian Ally, Miruna Balasundaram, Reanne Bowlby(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Denise Brooks, Rebecca Carlsen, Eric Chuah(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Noreen Dhalla, Robert A. Holt, Steven J.M. Jones, Katayoon Kasaian, Darlene Lee(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Yussanne Ma, Marco A. Marra, Michael Mayo, Richard A. Moore(National Cancer Institute), Andrew J. Mungall, Karen Mungall(National Cancer Institute), Lewis R. Roberts(Baylor College of Medicine), Sara Sadeghi, Jacqueline E. Schein, Payal Sipahimalani(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Angela Tam, Nina Thiessen, Kane Tse, Tina Wong(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Ashton C. Berger, Rameen Beroukhim(Broad Institute), Andrew D. Cherniack, Carrie Cibulskis, Stacey Gabriel, Galen F. Gao, Gavin Ha, Matthew Meyerson, Steven E. Schumacher(National Cancer Institute), Juliann Shih, Melanie H. Kucherlapati, Raju Kucherlapati, Stephen B. Baylin, Leslie Cope, Ludmila Danilova, Moiz S. Bootwalla, Phillip H. Lai, Dennis T. Maglinte, David Van Den Berg, Daniel J. Weisenberger, J. Todd Auman(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Saianand Balu, Tom Bodenheimer, Cheng Fan, Katherine A. Hoadley, Alan P. Hoyle(Van Andel Institute), Stuart R. Jefferys, Corbin D. Jones, Shaowu Meng, Piotr A. Mieczkowski, Lisle E. Mose, Amy H. Perou, Charles M. Perou, Jeffrey Roach, Yan Shi, Janae V. Simons, Tara Skelly(Harvard University), Matthew G. Soloway(Leukemia Research Foundation), Donghui Tan, Umadevi Veluvolu, Huihui Fan(Van Andel Institute), Toshinori Hinoue, Peter W. Laird(Van Andel Institute), Hui Shen(Van Andel Institute), Wanding Zhou, Michelle Bellair(Van Andel Institute), Kyle Chang, Kyle R. Covington, Chad J. Creighton, Huyen Dinh, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Lawrence A. Donehower, Jennifer Drummond, Richard A. Gibbs(Baylor College of Medicine), Robert Glenn, Walker Hale(Baylor College of Medicine), Yi Han(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Hai Hu, Viktoriya Korchina(National Cancer Institute), Sandra Lee(Yale University), Lora Lewis, Wei Li, Xiuping Liu, Margaret Morgan(National Cancer Institute), Donna Morton, Donna M. Muzny, Jireh Santibanez, Margi Sheth, Eve Shinbrot, Linghua Wang, Min Wang, David A. Wheeler(Baylor College of Medicine), Xi Liu(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Fengmei Zhao(Baylor College of Medicine), Julian M. Hess(Harvard University), Elizabeth L. Appelbaum, Matthew H. Bailey, Matthew G. Cordes, Li Ding, Catrina C. Fronick, Lucinda A. Fulton(National Cancer Institute), Robert S. Fulton, Cyriac Kandoth, Elaine R. Mardis(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Michael D. McLellan, Christopher A. Miller, Heather K. Schmidt, Richard K. Wilson(National Cancer Institute), Daniel Crain(Leidos (United States)), Erin Curley, Johanna Gardner, Kevin Lau(National Cancer Institute), David Mallery, Scott Morris(Leidos (United States)), Joseph Paulauskis(Baylor College of Medicine), Robert Penny(Vanderbilt University), Candace Shelton, Troy Shelton(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Mark E. Sherman, Eric M. Thompson, Peggy Yena, Jay Bowen, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Mark Gerken, Kristen Leraas, Tara M. Lichtenberg, Nilsa C. Ramirez, Lisa Wise, Erik Zmuda, Niall M. Corcoran, Tony Costello, Christopher M. Hovens, André Lopes Carvalho, Ana Carolina de Carvalho(National Cancer Institute), José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani, Adhemar Longatto‐Filho, Rui Manuel Reis, Cristovam Scapulatempo‐Neto, Henrique C.S. Silveira, Daniel Onofre Vidal, Andrew Burnette, Jennifer Eschbacher, Beth Hermes(University of Kansas Medical Center), Ardene Noss, Rosy Singh(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Matthew L. Anderson, Patricia D. Castro, Michael Ittmann, David G. Huntsman, Bernard Kohl(National Cancer Institute), Xuan Le(Baylor College of Medicine), Richard Thorp, Chris Andry(Baylor College of Medicine), Elizabeth R. Duffy(Baylor College of Medicine), Vladimir Lyadov(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Oxana Paklina, Galiya Setdikova, Shabunin Av, Mikhail Tavobilov, Christopher McPherson, Ronald E. Warnick, Ross S. Berkowitz(National Cancer Institute), Daniel Cramer, Colleen M. Feltmate, Neil S. Horowitz, Adam S. Kibel, Michael G. Muto, Chandrajit P. Raut, Andrei Malykh(National Cancer Institute), Jill S. Barnholtz‐Sloan, Wendi Barrett, Karen Devine, Jordonna Fulop, Quinn T. Ostrom, Kristen Shimmel, Yingli Wolinsky, Andrew E. Sloan, Agostino Maria De Rose, Felice Giuliante, Marc T. Goodman, Beth Y. Karlan, Curt H. Hagedorn, John Eckman, Jodi Harr, Jerome Myers(St. Anthony Hospital), Kelinda Tucker, Leigh Anne Zach(St. Anthony Hospital), Brenda Deyarmin, Hai Hu, Leonid Kvecher, Caroline Larson(Yale University), Richard Mural, Stella Somiari, Aleš Vícha, Tomáš Zelinka, Joseph Bennett, Mary Iacocca, Brenda Rabeno, Patricia Swanson, Mathieu Latour, Louis Lacombe, Bernard Têtu, Alain Bergeron, Mary McGraw, Susan M. Staugaitis, John A. Chabot, Hanina Hibshoosh, Antonia R. Sepulveda, Tao Su, Timothy C. Wang, Olga Potapova, Olga Voronina(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Laurence Desjardins, Odette Mariani, Sergio Roman‐Roman, Xavier Sastre, Marc‐Henri Stern, Feixiong Cheng, Sabina Signoretti(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Andrew Berchuck, Darell D. Bigner(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Eric Lipp(University of Kansas Medical Center), Jeffrey R. Marks, Shannon J. McCall, Roger E. McLendon, Angeles Alvarez Secord, Alexis Sharp, Madhusmita Behera, Daniel J. Brat, Amy Chen, Keith A. Delman, Seth Force(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Fadlo R. Khuri, Kelly R. Magliocca, Shishir K. Maithel, Jeffrey J. Olson, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Alan Pickens, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Dong Min Shin, Gabriel Sica, Erwin G. Van Meir, Hongzheng Zhang, Wil Eijckenboom, Ad Gillis, Esther Korpershoek(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Leendert H. J. Looijenga(National Cancer Institute), Wolter Oosterhuis, Hans Stoop, Kim E. van Kessel, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Chiara Calatozzolo, Lucia Cuppini, Stefania Cuzzubbo, Francesco DiMeco, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Luca Mattei, Alessandro Perin, Bianca Pollo, Chu Chen, J. C. Houck, Pawadee Lohavanichbutr, Arndt Hartmann, Robert Stoehr, Robert Stoehr, Helge Täubert, Sven Wach(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Bernd Wullich, Witold Kycler, Dawid Murawa, Maciej Wiznerowicz, Ki Wung Chung, W. Jeffrey Edenfield, Julie Martin(Vanderbilt University), Éric Baudin, Glenn J. Bubley(National Cancer Institute), Raphael Bueno, Assunta De Rienzo, William G. Richards, Steven N. Kalkanis, Tom Mikkelsen, Houtan Noushmehr, Lisa Scarpace, Nicolas Girard, Marta Aymerich, Elı́as Campo, Eva Giné, Armando López Guillermo, Nguyen Van Bang, Phan Thi Hanh, Bùi Đức Phú, Yufang Tang, Howard Colman, Kimberley Evason, Peter R. Dottino, John A. Martignetti, Hani Gabra, Hartmut Juhl, Teniola Akeredolu, Serghei Stepa, Dave S.�B. Hoon, Keunsoo Ahn, Koo Jeong Kang, Felix Beuschlein, Anne Breggia, Michael J. Birrer, Debra Bell(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Mitesh J. Borad(National Cancer Institute), Alan H. Bryce, Erik P. Castle, Vishal S. Chandan, John C. Cheville, John A. Copland, Michael B. Farnell, Thomas J. Flotte, Nasra H. Giama(National Cancer Institute), Thai H. Ho(Oregon Health & Science University), Michael L. Kendrick, Jean‐Pierre Kocher(Mayo Clinic Hospital), Karla Kopp(National Cancer Institute), Catherine D. Moser, David M. Nagorney, Daniel J. O’Brien, Brian Patrick O’Neill(Baylor College of Medicine), Tushar Patel, Gloria Petersen, Florencia G. Que, Michael Rivera, Lewis R. Roberts, Robert C. Smallridge(National Cancer Institute), Thomas C. Smyrk(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Melissa Stanton(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), R. Houston Thompson(Oregon Health & Science University), Michael Torbenson, Ju Dong Yang, Lizhi Zhang(National Cancer Institute), Fadi Brimo(Harvard University), Jaffer A. Ajani, Ana Maria Angulo Gonzalez, Carmen Behrens, Jolanta Bondaruk, Russell R. Broaddus, Bogdan Czerniak, Bita Esmaeli, Junya Fujimoto, Jeffrey Gershenwald, Charles Guo, Alexander J. Lazar, Christopher J. Logothetis, Funda Meric‐Bernstam, César A. Moran(National Cancer Institute), Lois M. Ramondetta, David Rice, Anil K. Sood, Pheroze Tamboli(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Timothy C. Thompson, Patricia Troncoso(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Anne S. Tsao, Ignacio Wistuba, Candace Carter(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Lauren E. Haydu, Peter Hersey, Valerie Jakrot, Hojabr Kakavand, Richard Kefford, Kenneth Lee, Georgina V. Long(Baylor College of Medicine), Graham J. Mann, Michael Quinn, Robyn P.M. Saw, Richard A. Scolyer(National Cancer Institute), Kerwin F. Shannon, Andrew J. Spillane(Baylor College of Medicine), onathan Stretch, Maria Synott(University of Kansas Medical Center), John Thompson, James S. Wilmott(National Cancer Institute), Hikmat Al‐Ahmadie, Timothy A. Chan(Washington University in St. Louis), Ronald Ghossein, Anuradha Gopalan, Douglas A. Levine, Victor E. Reuter(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Samuel Singer, Bhuvanesh Singh(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Nguyen Viet Tien, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Praveen Nair(Oregon Health & Science University), Paul Drwiega, Judy Miller, Jennifer Smith(Oregon Health & Science University), Howard A. Zaren, Joong‐Won Park(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Nguyễn Phi Hùng, Electron Kebebew, W. Marston Linehan(National Cancer Institute), Adam R. Metwalli, Karel Pacák(National Cancer Institute), Peter A. Pinto, Mark Schiffman, Laura S. Schmidt(Leidos (United States)), Cathy D. Vocke(National Cancer Institute), Nicolas Wentzensen(Leidos (United States)), Robert Worrell(National Cancer Institute), Hannah Yang, Marc Moncrieff(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Chandra Goparaju(Harvard University), Jonathan Melamed, Harvey I. Pass, Natalia Botnariuc, Irina Caraman, Mircea Cernat, Inga Chemencedji, Adrian Clipca, Serghei Doruc, Ghenadie Gorincioi, Sergiu Mura, Maria Pirtac, Irina Stancul, Diana Tcaciuc(National Cancer Institute), Monique Albert, Iakovina Alexopoulou, Angel Arnaout, John M.S. Bartlett, Jay Engel, Sébastien Gilbert, Jeremy Parfitt, Harman Sekhon, George Thomas(Oregon Health & Science University), Doris M. Rassl, Robert C. Rintoul(Oregon Health & Science University), Carlo Bifulco, Raina Tamakawa, Walter J. Urba, Nicholas K. Hayward, Henri Timmers, Anna Antenucci, Francesco Facciolo, Gian Luca Grazi, Mirella Marino, Roberta Merola, Ronald R. de Krijger, Anne‐Paule Gimenez‐Roqueplo, Alain Piché, Simone Chevalier, Ginette McKercher, Kıvanç Birsoy, Gene H. Barnett, Cathy Brewer, Carol Farver, Theresa Naska(National Cancer Institute), Nathan A. Pennell, Daniel P. Raymond, Cathy Schilero, Kathy Smolenski, Felicia Williams(National Cancer Institute), Quaid Morris, Jeffrey A. Borgia, Michael J. Liptay, Mark Pool, Christopher W. Seder, Kerstin Junker, Larsson Omberg, Mikhail Dinkin, George Manikhas, Domenico Alvaro, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi(Oregon Health & Science University), Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Eugenio Gaudio, David Chesla, Sandra Cottingham, Michael Dubina(Baylor College of Medicine), Fedor Moiseenko, Renumathy Dhanasekaran(National Cancer Institute), Karl‐Friedrich Becker, Klaus‐Peter Janssen, Julia Slotta‐Huspenina, Mohamed H. Abdel‐Rahman, Dina Aziz, Sue Bell, Colleen M. Cebulla, Amy Davis, Rebecca Duell, J. Bradley Elder(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Joe Hilty, Bahavna Kumar, James C. Lang, Norman L. Lehman, Randy Mandt(National Cancer Institute), Phuong Nguyen, Robert Pilarski, Karan Rai, Lynn Schoenfield(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Kelly Senecal, Paul E. Wakely, Paul Hansen, Ronald M. Lechan(Oregon Health & Science University), James F. Powers(Oregon Health & Science University), Arthur S. Tischler, William E. Grizzle(Washington University in St. Louis), Katherine C. Sexton, Alison Kastl, Joel Henderson, Sima P. Porten, Jens Waldmann, Martin Faßnacht, L. Sylvia, Dirk Schadendorf(National Cancer Institute), Marta Couce(National Cancer Institute), Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland, Guido Sauter, Thorsten Schlomm, Ronald Simon, Pierre Tennstedt, Oluwole Olabode(Leukemia Research Foundation), Mark A. Nelson, Oliver F. Bathe, Peter R. Carroll, June M. Chan, Philip J. DiSaia, Pat Glenn, Robin Kate Kelley, Charles N. Landen, Joanna Phillips, Michael Prados, Jeffry Simko, Karen Smith‐McCune(National Cancer Institute), Scott R. VandenBerg, Kevin K. Roggin, Ashley Fehrenbach(Vanderbilt University), Ady Kendler, Suzanne Sifri, Ruth Steele, Antonio Jimeno, Francis A. Carey, Ian Forgie, Massimo Mannelli, Michael E. Carney(Yale University), Brenda Hernandez, Benito Campos(National Cancer Institute), Christel Herold‐Mende, Christin Jungk, Andreas Unterberg, Andreas von Deimling, Aaron Bossler, Joseph Galbraith, Laura Jacobus, Michael Knudson, Tina Knutson(Leidos (United States)), Deqin Ma(National Cancer Institute), Mohammed Milhem, Rita Sigmund(National Cancer Institute), Andrew K. Godwin(University of Kansas Medical Center), Rashna Madan, Howard G. Rosenthal(University of Kansas Medical Center), Clement Adebamowo, Sally N. Adebamowo, Alex Boussioutas, David G. Beer, Thomas J. Giordano, Anne‐Marie Mes‐Masson(Baylor College of Medicine), Fred Saad(Oregon Health & Science University), Thèrése Bocklage, Lisa M. Landrum, Robert S. Mannel, Kathleen Moore, Katherine Moxley(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Russel Postier, Joan Walker, Rosemary E. Zuna, Michael D. Feldman, Federico Valdivieso, Rajiv Dhir(National Cancer Institute), James D. Luketich, Edna M. Mora Pinero, Mario Quintero-Aguilo(Washington University in St. Louis), Carlos Gilberto Carlotti, José Sebastião dos Santos, Rafael Kemp, Ajith Sankarankuty, Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli, James W.F. Catto, Kathy Agnew, Elizabeth M. Swisher(Washington University in St. Louis), Jenette Creaney, Bruce Robinson(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Carl Simon Shelley(Leukemia Research Foundation), Eryn M. Godwin, Sara Kendall(Leukemia Research Foundation), Cassaundra Shipman(University of Kansas Medical Center), Carol R. Bradford, Thomas E. Carey, Andrea Haddad, Jeffey Moyer(Oregon Health & Science University), Lisa A. Peterson, Mark E. Prince, Laura S. Rozek, Gregory T. Wolf, Rayleen Bowman(Leidos (United States)), Kwun M. Fong, Ian A. Yang, Robert J. Korst, W. Kimryn Rathmell(Harvard University), J. Leigh Fantacone-Campbell(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Jeffrey A. Hooke(Vanderbilt University), Albert J. Kovatich, Craig D. Shriver, John F. DiPersio, Bettina F. Drake, Ramaswamy Govindan, Sharon E. Heath, Timothy J. Ley, Brian A. Van Tine, Peter Westervelt(Leukemia Research Foundation), Mark A. Rubin(Yale University), Jung Il Lee, Natália D. Aredes, Armaz Mariamidze, Paul T. Spellman(Oregon Health & Science University), W. Kimryn Rathmell(Vanderbilt University), W. Marston Linehan(National Cancer Institute)
Cited by 800Open Access
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not a single disease, but several histologically defined cancers with different genetic drivers, clinical courses, and therapeutic responses. The current study evaluated 843 RCC from the three major histologic subtypes, including 488 clear cell RCC, 274 papillary RCC, and 81 chromophobe RCC. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of the RCC subtypes reveals distinctive features of each subtype that provide the foundation for the development of subtype-specific therapeutic and management strategies for patients affected with these cancers. Somatic alteration of BAP1, PBRM1, and PTEN and altered metabolic pathways correlated with subtype-specific decreased survival, while CDKN2A alteration, increased DNA hypermethylation, and increases in the immune-related Th2 gene expression signature correlated with decreased survival within all major histologic subtypes. CIMP-RCC demonstrated an increased immune signature, and a uniform and distinct metabolic expression pattern identified a subset of metabolically divergent (MD) ChRCC that associated with extremely poor survival.
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