Brain charts for the human lifespan
Richard A. I. Bethlehem(MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit), Jakob Seidlitz(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Simon R. White(University of Cambridge), Jacob W. Vogel(Lifespan), Karen Anderson(Yale University), Chris Adamson(Murdoch Children's Research Institute), Sophie Adler(Great Ormond Street Hospital), George S. Alexopoulos(Cornell University), Evdokia Anagnostou(University of Toronto), Ariosky Areces-González(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), Duncan E. Astle(MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit), Bonnie Auyeung(University of Cambridge), Muhammad Ayub(Queen's University), Ji Hyun Bae(Seoul National University Bundang Hospital), Gareth Ball(The University of Melbourne), Simon Baron‐Cohen(University of Cambridge), Richard Beare(Murdoch Children's Research Institute), Saashi A. Bedford(University of Cambridge), Vivek Benegal(National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences), Frauke Beyer(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences), John Blangero(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), Manuel Blesa(MRC Centre for Reproductive Health), J. P. Boardman(MRC Centre for Reproductive Health), Matthew Borzage(University of Southern California), Jorge Bosch‐Bayard(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), Niall Bourke(UK Dementia Research Institute), Vince D. Calhoun(Georgia Institute of Technology), M. Mallar Chakravarty(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), C. Chen(Penn Center for AIDS Research), Casey Chertavian(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Gaël Chételat(Inserm), Yap Seng Chong(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), James H. Cole(UK Dementia Research Institute), Aiden Corvin(Trinity College Dublin), Manuela Costantino(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), E. Courchesne(University of California San Diego), Fabrice Crivello(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Vanessa Cropley(The University of Melbourne), Jennifer Crosbie(Hospital for Sick Children), Nicolás Crossley(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Marion Delarue(Inserm), Richard Delorme(Institut Pasteur), Sylvane Desrivières(King's College London), Gabriel A. Devenyi(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), Maria A. Di Biase(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Raymond J. Dolan(Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging), Kirsten A. Donald(University of Cape Town), Gary Donohoe(Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway), Katharine Dunlop(Cornell University), A. David Edwards(King's College London), Jed T. Elison(University of Minnesota), Cameron T. Ellis(Haskins Laboratories), Jeremy A. Elman(University of California San Diego), Lisa T. Eyler(University of California San Diego), Damien A. Fair(University of Minnesota), Eric Feczko(University of Minnesota), Paul C. Fletcher(University of Cambridge), Peter Fonagy(Anna Freud Centre), Carol E. Franz(University of California San Diego), Lídice Galán‐Garcia(Cuban Neuroscience Center), Ali Gholipour(Boston Children's Hospital), Jay N. Giedd(University of California San Diego), John H. Gilmore(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), David C. Glahn(Boston Children's Hospital), Ian Goodyer(University of Cambridge), P. Ellen Grant(Boston Children's Hospital), Nynke A. Groenewold(University of Cape Town), Faith M. Gunning(Cornell University), Ruben C. Gur(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), R. C. Gur(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Christopher Hammill(Hospital for Sick Children), Oskar Hansson(Lund University), Trey Hedden(Harvard University), Andreas Heinz(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), R. N. Henson(MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit), Katja Heuer(Université Paris Cité), Jacqueline Hoare(University of Cape Town), Bharath Holla(Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine), Avram J. Holmes(Yale University), Rosemary Holt(University of Cambridge), Hao Huang(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), K. Im(Boston Children's Hospital), Jonathan Ipser(University of Cape Town), C. R. Jack(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Andrea Parolin Jackowski(National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing), Tianye Jia(King's College London), K. A. Johnson(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Peter B. Jones(University of Cambridge), D. T. Jones(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), R. S. Kahn(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Hasse Karlsson(University of Turku), Linnéa Karlsson(University of Turku), Ryuta Kawashima(Tohoku University), Elizabeth W. Kelley(Queen's University), S.J. Kern(Sahlgrenska University Hospital), Ki Woong Kim(Seoul National University), Manfred G. Kitzbichler(University of Cambridge), William S. Kremen(University of California San Diego), François Lalonde(National Institute of Mental Health), Brigitte Landeau(Inserm), Seonjoo Lee(Seoul National University), Jason P. Lerch(University of Toronto), Jeffery D. Lewis(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), J. Li(University of Minnesota), Wei Liao(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), Conor Liston(Cornell University), M. V. Lombardo(University of Cambridge), Jinglei Lv(The University of Sydney), Charles J. Lynch(Cornell University), Travis T. Mallard(The University of Texas at Austin), Machteld Marcelis(Maastricht University Medical Centre), Ross D. Markello(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), Samuel R. Mathias(Boston Children's Hospital), B. Mazoyer(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Philip McGuire(King's College London), Michael J. Meaney(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), Andrea Mechelli(Bordeaux Population Health), N. Medic(University of Cambridge), B. Misic(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), Sarah E. Morgan(University of Cambridge), David Mothersill(National College of Ireland), J. Nigg(Oregon Health & Science University), Marcus Qin Wen Ong(National University of Singapore), Cynthia M. Ortinau(Washington University in St. Louis), Rik Ossenkoppele(Lund University), Minhui Ouyang(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Lena Palaniyappan(Western University), Léo Paly(Inserm), P. M. Pan(Support group for adolescents and children with cancer), Christos Pantelis(The University of Melbourne), MinTae Park(Western University), Tomáš Paus(University of Toronto), Z. Pausova(University of Toronto), Deirel Paz-Linares(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), Alexa Pichet Binette(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), Karen Pierce(University of California San Diego), Qian‐Xing Zhuang(National University of Singapore), J. Qiu(Southwest University), Anqi Qiu(Southwest University), Armin Raznahan(National Institute of Mental Health), Timothy Rittman(University of Cambridge), Amanda Rodrigue(Boston Children's Hospital), C. K. Rollins(Boston Children's Hospital), Rafael Romero-García(University of Cambridge), Lisa Ronan(University of Cambridge), Monica D. Rosenberg(University of Chicago), David H. Rowitch(Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute), Giovanni Abrahão Salum(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Theodore D. Satterthwaite(Lifespan), H. Lina Schaare(Forschungszentrum Jülich), Russell Schachar(Hospital for Sick Children), Aaron P. Schultz(Harvard University), G. Schumann(Fudan University), Michael Schöll(UK Dementia Research Institute), David Sharp(UK Dementia Research Institute), Russell T. Shinohara(Penn Center for AIDS Research), Ingmar Skoog(Sahlgrenska University Hospital), Christopher D. Smyser(Washington University in St. Louis), R. A. Sperling(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Dan J. Stein(South African Medical Research Council), Aleks Stolicyn(University of Edinburgh), John Suckling(University of Cambridge), Gemma Sullivan(MRC Centre for Reproductive Health), Yasuyuki Taki(Tohoku University), B. Thyreau(Tohoku University), Roberto Toro(Institut Pasteur), N. Traut(Institut Pasteur), Kamen A. Tsvetanov(University of Cambridge), N. B. Turk-Browne(Yale University), Jetro J. Tuulari(University of Turku), Christophe Tzourio(Université de Bordeaux), Étienne Vachon‐Presseau(McGill University), Mitchell Valdés-Sosa(Cuban Neuroscience Center), Pedro A. Valdés‐Sosa(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), S. L. Valk(Forschungszentrum Jülich), Thérèse van Amelsvoort(Maastricht University), Simon Vandekar(Vanderbilt University), Lana Vasung(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), Lindsay W. Victoria(Cornell University), Sylvia Villeneuve(Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital), Arno Villringer(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences), Petra E. Vértes(University of Cambridge), Konrad Wagstyl(Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging), Y. S. Wang(Beijing Normal University), Simon K. Warfield(Boston Children's Hospital), V. Warrier(University of Cambridge), Eric Westman(Karolinska Institutet), M. L. Westwater(University of Cambridge), Heather C. Whalley(University of Edinburgh), A. Veronica Witte(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences), N. Yang(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), B.T. Thomas Yeo(National University of Singapore), Hyuk Jin Yun(Boston Children's Hospital), A. Zalesky(The University of Melbourne), Heather J. Zar(University of Cape Town), Anna Zettergren(University of Gothenburg), Juan Zhou(National University of Singapore), Hisham Ziauddeen(University of Cambridge), André Zugman(National Institutes of Health), Xi‐Nian Zuo(Beijing Normal University), 3R-BRAIN(Austin Health), AIBL(University of Geneva), C. Rowe(McGill University), Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(University of Cambridge), Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Giovanni B. Frisoni, CALM Team, Cam-CAN, CCNP, COBRE, cVEDA, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age Working Group, Developing Human Connectome Project, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, IMAGEN, KNE96, NSPN, POND, A. Pichet Binette(Douglas Mental Health University Institute), VETSA, Edward T. Bullmore(University of Cambridge), Aaron Alexander‐Bloch(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
Cited by 1,752Open Access
Abstract
Abstract Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight 1 . Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories 2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones 3 , showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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