Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
Stephen R Knight(University of Edinburgh), Catherine A. Shaw(University of Edinburgh), Riinu Pius(University of Edinburgh), Thomas M Drake(University of Edinburgh), Lisa Norman(University of Edinburgh), Adesoji Ademuyiwa(University of Edinburgh), Adewale Adisa(University of Edinburgh), María Lorena Aguilera(University of Edinburgh), Sara W Al‐Saqqa(University of Edinburgh), Ibrahim Al‐Slaibi(University of Edinburgh), Aneel Bhangu(University of Edinburgh), Bruce Biccard(University of Edinburgh), Peter Brocklehurst(University of Edinburgh), Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri(University of Edinburgh), Kathryn Chu(University of Edinburgh), Anna Dare(University of Edinburgh), Muhammed Elhadi(University of Edinburgh), Cameron J. Fairfield(University of Edinburgh), J.E.F. Fitzgerald(University of Edinburgh), Dhruva Ghosh(University of Edinburgh), James Glasbey(University of Edinburgh), Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen(University of Edinburgh), JC Allen Ingabire(University of Edinburgh), T. Peter Kingham(University of Edinburgh), Marie Carmela Lapitan(University of Edinburgh), Ismaïl Lawani(University of Edinburgh), Bettina Lieske(University of Edinburgh), Richard Lilford(University of Edinburgh), Janet Martin(University of Edinburgh), Kenneth A McLean(University of Edinburgh), Rachel Moore(University of Edinburgh), Dion Morton(University of Edinburgh), Dmitri Nepogodiev(University of Edinburgh), Faustin Ntirenganya(University of Edinburgh), Francesco Pata(University of Edinburgh), Thomas Pinkney(University of Edinburgh), Ahmad Uzair Qureshi(University of Edinburgh), Antonio Ramos‐De la Medina(University of Edinburgh), Aya Riad(University of Edinburgh), Hosni Salem(University of Edinburgh), Joana Simões(University of Edinburgh), Richard T. Spence(University of Edinburgh), Neil Smart(University of Edinburgh), Stephen Tabiri(University of Edinburgh), Hannah S. Thomas(University of Edinburgh), Thomas G. Weiser(University of Edinburgh), Malcolm West(University of Edinburgh), John Whitaker(University of Edinburgh), Ewen M. Harrison, Arben Gjata, María Marta Modolo, Sebastian K. King(University of Edinburgh), Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman(University of Edinburgh), Dominique Vervoort, Ismaïl Lawani(University of Edinburgh), Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, M Sokolov, Vénérand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen(University of Edinburgh), Arnav Agarwal, Anna Dare(University of Edinburgh), Alex Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa-Cote, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Fadhili Bake, Jakov Mihanović, K Kunčarová, J Örhalmi, Hosni Salem(University of Edinburgh), Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Stephen Tabiri(University of Edinburgh), Vasileios Kalles, Maria‐Lorena Aguilera‐Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C.S. Pramesh(University of Edinburgh), Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Francesco Pata(University of Edinburgh), Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed Altibi, Ibrahim Nour(University of Edinburgh), Intisar Hisham Said Hamdun, Muhammed Elhadi(University of Edinburgh), Ali Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poškus, Justas Žilinskas, John Whitaker(University of Edinburgh), Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, Antonio Ramos‐De la Medina(University of Edinburgh), fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron I. Wells(University of Edinburgh), Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa(University of Edinburgh), Adewale Adisa(University of Edinburgh), Kjetil Søreide, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi(University of Edinburgh), Ibrahim Al‐Slaibi(University of Edinburgh), Sara Al Saqqa(University of Edinburgh), Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Marie Carmela Lapitan(University of Edinburgh), Piotr Major, Joana Simões(University of Edinburgh), António Sampaio Soares(University of Edinburgh), Matei Răzvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, A. V. Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire(University of Edinburgh), Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri(University of Edinburgh), Ahmad Gudal(University of Edinburgh), Naif A Albati, Jovan Juloski, Bettina Lieske(University of Edinburgh), Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Chu(University of Edinburgh), Rachel Moore(University of Edinburgh), Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruíz-Tóvar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa P.B. Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yücel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yüksel Altınel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, J Clements, Stephen R Knight(University of Edinburgh), Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma A. Azodo, G Wagner, Iván Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, María Marta Modolo, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, P Farina, Sebastián Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin(University of Edinburgh), Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William E Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, R Tan(University of Edinburgh), Jen Teh, Anna Wells(University of Edinburgh), Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho(University of Edinburgh), Yanru Ma(University of Edinburgh), Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, J Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, A Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan(University of Edinburgh), Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, A Duller, Jon Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney(University of Edinburgh), Anya Rugendyke(University of Edinburgh), Mahsa Sarrami, S. Stephen(University of Edinburgh), Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh(University of Edinburgh), Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua D. Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J. Cockbain, Nagendra N. Dudi‐Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy J. Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Elizabeth Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French(University of Edinburgh), Houchen Gong, M. Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber(University of Edinburgh), Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au(University of Edinburgh), Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart(University of Edinburgh), Anton Stift(University of Edinburgh), Lukas Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila S. Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O’Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frédéric Buxant, Elsa Dabin, G. Garofalo, Francis Moïse Dossou, Ismaïl Lawani(University of Edinburgh), Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaïbou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, V. Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, M Sokolov, G Todorov, E Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev(University of Edinburgh), Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Gerald Ekwen(University of Edinburgh), Steve Kyota, James Brown(University of Edinburgh), Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle(University of Edinburgh), Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He(University of Edinburgh), Amit Katz, A. Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Arnav Agarwal, Anna Dare(University of Edinburgh), Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie G. Coburn, Anna Dare(University of Edinburgh), Alisha Jaffer, Paul J. Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastián Garcés-Otero, Carolina Guzmán-Arango, Sebastián Sierra, Andrés Uribe Valencia, Paulo Cabrera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J. Pérez-Rivera, Felipe González, Andrés Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Niño Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, María Clara Mendoza Arango, Sebastián Sierra, Jacques Fadhili Bake, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Rupčić(University of Edinburgh), Vlatka Pitlović, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bačić, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanović, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Šimić, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Riffath Syed Altaf, T Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký(University of Edinburgh), Michele Bujda, Kateřina Jiránková, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah(University of Edinburgh), Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri(University of Edinburgh), Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy(University of Edinburgh), Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir(University of Edinburgh), Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El‐Sawy(University of Edinburgh), E Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem(University of Edinburgh), Nourhan Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad El-Sayed, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Sara Eslam(University of Edinburgh), Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim(University of Edinburgh), Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, F Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan(University of Edinburgh), Helal F. Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed M. Ibrahim(University of Edinburgh), Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali(University of Edinburgh), Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Farag Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny(University of Edinburgh), Eman Ibrahim(University of Edinburgh), Ahmed M.Yonis, M Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed(University of Edinburgh), Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander(University of Edinburgh), Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khaled M. Abbas, Amr Ali(University of Edinburgh), Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily, Ahmed Hossam Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Hany Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni(University of Edinburgh), Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, A Mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy(University of Edinburgh), Dina Raafat(University of Edinburgh), Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed Kandil, M. R. MOAWAD, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa A Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail(University of Edinburgh), Islam H. Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria(University of Edinburgh), Mohammad Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Jyri Teras, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz(University of Edinburgh), Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Aristotelis Kechagias, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoué, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Élodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, B. Dousset, Sébastien Gaujoux, Grégory Martin(University of Edinburgh), Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Stephen Tabiri(University of Edinburgh), Paul Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Άννα Πασπάλα(University of Edinburgh), Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ιωάννα Ακρίδα, Maria‐Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Vasileios Kalles, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitriοs Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, A García Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martínez, Gustavo Recinos, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Maria‐Lorena Aguilera‐Arevalo, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, Zsolt Baranyai, Dávid Bárdos, Márton Benke, Kristof Illes, Bálint Kokas, Réka P. Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, J. J. Alapatt(University of Edinburgh), Abhay K. Kattepur, Nizamudheen M Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris(University of Edinburgh), Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, C S Archana, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, M R Rashmi, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, S Vinay(University of Edinburgh), Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, V Sushmita(University of Edinburgh), Peter Adidharma(University of Edinburgh), Raksheeth Agarwal, Radhian Amandito, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto(University of Edinburgh), Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar(University of Edinburgh), Mazin A Abdulla, M Coleman, Ronan J. Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Áine Stakelum, D. C. Winter(University of Edinburgh), Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan(University of Edinburgh), Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan(University of Edinburgh), Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather(University of Edinburgh), Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris A. Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, N Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O’Neill, Siobhán Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, G Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata(University of Edinburgh), Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato F. Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, S.M.M. Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, L. Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi(University of Edinburgh), Sara Di Maso(University of Edinburgh), Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello(University of Edinburgh), Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, G Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco(University of Edinburgh), Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, G Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata(University of Edinburgh), F. Colombo(University of Edinburgh), Diego Foschi, Giulia Lamperti, Anna Maffioli(University of Edinburgh), Gianluca M. Sampietro, Al’ona Yakushkina, G Zaffaroni, Luca Ansaloni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli(University of Edinburgh), Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, G Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, A Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Alessandra Belvedere, S. Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, A Costanzo(University of Edinburgh), Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Gianluca Pellino, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi(University of Edinburgh), Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad Albsoul(University of Edinburgh), Ala’a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M. S. El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Masad Melhem, Ibrahim Nour(University of Edinburgh), Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat(University of Edinburgh), Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani Hani, Zeina Bani Hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra’fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan J. Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al‐Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth B. Mwachiro, Robert K. Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, A Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Maaly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, R Ismail(University of Edinburgh), Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, H Mustafa, P. Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi(University of Edinburgh), AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, S Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Saleh Abujamra, Hazem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi(University of Edinburgh), Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevičius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agnė Čižauskaitė, Šarūnas Dailidėnas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautienė, Narimantas Evaldas Samalavičius, Dainius Šimčikas, Algirdas Šlepavičius, Albinas Tamošiūnas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Žeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Eglė Kubiliūtė, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Paršeliūnas, A Subocius, Donatas Venskutonis, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikytė, Algirdas Boguševičius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepulienė, Ieva Ceslevičienė, Vaidotas Čėsna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavičius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitė, Matas Pažūsis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryžauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitė, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Precious Malemia, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan(University of Edinburgh), Tan Shong Sheng(University of Edinburgh), Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng(University of Edinburgh), Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern(University of Edinburgh), P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang(University of Edinburgh), Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian(University of Edinburgh), Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng(University of Edinburgh), Yuki Julius Ng, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter(University of Edinburgh), Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaıdı Zakarıa, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Chen-Ken Seak, Sui‐Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Elaine Borg, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja(University of Edinburgh), Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Sarah Ellul, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman(University of Edinburgh), Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa‐Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Valle, Eric Acosta(University of Edinburgh), Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortés‐Flores, Clotilde Fuentes‐Orozco, Alejandro González‐Ojeda, Samantha Gonzalez, Laura Martínez, Antonio Ramos‐De la Medina(University of Edinburgh), Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Andrez Felipe Cubides Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jiménez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Álvarez‐Cano, Héctor Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina‐Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado‐Nesme, Omar Vergara‐Fernández, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernández Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan‐Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Amine Souadka, Amine Benkabbou, Mohammed Anass Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik(University of Edinburgh), Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin(University of Edinburgh), David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, Anna J. Alberga(University of Edinburgh), Nina R. Sluiter, Jurriaan B. Tuynman, Robin D. Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne C. Kalff, M E Stellingwerf, Pieter J. Tanis, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen(University of Edinburgh), EM Meima-van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael F. Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, E. Westerduin, J. de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz L. J. van Schilt, Frank C. den Boer, Simone Joanna-Maria Stoots, Stijn L. Vlek, J Adams, Ibrahim S. Al‐Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu(University of Edinburgh), Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards(University of Edinburgh), Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael J. Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi(University of Edinburgh), Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty‐John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman(University of Edinburgh), Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Akau Kache(University of Edinburgh), Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale(University of Edinburgh), Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu(University of Edinburgh), A. R. K. Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa(University of Edinburgh), Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile(University of Edinburgh), Taiwo Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen Garba(University of Edinburgh), Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Charles Umoke, Adedire Timilehin Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed A. Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza(University of Edinburgh), Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Zeeshan Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi(University of Edinburgh), Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, A Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, S H Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Nimer Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad N. Alswerki, Dina Ashour(University of Edinburgh), Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub(University of Edinburgh), Rami A. Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah K S Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad G Hammouri(University of Edinburgh), Fatima Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Ismail Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem(University of Edinburgh), Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A. Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra(University of Edinburgh), Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa(University of Edinburgh), Ahmad Shaheen(University of Edinburgh), Dana Aljaber, Loay M. AlJaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua`ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, L. Stuart Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, D Escobar, Gustavo M. Machaín, Agustín Rodríguez González, Jorge Emerson Chachaima-Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Milagros Niquen-Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara(University of Edinburgh), Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda‐Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, C Lopez, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, A M Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala Wong, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela S. Macalindong, Mark Augustine S. Onglao, Arjel D. Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin T. Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy(University of Edinburgh), Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut(University of Edinburgh), Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Paweł Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik(University of Edinburgh), Anna Lasek(University of Edinburgh), Piotr Major, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa(University of Edinburgh), Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub‐Pokrowiecka(University of Edinburgh), Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Wałędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio(University of Edinburgh), I Guerreiro(University of Edinburgh), F Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Teresa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães(University of Edinburgh), Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos(University of Edinburgh), Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, José Costa‐Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira(University of Edinburgh), Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Sousa, Sara Catarino(University of Edinburgh), Ana Logrado(University of Edinburgh), André Tojal, E Amorim, Miguel F Cunha, A Fazenda(University of Edinburgh), J P Melo Neves, Inês Miguel, D Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Louro, Mariana Leite, José Azevedo, Maria Menezes(University of Edinburgh), Bárbara Gama, Diana Vieira Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Miguel Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano(University of Edinburgh), Mariana Silva Leite, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaísa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Steffany Bernardo Oliveira, Hugo da Costa Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira(University of Edinburgh), Joana Patrício(University of Edinburgh), Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, M Claro, Daniel Costa dos Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baião, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, A Valente da Costa(University of Edinburgh), Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga(University of Edinburgh), Inês Rita Capunge(University of Edinburgh), Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, J Ribeiro, Miguel Ángel, Guilherme Fialho, Mónica Guerrero, Filipa Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem(University of Edinburgh), Tiago Louro, Claúdia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, D Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta(University of Edinburgh), João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha(University of Edinburgh), Mircea Beuran, Matei Răzvan Bratu, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionuţ Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny O. Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, V. A. Ivanov, З. З. Мамедли, С. И. Ачкасов, A. A. Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, М. А. Нагудов, Е. Г. Рыбаков, К Р Сайфутдинова, О. И. Сушков, A. V. Vardanyan, Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri(University of Edinburgh), Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, JC Allen Ingabire(University of Edinburgh), Faustin Ntirenganya(University of Edinburgh), Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi(University of Edinburgh), Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja(University of Edinburgh), Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Bâ, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, V Cuk, U Janković, Jovan Juloski, Sharon Koh, Frederick H. Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Bettina Lieske(University of Edinburgh), Su Ann Lui, Prajwala S. Prakash, Jan Grosek(University of Edinburgh), Gregor Norčič, Aleš Tomažič, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Z Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Stephanie Van Straten, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, G Chinnery, Anna Coccia(University of Edinburgh), Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, C. Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Richard T. Spence(University of Edinburgh), T Van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba(University of Edinburgh), Yoshan Moodley, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Kathryn Chu(University of Edinburgh), Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo José De Castro Parga, Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Miguel Arce Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García-Señoráns, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sánchez‐Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Asnel Dorismé, I Cifrián Canales, Elisa Contreras Sáiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández‐Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Flórez, Carmen García Gutiérrez, M García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, María Moreno Gijón(University of Edinburgh), Jorge L. Otero‐Díez, José L. Rodicio, Lorena Solar-García, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truán, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jiménez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro‐Sánchez(University of Edinburgh), Víctor Manuel Vega Benítez, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, C Jezieniecki, Ana Moran, M. Montes-Manrique, M. Rodríguez-López, M Ruiz Soriano(University of Edinburgh), J Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Núria Argudo, Miguél Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, I Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García‐Catalá, Luis Sánchez‐Guillén, Eva Artigau, Núria Gómez, David Julià, Beatriz Espina, O. Morató, Carles Olona, B Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Ángel Gómez‐Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Sánchez Martínez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá‐Llorente, Álvaro Pérez-Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martínez, Juan Carlos Sebastián‐Tomás, Ramón Trullenque Juan, A Gegúndez Simón, P Maté, I. Nieto, Inés Rubio‐Pérez(University of Edinburgh), Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Álvaro García‐Granero, Alfredo Abad‐Gurumeta, Ane Abad‐Motos(University of Edinburgh), Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés‐Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, L García-Sancho, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Antonio Picardo, José Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernández, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, María José Fernández-Díaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gómez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Lidia Cristóbal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco‐Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martín Espinosa-Bravo(University of Edinburgh), Clara Morales-Comas, Eduardo Reyes, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Sisó, Mireia Verdaguer-Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed Adam, Mahmoud Saleh, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Yücel Cengiz, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani(University of Edinburgh), Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz F. Grochola, F. Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek(University of Edinburgh), Katharina Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Daniel Clerc, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi(University of Edinburgh), Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain(University of Edinburgh), Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara(University of Edinburgh), Ahmad Alhaj(University of Edinburgh), Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Darjazini Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad(University of Edinburgh), Habib Wakkaf, Hanen Bouaziz, Hatem Bouzaiène, Montassar Ghalleb, E Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltacı, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Doğruöz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, G K Kurtoglu, Volkan Özben, Berk B. Özmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Barış Bengür, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatlı, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Güneş, Nuri Alper Şahbaz, Tuba Banaz, K Kargici, Ömer Faruk Kuyumcu, E Yanikoglu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yılmaz, M K Aktas, Ahmet Rencüzoğulları, Arda Işık, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçınkaya(University of Edinburgh), Osman Yüksel, Mustafa Uygar Kalaycı, Yasi̇n Kara, Inanc Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadır Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Çalık, Bahar Candaş Altınbaş, İrem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Güner(University of Edinburgh), Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyılmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yıldırım, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kırımtay, Muhammed Uysal(University of Edinburgh), Alp Yıldız, Emin Köse, Ahmet Burak Çiftçi, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gültekin Ozan Küçük, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Bienfait Mumbere Vahwere, Herman Lule, Emmanuel Bua, Matthew Doe, Noela Regina Akwi Okalany, Arianna Birindelli, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Maryna Freigofer, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, D. Yu. Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi(University of Edinburgh), Andrii Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce(University of Edinburgh), Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, S McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, F Belais, Eman Butt, K. Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw(University of Edinburgh), A Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, M Husain, Elspeth Murray, A Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Zehra Juma, Sarah Mills, Laura J. Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt(University of Edinburgh), Ella Teasdale, Stephen Boyce(University of Edinburgh), Hannah Louisa Cornwall(University of Edinburgh), Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, N Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee(University of Edinburgh), Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jian Shen Kiam, Gerald Tan(University of Edinburgh), Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph W. Nunoo‐Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, D R Andrew, Amanda Koh, A. Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, O Ekpete, Seraj Zohurul Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim(University of Edinburgh), Thummini Jayasinghe, J Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Shao‐Weng Tan(University of Edinburgh), Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, K Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker(University of Edinburgh), Fady Yanni, Mahmoud S. Ali(University of Edinburgh), Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, N. Kumarasinghe, Munir Ahmad Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, O Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Aneel Bhangu(University of Edinburgh), James Glasbey(University of Edinburgh), Ewen A. Griffiths(University of Edinburgh), Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Dmitri Nepogodiev(University of Edinburgh), Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Ng(University of Edinburgh), Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, A Rose(University of Edinburgh), Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom(University of Edinburgh), Michael Hanna(University of Edinburgh), Catherine Walter(University of Edinburgh), Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel L.C. Mitchell(University of Edinburgh), Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford(University of Edinburgh), Susan Moug, James Blackwell(University of Edinburgh), Hannah Boyd‐Carson(University of Edinburgh), P Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock(University of Edinburgh), Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, B Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng(University of Edinburgh), Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Cameron J Fairfield(University of Edinburgh), Ewen M. Harrison(University of Edinburgh), Emma V. Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke(University of Edinburgh), Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, E. Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel(University of Edinburgh), Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William P. Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel A Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, H Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Jane Sanders-Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj(University of Edinburgh), Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, K Ahmad(University of Edinburgh), Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming(University of Edinburgh), Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, D Speake, P G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas(University of Edinburgh), Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Obinna Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre‐Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio B. Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S. Foster, Kenneth H. Perrone(University of Edinburgh), Ashley L. Titan, Thomas G. Weiser(University of Edinburgh), Sarwat Ahmad(University of Edinburgh), Andrea C. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna(University of Edinburgh), Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark R. Hemmila(University of Edinburgh), Lena M. Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia M. Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry M. Wren, Taylor D. Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin E. Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes(University of Edinburgh), Daniel González González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolín, Nicolás Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, G Wagner, Garg Deepika, Mayaba Maimbo, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Mulamba Changachanga Kabongo, David Linyama, James Munthali(University of Edinburgh), Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno(University of Edinburgh), Erick Chan, Log Tung Lai(University of Edinburgh), Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards(University of Edinburgh), Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali(University of Edinburgh), Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, E Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck(University of Edinburgh), Houénoukpo Koco, S Lawani(University of Edinburgh), Mekuanint Terefe Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, P Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Tim Divine Bonghaseh, Maryam Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Arnav Agarwal, Verónica Acevedo, Andréa Barbosa, Felipe Girón, J Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Roško, Neven Baršić, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimír Frýba, Mohamed Mostafa, Ahmed Maher Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem(University of Edinburgh), Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Élisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, EMT Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia‐Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, A. Cabal García, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, B L Ashika, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O’Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea S. Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem(University of Edinburgh), Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytė Damulevičienė, Saulius Švagždys, Tomas Poškus, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Li‐Ying Teoh, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Lopez, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian P. Bastiaenen, S J Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji(University of Edinburgh), Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed(University of Edinburgh), Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Khalil Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa(University of Edinburgh), Luis Da Silva Medina, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Marie Carmela Lapitan(University of Edinburgh), Marie Dione Sacdalan, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Antônio Muniz Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes(University of Edinburgh), Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre(University of Edinburgh), Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Ferreira(University of Edinburgh), Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Carolina Maciel Vieira(University of Edinburgh), Inês Mónica(University of Edinburgh), M Bravo Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins(University of Edinburgh), Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos(University of Edinburgh), Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Lígia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Д. Г. Шахматов, Yves Nezerwa, R Radulović, Rachel Moore(University of Edinburgh), Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez(University of Edinburgh), Enrique Moncada, María Fernández-Hevia(University of Edinburgh), Carolina Martínez, Julia Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytaç, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, İsmail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygın Altıner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim ŞAVLI, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, H Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon(University of Edinburgh), Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann(University of Edinburgh), Daniel T. Watts, B Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi(University of Edinburgh), Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, I. R. Daniels, Nathan Ng(University of Edinburgh), Shivun Khosla, James Olivier(University of Edinburgh), Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Yegor Tryliskyy, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor J. Peck, G Wagner, Mauro Perdomo, Iván Trostchansky, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Stephen R Knight(University of Edinburgh), Thomas M Drake(University of Edinburgh), Dmitri Nepogodiev(University of Edinburgh), J.E.F. Fitzgerald(University of Edinburgh), Adesoji Ademuyiwa(University of Edinburgh), Philip Alexander, JC Allen Ingabire(University of Edinburgh), Sara W Al‐Saqqa(University of Edinburgh), Bruce Biccard(University of Edinburgh), Giuliano Borda‐Luque, David W Borowski, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu(University of Edinburgh), Damian Clarke, Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri(University of Edinburgh), Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson(University of Edinburgh), Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede(University of Edinburgh), O. James Garden, Dhruv Ghosh(University of Edinburgh), James Glasbey(University of Edinburgh), T. Peter Kingham(University of Edinburgh), Hosni Salem(University of Edinburgh), Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Modise Zacharia Koto, Marie Carmela Lapitan(University of Edinburgh), Ismaïl Lawani(University of Edinburgh), Chiapo Lesetedi, Maria‐Lorena Aguilera‐Arevalo, Charles Mabedi, Mayaba Maimbo, Laura Magill, Felix Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Janet Martin(University of Edinburgh), Antonio Ramos‐De la Medina(University of Edinburgh), Mark Monahan(University of Edinburgh), Rachel Moore(University of Edinburgh), Vanessa Msosa, Soloman Mulira, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Adewale Adisa(University of Edinburgh), Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Riinu Pius(University of Edinburgh), Ahmad Uzair Qureshi(University of Edinburgh), Sarah Rayne, Tracey Roberts, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Catherine A. Shaw(University of Edinburgh), Neil Smart(University of Edinburgh), Martin Smith(University of Edinburgh), Richard T. Spence(University of Edinburgh), Stephanie Van Straten, Stephen Tabiri(University of Edinburgh), Viki Tayler, Thomas G. Weiser(University of Edinburgh), John A. Windsor(University of Edinburgh), Joseph Yorke, Raul Yepez, Richard Lilford(University of Edinburgh), Dion Morton(University of Edinburgh), Aneel Bhangu(University of Edinburgh), Sudha Sundar, Ewen M. Harrison, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, H. Kimura, Andrey Litvin, Mugisha Nkoronko, Ibrahim Nour(University of Edinburgh), Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, G Pagano, Francesco Pata(University of Edinburgh), Wei Pin Hung(University of Edinburgh), Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Sebastian Shu Yip, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini(University of Edinburgh), Dominique Vervoort, Jean Wilguens Lartigue
Cited by 33Open Access
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. METHODS: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. FINDINGS: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58-5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23-0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. INTERPRETATION: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. FUNDING: National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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