Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars
R. C. Wiens(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Arya Udry(University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Olivier Beyssac(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Cathy Quantin‐Nataf(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), N. Mangold(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Cousin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Lucia Mandon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Tanja Bosak(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), O. Forni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. M. McLennan(Stony Brook University), V. Sautter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. J. Brown, Karim Benzerara(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. R. Johnson(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), L. E. Mayhew(University of Colorado Boulder), S. Maurice(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. B. Anderson(United States Geological Survey), S. M. Clegg(Los Alamos National Laboratory), L. S. Crumpler(New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science), T. S. J. Gabriel(United States Geological Survey), P. J. Gasda(Los Alamos National Laboratory), James Hall(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), B. Horgan(Purdue University West Lafayette), Linda C. Kah(University of Tennessee at Knoxville), Carey Legett(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Juan Manuel Madariaga(University of the Basque Country), Pierre‐Yves Meslin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Ollila(Los Alamos National Laboratory), F. Poulet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Clément Royer(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Shiv K. Sharma(University of Hawaii System), Sandra Siljeström(RISE Research Institutes of Sweden), Justin I. Simon(Johnson Space Center), T. E. Acosta-Maeda(University of Hawaii System), César Álvarez-Llamas(Universidad de Málaga), S. Michael Angel(University of South Carolina), Gorka Arana(University of the Basque Country), Pierre Beck(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Sylvain Bernard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Tanguy Bertrand(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Bruno Bousquet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Kepa Castro(University of the Basque Country), Baptiste Chide(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Elise Clavé(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), E. A. Cloutis(University of Winnipeg), Stephanie Connell(University of Winnipeg), E. Dehouck(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Gilles Dromart(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Woodward W. Fischer(California Institute of Technology), Thierry Fouchet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Raymond Francis(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. Frydenvang(University of Copenhagen), O. Gasnault(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Erin Gibbons(McGill University), Sanjeev Gupta(Imperial College London), Elisabeth M. Hausrath(University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Xavier Jacob(Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier), Hemani Kalucha(California Institute of Technology), Evan M. Kelly(University of Hawaii System), Elise Wright Knutsen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), N. Lanza(Los Alamos National Laboratory), J. J. Laserna(Universidad de Málaga), J. Lasue(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Stéphane Le Mouëlic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Richard Léveillé(McGill University), G. López-Reyes(Universidad de Valladolid), R. D. Lorenz(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), J. A. Manrique(Universidad de Valladolid), Jesús Martínez‐Frías(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Tim McConnochie(University of Maryland, College Park), Noureddine Melikechi(University of Massachusetts Lowell), D. Mimoun(Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées), Franck Montmessin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Javier Moros(Universidad de Málaga), Naomi Murdoch(Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées), P. Pilleri(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. Pilorget(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Pinet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), W. Rapin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Rull(Universidad de Valladolid), Susanne Schröder(Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)), David L. Shuster(Planetary Science Institute), R. J. Smith(Stony Brook University), Alexander Stott(Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées), Jesse Tarnas(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Nathalie Turenne(University of Winnipeg), Marco Veneranda(Universidad de Valladolid), David Vogt(Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)), B. P. Weiss(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Peter A. Willis(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), K. M. Stack(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Kenneth H. Williford(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Kenneth A. Farley(California Institute of Technology), The SuperCam Team
Cited by 139Open Access
Abstract
Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.
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