GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
B. P. Abbott(California Institute of Technology), R. Abbott(California Institute of Technology), T. D. Abbott(Louisiana State University), S. Abraham(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), F. Acernese(University of Salerno), K. Ackley(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), C. Adams(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. X. Adhikari(California Institute of Technology), V. B. Adya(Leibniz University Hannover), C. Affeldt(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Agathos(University of Cambridge), K. Agatsuma(University of Birmingham), N. Aggarwal(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), O. D. Aguiar(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. Aiello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), A. Ain(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), P. Ajith(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), B. Allen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), A. Allocca(University of Pisa), M. Á. Aloy(Universitat de València), P. A. Altin(Australian National University), A. Amato(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Ananyeva(California Institute of Technology), S. B. Anderson(California Institute of Technology), W. G. Anderson(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. V. Angelova(University of Strathclyde), S. Antier(Université Paris-Sud), S. Appert(California Institute of Technology), K. Arai(California Institute of Technology), M. C. Araya(California Institute of Technology), J. S. Areeda(California State University, Fullerton), M. Arène(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), N. Arnaud(Université Paris-Sud), K. G. Arun(Chennai Mathematical Institute), S. Ascenzi(University of Rome Tor Vergata), G. Ashton(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), S. M. Aston(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Astone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), F. Aubin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Aufmuth(Leibniz University Hannover), K. AultONeal(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), C. Austin(Louisiana State University), V. Avendano(Montclair State University), A. Avila-Alvarez(California State University, Fullerton), S. Babak(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Bacon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Badaracco(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), M. K. M. Bader(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), S. Bae(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), P. T. Baker(West Virginia University), F. Baldaccini(University of Perugia), G. Ballardin(European Gravitational Observatory), S. W. Ballmer(Syracuse University), S. Banagiri(University of Minnesota), J. C. Barayoga(California Institute of Technology), S. E. Barclay(University of Glasgow), B. C. Barish(California Institute of Technology), D. Barker, K. Barkett(California Institute of Technology), S. Barnum(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), F. Barone(University of Salerno), B. Barr(University of Glasgow), L. Barsotti(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Barsuglia(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Barta(HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics), J. Bartlett, I. Bartos(University of Florida), R. Bassiri(Stanford University), A. Basti(University of Pisa), M. Bawaj(Università di Camerino), J. C. Bayley(University of Glasgow), M. Bazzan(University of Padua), B. Bécsy(Montana State University), M. Bejger(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), I. Belahcene(Université Paris-Sud), A. S. Bell(University of Glasgow), D. Beniwal(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), B. K. Berger(Stanford University), G. Bergmann(Leibniz University Hannover), Sebastiano Bernuzzi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca), J. J. Bero(Rochester Institute of Technology), C. P. L. Berry(Northwestern University), D. Bersanetti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), A. Bertolini(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), J. Betzwieser(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. Bhandare(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), J. Bidler(California State University, Fullerton), I. A. Bilenko(Lomonosov Moscow State University), S. A. Bilgili(West Virginia University), G. Billingsley(California Institute of Technology), J. Birch(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. Birney(University of Strathclyde), O. Birnholtz(Rochester Institute of Technology), S. Biscans(California Institute of Technology), S. Biscoveanu(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), A. Bisht(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Bitossi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), M. A. Bizouard(Université Paris-Sud), J. K. Blackburn(California Institute of Technology), Jonathan Blackman(California Institute of Technology), C. D. Blair(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. G. Blair(The University of Western Australia), R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen(Radboud University Nijmegen), N. Bode(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Boër(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Y. Boetzel(University of Zurich), G. Bogaert(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Bondu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), E. Bonilla(Stanford University), R. Bonnand(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Booker(Leibniz University Hannover), B. A. Boom(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), C. D. Booth(Cardiff University), R. Bork(California Institute of Technology), V. Boschi(European Gravitational Observatory), S. Bose(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), K. Bossie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), V. Bossilkov(The University of Western Australia), J. Bosveld(The University of Western Australia), Y. Bouffanais(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Bozzi(European Gravitational Observatory), C. Bradaschia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), P. R. Brady(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), A. Bramley(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Branchesi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), J. E. Brau(University of Oregon), T. Briant(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. H. Briggs(University of Glasgow), F. Brighenti(University of Urbino), A. Brillet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Brinkmann(Leibniz University Hannover), V. Brisson(Université Paris-Sud), P. Brockill(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), A. F. Brooks(California Institute of Technology), D. D. Brown(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), S. Brunett(California Institute of Technology), A. Buikema(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Bulik(Astronomical Observatory), H. J. Bulten(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. Buonanno(Park University), D. Buskulic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. J. Bustamante-Rosell(The University of Texas at Austin), C. Buy(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. L. Byer(Stanford University), M. Cabero(Leibniz University Hannover), L. Cadonati(Georgia Institute of Technology), G. Cagnoli(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), C. Cahillane(California Institute of Technology), J. Calderón Bustillo(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), T. A. Callister(California Institute of Technology), E. Calloni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), J. B. Camp(Goddard Space Flight Center), William A. Campbell(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), M. Canepa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), K. C. Cannon(The University of Tokyo), H. Cao(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), J. Cao(Tsinghua University), E. Capocasa(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Carbognani(European Gravitational Observatory), S. Caride(Texas Tech University), M. F. Carney(Northwestern University), G. Carullo(University of Pisa), J. Casanueva Diaz(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), C. Casentini(University of Rome Tor Vergata), S. Caudill(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. Cavaglià(University of Mississippi), F. Cavalier(Université Paris-Sud), R. Cavalieri(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Cella(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), P. Cerdá–Durán(Universitat de València), G. Cerretani(University of Pisa), E. Cesarini(Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi), O. Chaibi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), K. Chakravarti(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), S. J. Chamberlin(Pennsylvania State University), M. Chan(University of Glasgow), S. Chao(National Tsing Hua University), P. Charlton(Charles Sturt University), E. A. Chase(Northwestern University), E. Chassande‐Mottin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Deep Chatterjee(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Chaturvedi(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), Katerina Chatziioannou(University of Toronto), B. D. Cheeseboro(West Virginia University), H. Y. Chen(University of Chicago), X. Chen(The University of Western Australia), Y. Chen(California Institute of Technology), H.-P. Cheng(University of Florida), C. K. Cheong(Chinese University of Hong Kong), H. Y. Chia(University of Florida), A. Chincarini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), A. Chiummo(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Cho(Seoul National University), H. S. Cho(Pusan National University), M. Cho(Park University), N. Christensen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Q. Chu(The University of Western Australia), S. Chua(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), K. W. Chung(Chinese University of Hong Kong), S. Chung(The University of Western Australia), G. Ciani(University of Padua), A. A. Ciobanu(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), R. Ciolfi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications), F. Cipriano(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Cirone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), F. Clara, J. A. Clark(Georgia Institute of Technology), P. Clearwater(The University of Melbourne), F. Cleva(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. Cocchieri(University of Mississippi), E. Coccia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), P.-F. Cohadon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Cohen(Université Paris-Sud), R. Colgan(Columbia University), M. Colleoni(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), C. G. Collette(Université Libre de Bruxelles), C. Collins(University of Birmingham), L. R. Cominsky(Sonoma State University), M. Constancio(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. Conti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), S. J. Cooper(University of Birmingham), P. Corban(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. R. Corbitt(Louisiana State University), I. Cordero-Carrión(Universitat de València), K. R. Corley(Columbia University), Neil J. Cornish(Montana State University), A. Corsi(Texas Tech University), S. Cortese(European Gravitational Observatory), C. A. Costa(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), R. Cotesta(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. W. Coughlin(California Institute of Technology), S. B. Coughlin(Northwestern University), J.-P. Coulon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. T. Countryman(Columbia University), P. Couvares(California Institute of Technology), P. B. Covas(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), E. E. Cowan(Georgia Institute of Technology), D. M. Coward(The University of Western Australia), M. J. Cowart(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. C. Coyne(California Institute of Technology), R. Coyne(University of Rhode Island), J. D. E. Creighton(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), J. D. E. Creighton(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), J. Cripe(Louisiana State University), M. Croquette(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. G. Crowder(Bellevue College), T. J. Cullen(Louisiana State University), A. Cumming(University of Glasgow), L. Cunningham(University of Glasgow), E. Cuoco(European Gravitational Observatory), T. Dal Canton(Goddard Space Flight Center), G. Dálya(Eötvös Loránd University), S. L. Danilishin(Leibniz University Hannover), S. D’Antonio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), K. Danzmann(Leibniz University Hannover), Arnab Dasgupta(Institute for Plasma Research), C. F. Da Silva Costa(University of Florida), L. E. H. Datrier(University of Glasgow), V. Dattilo(European Gravitational Observatory), I. Dave(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), M. Davier(Université Paris-Sud), D. Davis(Syracuse University), E. J. Daw(University of Sheffield), D. DeBra(Stanford University), M. Deenadayalan(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), J. Degallaix(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. De Laurentis(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), S. Deléglise(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), W. Del Pozzo(University of Pisa), L. M. DeMarchi(Northwestern University), N. Demos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Dent(Leibniz University Hannover), R. De Pietri(University of Parma), J. Derby(California State University, Fullerton), R. De Rosa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), C. De Rossi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. DeSalvo(California State University System), O. de Varona(Leibniz University Hannover), S. Dhurandhar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), M. C. Díaz(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), Tim Dietrich(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), L. Di Fiore(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), M. Di Giovanni(University of Trento), T. Di Girolamo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), A. Di Lieto(University of Pisa), B. Ding(Université Libre de Bruxelles), S. Di Pace(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), I. Di Palma(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), F. Di Renzo(University of Pisa), A. Dmitriev(University of Birmingham), Z. Doctor(University of Chicago), F. Donovan(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), K. L. Dooley(University of Mississippi), S. Doravari(Leibniz University Hannover), I. Dorrington(Cardiff University), T. P. Downes(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Drago(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du(Tsinghua University), J.-G. Ducoin(Université Paris-Sud), P. Dupej(University of Glasgow), S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), T. B. Edo(University of Sheffield), M. C. Edwards(Carleton College), A. Effler(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Ehrens(California Institute of Technology), J. Eichholz(California Institute of Technology), S. S. Eikenberry(University of Florida), M. Eisenmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. A. Eisenstein(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. C. Essick(University of Chicago), H. Estellés(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), D. Estevez(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Z. B. Etienne(West Virginia University), T. Etzel(California Institute of Technology), M. Evans(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. M. Evans(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), V. Fafone(University of Rome Tor Vergata), H. Fair(Syracuse University), S. Fairhurst(Cardiff University), X. Fan(Tsinghua University), S. Farinon(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), B. Farr(University of Oregon), M. Fays(University of Birmingham), E. J. Fauchon-Jones(Cardiff University), M. Favata(Montclair State University), M. Fays(University of Sheffield), M. Fazio(Colorado State University), C. Fee(Kenyon College), J. Feicht(California Institute of Technology), M. M. Fejer(Stanford University), Fan Feng(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Fernandez-Galiana(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), I. Ferrante(University of Pisa), E. C. Ferreira(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), T. A. Ferreira(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), F. Ferrini(European Gravitational Observatory), F. Fidecaro(University of Pisa), I. Fiori(European Gravitational Observatory), D. Fiorucci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Fishbach(University of Chicago), R. P. Fisher(Christopher Newport University), J. M. Fishner(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Fitz-Axen(University of Minnesota), R. Flaminio(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Fletcher(University of Glasgow), E. Flynn(California State University, Fullerton), H. Fong(University of Toronto), José A. Font(Universitat de València), P. W. F. Forsyth(Australian National University), J.-D. Fournier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Frasca(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), F. Frasconi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), Z. Frei(Eötvös Loránd University), A. Freise(University of Birmingham), R. Frey(University of Oregon), R. Frey(Université Paris-Sud), P. Fritschel(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), V. V. Frolov(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Fulda(University of Florida), M. Fyffe(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H. A. Gabbard(University of Glasgow), B. U. Gadre(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), S. M. Gaebel(University of Birmingham), J. R. Gair(University of Edinburgh), L. Gammaitoni(University of Perugia), M. R. Ganija(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), S. G. Gaonkar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), C. García-Quirós(California State University, Fullerton), C. García-Quirós(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), F. Garufi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), B. Gateley, S. Gaudio(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), G. Gaur(Indian Institute of Advanced Research), V. Gayathri(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay), G. Gemme(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), E. Genin(European Gravitational Observatory), A. Gennai(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), D. George(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), J. George(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), L. Gergely(University of Szeged), V. Germain(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Ghonge(Georgia Institute of Technology), Abhirup Ghosh(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Archisman Ghosh(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), S. Ghosh(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Bruno Giacomazzo(University of Trento), J. A. Giaime(Louisiana State University), K. D. Giardina(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Giazotto(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), K. Gill(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), G. Giordano(University of Salerno), L. Glover(California State University System), P. Godwin(Pennsylvania State University), E. Goetz, E. Goetz(University of Florida), B. Goncharov(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), G. González(Louisiana State University), J. M. Gonzalez Castro(University of Pisa), A. Gopakumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), M. L. Gorodetsky(Lomonosov Moscow State University), S. E. Gossan(California Institute of Technology), M. Gosselin(European Gravitational Observatory), R. Gouaty(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Grado(Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte), C. Graef(University of Glasgow), M. Granata(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Grant(University of Glasgow), S. Gras(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), P. Grassia(California Institute of Technology), C. Gray, R. Gray(University of Glasgow), G. Greco(University of Urbino), A. C. Green(University of Florida), R. Green(Cardiff University), E. M. Gretarsson(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), P. Groot(Radboud University Nijmegen), H. Grote(Cardiff University), S. Grünewald(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Grüning(Université Paris-Sud), G. M. Guidi(University of Urbino), H. K. Gulati(Institute for Plasma Research), Y. Guo(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. Gupta(Pennsylvania State University), Manoj Gupta(Institute for Plasma Research), E. K. Gustafson(California Institute of Technology), R. Gustafson(University of Michigan), L. Haegel(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), O. Halim(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), B. R. Hall(Washington State University), E. D. Hall(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. Z. Hamilton(Cardiff University), G. Hammond(University of Glasgow), M. Haney(University of Zurich), M. M. Hanke(Leibniz University Hannover), J. Hanks, C. Hanna(Pennsylvania State University), M. D. Hannam(Cardiff University), O. A. Hannuksela(Chinese University of Hong Kong), J. Hanson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. Hardwick(Louisiana State University), K. Haris(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), J. Harms(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), I. W. Harry(American University), I. W. Harry(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C.‐J. Haster(University of Toronto), K. Haughian(University of Glasgow), F. J. Hayes(University of Glasgow), J. Healy(Rochester Institute of Technology), A. Heidmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. C. Heintze(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H. Heitmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Hello(Université Paris-Sud), G. Hemming(European Gravitational Observatory), M. Hendry(University of Glasgow), I. S. Heng(University of Glasgow), J. Hennig(Leibniz University Hannover), A. W. Heptonstall(California Institute of Technology), F. Hernandez Vivanco(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), M. Heurs(Leibniz University Hannover), S. Hild(University of Glasgow), Tanja Hinderer(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), D. Hoak(European Gravitational Observatory), S. Hochheim(Leibniz University Hannover), D. Hofman(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. M. Holgado(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), N. A. Holland(Australian National University), K. Holt(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. E. Holz(University of Chicago), Philip F. Hopkins(Cardiff University), C. Horst(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), J. Hough(University of Glasgow), E. J. Howell(The University of Western Australia), C. G. Hoy(Cardiff University), A. Hreibi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Yan Huang(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. A. Huerta(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), D. Huet(Université Paris-Sud), B. Hughey(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), M. Hulko(California Institute of Technology), S. Husa(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), S. H. Huttner(University of Glasgow), T. Huynh–Dinh(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. Idźkowski(Astronomical Observatory), A. Iess(University of Rome Tor Vergata), C. Ingram(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), R. Inta(Texas Tech University), G. Intini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), B. Irwin(Kenyon College), H. N. Isa(University of Glasgow), J.-M. Isac(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Isi(California Institute of Technology), B. R. Iyer(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. J. Jadhav(University College of Estate Management), K. Jani(Georgia Institute of Technology), N. N. Janthalur(University College of Estate Management), P. Jaranowski(University of Białystok), A. C. Jenkins(University of London), J. Jiang(University of Florida), D. S. Johnson(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel(University of Cambridge), A. W. Jones(University of Birmingham), D. I. Jones(University of Southampton), R. W. L. Jones(University of Glasgow), R. J. G. Jonker(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), L. Ju(The University of Western Australia), J. Junker(Leibniz University Hannover), C. V. Kalaghatgi(Cardiff University), V. Kalogera(Northwestern University), B. Kamai(California Institute of Technology), S. Kandhasamy(University of Mississippi), G. Kang(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), J. B. Kanner(California Institute of Technology), S. J. Kapadia(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. Karki(University of Oregon), K. S. Karvinen(Leibniz University Hannover), Rahul Kashyap(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), M. Kasprzack(California Institute of Technology), S. Katsanevas(European Gravitational Observatory), E. Katsavounidis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), W. Katzman(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), S. Kaufer(Leibniz University Hannover), K. Kawabe, N. V. Keerthana(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), F. Kéfélian(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Keitel(University of Glasgow), R. Kennedy(University of Sheffield), J. S. Key(University of Washington Bothell), F. Y. Khalili(Lomonosov Moscow State University), H. Khan(California State University, Fullerton), I. Khan(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), S. Khan(Leibniz University Hannover), Z. Khan(Institute for Plasma Research), Е. А. Хазанов(Institute of Applied Physics), M. Khursheed(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), N. Kijbunchoo(Australian National University), Chunglee Kim(Ewha Womans University), J. C. Kim(Inje University), K. Kim(Chinese University of Hong Kong), W. Kim(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), W. S. Kim(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), Y.-M. Kim(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), C. Kimball(Northwestern University), E. J. King(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Peter King, M. Kinley-Hanlon(American University), R. Kirchhoff(Leibniz University Hannover), J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte(Universität Hamburg), J. H. Klika(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. Klimenko(University of Florida), T. D. Knowles(West Virginia University), Patrick M. Koch(Leibniz University Hannover), S. M. Koehlenbeck(Leibniz University Hannover), G. Koekoek(Maastricht University), S. Koley(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), V. Kondrashov(California Institute of Technology), A. Kontos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), N. Koper(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Korobko(Universität Hamburg), W. Z. Korth(California Institute of Technology), I. Kowalska(Astronomical Observatory), D. B. Kozak(California Institute of Technology), V. Kringel(Leibniz University Hannover), N. V. Krishnendu(Chennai Mathematical Institute), A. Królak(National Centre for Nuclear Research), A. Królak(Leibniz University Hannover), A. Kumar(University College of Estate Management), P. Kumar(Cornell University), S. Kumar(Institute for Plasma Research), S. Kumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), L. Kuo(National Tsing Hua University), A. Kutynia(National Centre for Nuclear Research), S. Kwang(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), B. D. Lackey(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), K. H. Lai(Chinese University of Hong Kong), T. L. Lam(Chinese University of Hong Kong), M. Landry, B. B. Lane(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. N. Lang(Hillsdale College), J. Lange(Rochester Institute of Technology), B. Lantz(Stanford University), R. K. Lanza(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), A. Lartaux-Vollard(Université Paris-Sud), P. D. Lasky(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), M. Laxen(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Lazzarini(California Institute of Technology), C. Lazzaro(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), P. Leaci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), S. Leavey(Leibniz University Hannover), Y. K. Lecoeuche, C. H. Lee(Pusan National University), H. K. Lee(Inje University), Hyung Mok Lee(Inje University), H. W. Lee(Inje University), J. Lee(Seoul National University), K. Lee(University of Glasgow), J. Lehmann(Leibniz University Hannover), A. Lenon(West Virginia University), N. Leroy(Université Paris-Sud), N. Letendre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Y. Levin(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), J. Li(Tsinghua University), K. J. L. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong), T. G. F. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong), X. Li(California Institute of Technology), Feng-Li Lin(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), F. Linde(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), S. D. Linker(California State University System), T. B. Littenberg(Marshall Space Flight Center), J. Liu(The University of Western Australia), X. Liu(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), R. K. L. Lo(California Institute of Technology), N. A. Lockerbie(University of Strathclyde), L. T. London(Cardiff University), A. Longo(Roma Tre University), M. Lorenzini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), V. Loriette(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Lormand(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), G. Losurdo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), J. D. Lough(Leibniz University Hannover), C. O. Loustó(Rochester Institute of Technology), Geoffrey Lovelace(California State University, Fullerton), M. E. Lower(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), H. Lück(Leibniz University Hannover), D. Lumaca(University of Rome Tor Vergata), A. P. Lundgren(University of Portsmouth), R. Lynch(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Y. Ma(California Institute of Technology), R. Macas(Cardiff University), S. Macfoy(University of Strathclyde), M. MacInnis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. M. Macleod(Cardiff University), A. Macquet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Magaña‐Sandoval(Syracuse University), L. Magaña Zertuche(University of Mississippi), R. M. Magee(Pennsylvania State University), E. Majorana(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), I. Maksimovic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Malik(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), N. Man(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), V. Mandic(University of Minnesota), V. Mangano(University of Glasgow), G. L. Mansell(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Manske(Australian National University), M. Mantovani(European Gravitational Observatory), F. Marchesoni(Università di Camerino), F. Marion(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Szabolcs Márka(Columbia University), Z. Márka(Columbia University), C. Markakis(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), A. S. Markosyan(Stanford University), A. Markowitz(California Institute of Technology), E. Maros(California Institute of Technology), Antonio Marquina(Universitat de València), S. Marsat(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), F. Martelli(University of Urbino), I. W. Martin(University of Glasgow), R. M. Martin(Montclair State University), Д. В. Мартынов(University of Birmingham), K. Mason(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. Massera(University of Sheffield), A. Masserot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), T. J. Massinger(California Institute of Technology), M. Masso‐Reid(University of Glasgow), S. Mastrogiovanni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), A. Matas(University of Minnesota), F. Matichard(California Institute of Technology), L. Matone(Columbia University), N. Mavalvala(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), N. Mazumder(Washington State University), J. J. McCann(The University of Western Australia), R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland(Australian National University), S. McCormick(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), L. McCuller(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), S. C. McGuire(Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College), J. McIver(California Institute of Technology), D. J. McManus(Australian National University), T. McRae(Australian National University), S. T. McWilliams(West Virginia University), D. Meacher(Pennsylvania State University), G. D. Meadors(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), M. Mehmet(Leibniz University Hannover), A. K. Mehta(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), J. Meidam(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. Melatos(The University of Melbourne), G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), L. Mereni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Meshkov(California Institute of Technology), C. Messenger(University of Glasgow), C. Messick(Pennsylvania State University), R. Metzdorff(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. M. Meyers(The University of Melbourne), H. Miao(University of Birmingham), C. Michel(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), H. Middleton(The University of Melbourne), Е. Е. Михайлов(William & Mary), L. Milano(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), A. L. Miller(University of Florida), A. L. Miller(University of Florida), M. Millhouse(Montana State University), J. C. Mills(Cardiff University), M. C. Milovich-Goff(California State University System), O. Minazzoli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Y. Minenkov(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), A. Mishkin(University of Florida), C. Mishra(Indian Institute of Technology Madras), T. Mistry(University of Sheffield), S. Mitra(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), O. Miyakawa(Lomonosov Moscow State University), G. Mitselmakher(University of Florida), R. Mittleman(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), G. Mo(Carleton College), D. Moffa(Kenyon College), K. Mogushi(University of Mississippi), S. R. P. Mohapatra(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Montani(University of Urbino), C. J. Moore(University of Cambridge), D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki(The University of Tokyo), B. Mours(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. M. Mow–Lowry(University of Birmingham), Arunava Mukherjee(Leibniz University Hannover), D. Mukherjee(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Suvodip Mukherjee(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), N. Mukund(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), A. Mullavey(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), J. Münch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), E. A. Muñiz(Syracuse University), M. Muratore(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), P. G. Murray(University of Glasgow), A. Nagar(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino), I. Nardecchia(University of Rome Tor Vergata), L. Naticchioni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), R. K. Nayak(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata), J. Neilson(California State University System), G. Nelemans(Radboud University Nijmegen), T. J. N. Nelson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Nery(Leibniz University Hannover), A. Neunzert(University of Michigan), K. Y. Ng(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), S. Ng(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), P. Nguyen(University of Oregon), David A. Nichols(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. B. Nielsen(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Nissanke(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. Nitz(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), F. Nocera(European Gravitational Observatory), C. North(Cardiff University), L. K. Nuttall(University of Portsmouth), M. Obergaulinger(Universitat de València), J. Oberling, P. T. O’Brien(University of Florida), G. D. O’Dea(California State University System), G. H. Ogin(Whitman College), J. J. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), S. H. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), F. Ohme(Leibniz University Hannover), H. Ohta(The University of Tokyo), M. A. Okada(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), M. Oliver(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), P. Oppermann(Leibniz University Hannover), Richard J. Oram(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. O’Reilly(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. G. Ormiston(University of Minnesota), L. F. Ortega(University of Florida), R. O’Shaughnessy(Rochester Institute of Technology), Serguei Ossokine(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. J. Ottaway(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), H. Overmier(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. J. Owen(Texas Tech University), A. E. Pace(Pennsylvania State University), G. Pagano(University of Pisa), M. A. Page(The University of Western Australia), A. Pai(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay), S. A. Pai(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), J. R. Palamos(University of Oregon), O. Palashov(Institute of Applied Physics), C. Palomba(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), A. Pal‐Singh(Universität Hamburg), Huang-Wei Pan(National Tsing Hua University), B. Pang(California Institute of Technology), P. T. H. Pang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), C. Pankow(Northwestern University), F. Pannarale(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), B. C. Pant(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), F. Paoletti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), A. Paoli(European Gravitational Observatory), M. A. Papa(Leibniz University Hannover), A. Parida(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), W. Parker(Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College), D. Pascucci(University of Glasgow), A. Pasqualetti(European Gravitational Observatory), R. Passaquieti(University of Pisa), D. Passuello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), M. Patil(Institute of Mathematics and Informatics), B. Patricelli(University of Pisa), B. L. Pearlstone(University of Glasgow), C. Pedersen(Cardiff University), M. Pedraza(California Institute of Technology), R. Pedurand(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), A. Pele(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), S. Penn(Hobart and William Smith Colleges), Albino Perego(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca), C. J. Perez, A. Perreca(University of Trento), Harald Pfeiffer(University of Toronto), M. Phelps(Leibniz University Hannover), K. S. Phukon(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), O. J. Piccinni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), M. Pichot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Piergiovanni(University of Urbino), G. Pillant(European Gravitational Observatory), L. Pinard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Pirello, M. Pitkin(University of Glasgow), R. Poggiani(University of Pisa), D. Y. T. Pong(Chinese University of Hong Kong), S. Ponrathnam(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), P. Popolizio(European Gravitational Observatory), E. K. Porter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. Powell(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Ashish Prajapati(Institute for Plasma Research), J. Prasad(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), K. Prasai(Stanford University), R. Prasanna(University College of Estate Management), G. Pratten(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), T. Prestegard(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. Privitera(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), G. A. Prodi(University of Trento), L. Prokhorov(Lomonosov Moscow State University), O. Puncken(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Punturo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia), P. Puppo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), M. Pürrer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), H. Qi(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), V. Quetschke(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), P. J. Quinonez(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), E. A. Quintero(California Institute of Technology), R. Quitzow-James(University of Oregon), F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, N. Rădulescu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Raffai(Eötvös Loránd University), S. Raja(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), C. Rajan(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), B. Rajbhandari(Texas Tech University), M. Rakhmanov(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), K. E. Ramirez(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), A. Ramos-Buades(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), J. Rana(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), K. Rao(Northwestern University), P. Rapagnani(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), V. Raymond(Cardiff University), M. Razzano(University of Pisa), J. Read(California State University, Fullerton), T. Regimbau(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), L. Rei(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), S. Reid(University of Strathclyde), D. H. Reitze(California Institute of Technology), W. Ren(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), F. Ricci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), C. J. Richardson(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), J. W. Richardson(California Institute of Technology), P. M. Ricker(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), G. Riemenschneider(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino), K. Riles(University of Michigan), M. Rizzo(Northwestern University), D. I. Robertson(California Institute of Technology), R. Robie(University of Glasgow), F. Robinet(Université Paris-Sud), A. Rocchi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), L. Rolland(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. G. Rollins(California Institute of Technology), V. J. Roma(University of Oregon), M. Romanelli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. Romano(University of Salerno), C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), K. Rose(Kenyon College), D. Rosińska(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center), S. G. Rosofsky(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), M. P. Ross(University of Washington), S. Rowan(University of Glasgow), A. Rüdiger(Leibniz University Hannover), P. Ruggi(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Rutins(University of the West of Scotland), K. Ryan, S. Sachdev(California Institute of Technology), T. Sadecki, Mairi Sakellariadou(University of London), O. S. Salafia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca), L. Salconi(European Gravitational Observatory), M. Saleem(Chennai Mathematical Institute), F. Salemi(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Samajdar(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), L. Sammut(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), E. J. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), L. E. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), N. Sanchis-Gual(Universitat de València), V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders(Syracuse University), K. A. Santiago(Montclair State University), Nikhil Sarin(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), B. Sassolas(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), B. S. Sathyaprakash(Pennsylvania State University), P. R. Saulson(Syracuse University), O. Sauter(University of Michigan), R. L. Savage, P. Schale(University of Oregon), M. Scheel(California Institute of Technology), Jacob Scheuer(Northwestern University), P. Schmidt(Radboud University Nijmegen), R. Schnabel(Universität Hamburg), R. M. S. Schofield(University of Oregon), A. Schönbeck(Universität Hamburg), E. Schreiber(Leibniz University Hannover), B. W. Schulte(Leibniz University Hannover), B. F. Schutz(Cardiff University), S. G. Schwalbe(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), J. Scott(University of Glasgow), S. M. Scott(Australian National University), E. Seidel(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), D. Sellers(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. S. Sengupta(Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar), N. Sennett(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. Sentenac(European Gravitational Observatory), V. Sequino(University of Rome Tor Vergata), A. Sergeev(Institute of Applied Physics), Y. Setyawati(Leibniz University Hannover), D. A. Shaddock(Australian National University), T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar(Northwestern University), M. B. Shaner(California State University System), Lijing Shao(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Sharma(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), P. Shawhan(Park University), H. Shen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), R. Shink(Polytechnique Montréal), D. H. Shoemaker(Georgia Institute of Technology), D. M. Shoemaker(Georgia Institute of Technology), S. ShyamSundar(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), K. Siellez(Georgia Institute of Technology), M. Sieniawska(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center), D. Sigg, A. D. Silva(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. P. Singer(Goddard Space Flight Center), N. Singh(Astronomical Observatory), A. Singhal(Gran Sasso Science Institute), A. M. Sintes(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears), S. Sitmukhambetov(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), V. Skliris(Cardiff University), B. J. J. Slagmolen(Australian National University), T. J. Slaven-Blair(The University of Western Australia), J. R. Smith(California State University, Fullerton), R. J. E. Smith(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), S. Somala(Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad), E. J. Son(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), B. Sorazu(University of Glasgow), F. Sorrentino(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), T. Souradeep(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), E. Sowell(Texas Tech University), A. P. Spencer(University of Glasgow), A. K. Srivastava(Institute for Plasma Research), V. Srivastava(Syracuse University), K. Staats(Northwestern University), C. Stachie(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Standke(Leibniz University Hannover), D. A. Steer(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Steinke(Leibniz University Hannover), J. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg), S. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg), D. Steinmeyer(Leibniz University Hannover), S. P. Stevenson(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), D. Stocks(Stanford University), R. Stone(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), D. J. Stops(University of Birmingham), K. A. Strain(University of Glasgow), G. Stratta(University of Urbino), S. E. Strigin(Lomonosov Moscow State University), A. Strunk, R. Sturani(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte), A. L. Stuver(Villanova University), V. Sudhir(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Z. Summerscales(Andrews University), L. Sun(California Institute of Technology), L. Sun(Institute for Plasma Research), J. Suresh(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), P. J. Sutton(Cardiff University), B. L. Swinkels(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. J. Szczepańczyk(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), M. Tacca(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), S. C. Tait(University of Glasgow), C. Talbot(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), D. Talukder(University of Oregon), D. B. Tanner(University of Florida), M. Tápai(University of Szeged), A. Taracchini(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. D. Tasson(Carleton College), R. Taylor(California Institute of Technology), F. Thies(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Thomas(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Thomas, S. R. Thondapu(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), K. A. Thorne(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), E. Thrane(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute), Shubhanshu Tiwari(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Srishti Tiwari(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), V. Tiwari(Cardiff University), K. Toland(University of Glasgow), M. Tonelli(University of Pisa), Z. Tornasi(University of Glasgow), A. Torres-Forné(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. I. Torrie(California Institute of Technology), D. Töyrä(University of Birmingham), F. Travasso(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Traylor(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. C. Tringali(Astronomical Observatory), A. Trovato(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), L. Trozzo(University of Siena), R. Trudeau(California Institute of Technology), K. W. Tsang(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. Tse(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. Tso(California Institute of Technology), Leo Tsukada(The University of Tokyo), D. Tsuna(The University of Tokyo), D. Tuyenbayev(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), K. Ueno(The University of Tokyo), D. Ugolini(Trinity University), C. S. Unnikrishnan(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), A. L. Urban(Louisiana State University), S. A. Usman(Cardiff University), H. Vahlbruch(Leibniz University Hannover), G. Vajente(California Institute of Technology), G. Valdes(Louisiana State University), N. van Bakel(Vitenparken), M. van Beuzekom(University of Groningen), J. F. J. van den Brand(Vitenparken), C. Van Den Broeck(University of Groningen), D. C. Vander‐Hyde(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), J. V. van Heijningen(The University of Western Australia), L. van der Schaaf(University of Padua), A. A. van Veggel(California Institute of Technology), M. Vardaro(California Institute of Technology), Vijay Varma(HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics), S. Vass(California Institute of Technology), M. Vasúth(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), A. Vecchio(University of Glasgow), G. Vedovato(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), J. Veitch(University of Washington), P. J. Veitch(California Institute of Technology), K. Venkateswara(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), G. Venugopalan(California Institute of Technology), D. Verkindt(University of Urbino), F. Vetrano(University of Urbino), A. Viceré(University of Urbino), A. D. Viets(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. J. Vine(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), J.-Y. Vinet(Université Côte d'Azur), S. Vitale(University of Perugia), T. Vo(Syracuse University), H. Vocca(Lomonosov Moscow State University), C. Vorvick(California Institute of Technology), S. P. Vyatchanin(Kenyon College), A. R. Wade(California Institute of Technology), L. E. Wade(Kenyon College), M. Wade(California State University, Fullerton), R. Walet(California Institute of Technology), M. Walker(California State University, Fullerton), L. Wallace(California Institute of Technology), S. Walsh(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), G. Wang(University of Michigan), H. Wang(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), J. Z. Wang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), W. H. Wang(Australian National University), Y. F. Wang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), R. L. Ward(Australian National University), Z. A. Warden(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. Warner(Université Libre de Bruxelles), M. Wąs(Institut des langues et cultures d'Europe, Amérique, Afrique, Asie et Australie), J. Watchi(Leibniz University Hannover), B. Weaver(Leibniz University Hannover), L.‐W. Wei(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Weinert(Leibniz University Hannover), A. J. Weinstein(Leibniz University Hannover), R. Weiss(The University of Western Australia), F. Wellmann(Leibniz University Hannover), L. Wen(Leibniz University Hannover), E. K. Wessel(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), P. Weßels(Leibniz University Hannover), J. W. Westhouse(Rochester Institute of Technology), K. Wette(Australian National University), J. T. Whelan(Rochester Institute of Technology), L. V. White(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), B. F. Whiting(Leibniz University Hannover), C. Whittle(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. M. Wilken(Leibniz University Hannover), D. R. Williams(California Institute of Technology), A. R. Williamson(Leibniz University Hannover), J. L. Willis(Leibniz University Hannover), B. Willke(Leibniz University Hannover), M. H. Wimmer(Leibniz University Hannover), W. Winkler(Leibniz University Hannover), C. C. Wipf(California Institute of Technology), H. Wittel(Leibniz University Hannover), G. Woan(Rochester Institute of Technology), J. Woehler(Leibniz University Hannover), J. K. Wofford(Rochester Institute of Technology), J. Worden(Leibniz University Hannover), J. L. Wright(Rochester Institute of Technology), Di Wu(Leibniz University Hannover), D. M. Wysocki(California Institute of Technology), S. Xiao(California Institute of Technology), H. Yamamoto(California Institute of Technology), C. C. Yancey(Australian National University), L. Yang(University of Florida), M. J. Yap(Australian National University), M. Yazback(University of Florida), D. W. Yeeles(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Hang Yu(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Haocun Yu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. H. R. Yuen(Chinese University of Hong Kong), M. Yvert(Institut des langues et cultures d'Europe, Amérique, Afrique, Asie et Australie), A. K. Zadrożny(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), M. Zanolin(European Gravitational Observatory), Francesco Zappa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), T. Zelenova(Northwestern University), J.‐P. Zendri(The University of Western Australia), M. Zevin(California Institute of Technology), J. Zhang(The University of Western Australia), L. Zhang(California Institute of Technology), T. Zhang(Northwestern University), C. Zhao(Northwestern University), M. Zhou(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Z. Zhou(University of Toronto), X. J. Zhu(Rochester Institute of Technology), Aaron Zimmerman(California Institute of Technology), Yosef Zlochower(California Institute of Technology), M. E. Zucker(California Institute of Technology), J. Zweizig(California Institute of Technology)
Cited by 3,567Open Access
Abstract
We present the results from three gravitational-wave searches for coalescing compact binaries with component masses above <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mn>1</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:msub><a:mrow><a:mi>M</a:mi></a:mrow><a:mrow><a:mo stretchy="false">⊙</a:mo></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> during the first and second observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network. During the first observing run (<d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><d:mi>O</d:mi><d:mn>1</d:mn></d:math>), from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, gravitational waves from three binary black hole mergers were detected. The second observing run (<f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><f:mi>O</f:mi><f:mn>2</f:mn></f:math>), which ran from November 30, 2016 to August 25, 2017, saw the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral, in addition to the observation of gravitational waves from a total of seven binary black hole mergers, four of which we report here for the first time: GW170729, GW170809, GW170818, and GW170823. For all significant gravitational-wave events, we provide estimates of the source properties. The detected binary black holes have total masses between <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><h:mrow><h:msubsup><h:mrow><h:mn>18.6</h:mn></h:mrow><h:mrow><h:mo>−</h:mo><h:mn>0.7</h:mn></h:mrow><h:mrow><h:mo>+</h:mo><h:mn>3.2</h:mn></h:mrow></h:msubsup><h:mtext> </h:mtext><h:mtext> </h:mtext><h:msub><h:mrow><h:mi>M</h:mi></h:mrow><h:mrow><h:mo stretchy="false">⊙</h:mo></h:mrow></h:msub></h:mrow></h:math> and <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:msubsup><k:mn>84.4</k:mn><k:mrow><k:mo>−</k:mo><k:mn>11.1</k:mn></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mo>+</k:mo><k:mn>15.8</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msubsup><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi>M</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mo stretchy="false">⊙</k:mo></k:mrow></k:msub></k:math> and range in distance between <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><n:msubsup><n:mn>320</n:mn><n:mrow><n:mo>−</n:mo><n:mn>110</n:mn></n:mrow><n:mrow><n:mo>+</n:mo><n:mn>120</n:mn></n:mrow></n:msubsup></n:math> and <p:math xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><p:mrow><p:msubsup><p:mrow><p:mn>2840</p:mn></p:mrow><p:mrow><p:mo>−</p:mo><p:mn>1360</p:mn></p:mrow><p:mrow><p:mo>+</p:mo><p:mn>1400</p:mn></p:mrow></p:msubsup><p:mtext> </p:mtext><p:mtext> </p:mtext><p:mi>Mpc</p:mi></p:mrow></p:math>. No neutron star–black hole mergers were detected. In addition to highly significant gravitational-wave events, we also provide a list of marginal event candidates with an estimated false-alarm rate less than 1 per 30 days. From these results over the first two observing runs, which include approximately one gravitational-wave detection per 15 days of data searched, we infer merger rates at the 90% confidence intervals of <r:math xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><r:mrow><r:mn>110</r:mn><r:mo>−</r:mo><r:mn>3840</r:mn><r:mtext> </r:mtext><r:mtext> </r:mtext><r:msup><r:mrow><r:mi>Gpc</r:mi></r:mrow><r:mrow><r:mo>−</r:mo><r:mn>3</r:mn></r:mrow></r:msup><r:mtext> </r:mtext><r:msup><r:mrow><r:mi mathvariant="normal">y</r:mi></r:mrow><r:mrow><r:mo>−</r:mo><r:mn>1</r:mn></r:mrow></r:msup></r:mrow></r:math> for binary neutron stars and <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mrow><u:mn>9.7</u:mn><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>101</u:mn><u:mtext> </u:mtext><u:mtext> </u:mtext><u:msup><u:mrow><u:mi>Gpc</u:mi></u:mrow><u:mrow><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>3</u:mn></u:mrow></u:msup><u:mtext> </u:mtext><u:msup><u:mrow><u:mi mathvariant="normal">y</u:mi></u:mrow><u:mrow><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>1</u:mn></u:mrow></u:msup></u:mrow></u:math> for binary black holes assuming fixed population distributions and determine a neutron star–black hole merger rate 90% upper limit of <x:math xmlns:x="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><x:mrow><x:mn>610</x:mn><x:mtext> </x:mtext><x:mtext> </x:mtext><x:msup><x:mrow><x:mi>Gpc</x:mi></x:mrow><x:mrow><x:mo>−</x:mo><x:mn>3</x:mn></x:mrow></x:msup><x:mtext> </x:mtext><x:msup><x:mrow><x:mi mathvariant="normal">y</x:mi></x:mrow><x:mrow><x:mo>−</x:mo><x:mn>1</x:mn></x:mrow></x:msup></x:mrow></x:math>. Published by the American Physical Society 2019
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