Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
B. P. Abbott(California Institute of Technology), R. Abbott(California Institute of Technology), T. D. Abbott(Louisiana State University), F. Acernese(University of Salerno), K. Ackley(University of Florida), C. Adams(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. Adams(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Addesso(University of Sannio), R. X. Adhikari(California Institute of Technology), V. B. Adya(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. Affeldt(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Afrough(University of Mississippi), B. Agarwal(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), M. Agathos(University of Cambridge), K. Agatsuma(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), N. Aggarwal(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), O. D. Aguiar(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. Aiello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), A. Ain(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), P. Ajith(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), B. Allen(Leibniz University Hannover), B. Allen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), A. Allocca(University of Pisa), M. Á. Aloy(Universitat de València), P. A. Altin(Australian National University), A. Amato(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Ananyeva(California Institute of Technology), S. B. Anderson(California Institute of Technology), W. G. Anderson(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. V. Angelova(University of the West of Scotland), S. Antier(Université Paris-Sud), S. Appert(California Institute of Technology), K. Arai(California Institute of Technology), M. C. Araya(California Institute of Technology), J. S. Areeda(California State University, Fullerton), N. Arnaud(Université Paris-Sud), K. G. Arun(Chennai Mathematical Institute), S. Ascenzi(University of Rome Tor Vergata), G. Ashton(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Ast(Universität Hamburg), S. M. Aston(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Astone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), D. V. Atallah(Cardiff University), P. Aufmuth(Leibniz University Hannover), C. Aulbert(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), K. AultONeal(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), C. Austin(Louisiana State University), A. Avila-Alvarez(California State University, Fullerton), S. Babak(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Bacon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. K. M. Bader(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), S. Bae(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), P. T. Baker(West Virginia University), F. Baldaccini(University of Perugia), G. Ballardin(European Gravitational Observatory), S. W. Ballmer(Syracuse University), S. Banagiri(University of Minnesota), J. C. Barayoga(California Institute of Technology), S. E. Barclay(University of Glasgow), B. C. Barish(California Institute of Technology), D. Barker, K. Barkett(California Institute of Technology), F. Barone(University of Salerno), B. Barr(University of Glasgow), L. Barsotti(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Barsuglia(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Barta(HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics), J. Bartlett, I. Bartos(University of Florida), R. Bassiri(Stanford University), A. Basti(University of Pisa), J. C. Batch, M. Bawaj(Università di Camerino), J. C. Bayley(University of Glasgow), M. Bazzan(University of Padua), B. Bécsy(Eötvös Loránd University), C. Beer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Bejger(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center), I. Belahcene(Université Paris-Sud), A. S. Bell(University of Glasgow), B. K. Berger(California Institute of Technology), G. Bergmann(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. J. Bero(Rochester Institute of Technology), C. P. L. Berry(University of Birmingham), D. Bersanetti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), A. Bertolini(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), J. Betzwieser(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), S. Bhagwat(Syracuse University), R. Bhandare(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), I. A. Bilenko(Lomonosov Moscow State University), G. Billingsley(California Institute of Technology), C. R. Billman(University of Florida), J. Birch(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. Birney(University of Strathclyde), O. Birnholtz(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Biscans(California Institute of Technology), S. Biscoveanu(Pennsylvania State University), A. Bisht(Leibniz University Hannover), M. Bitossi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), C. Biwer(Syracuse University), M. A. Bizouard(Université Paris-Sud), J. K. Blackburn(California Institute of Technology), Jonathan Blackman(California Institute of Technology), C. D. Blair(California Institute of Technology), D. G. Blair(The University of Western Australia), R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen(Radboud University Nijmegen), O. Bock(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), N. Bode(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Boër(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), G. Bogaert(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Bohé(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), F. Bondu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), E. Bonilla(Stanford University), R. Bonnand(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), B. A. Boom(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), R. Bork(California Institute of Technology), V. Boschi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), S. Bose(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), K. Bossie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Y. Bouffanais(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Bozzi(European Gravitational Observatory), C. Bradaschia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), P. R. Brady(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Branchesi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), J. E. Brau(University of Oregon), T. Briant(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Brillet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Brinkmann(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), V. Brisson(Université Paris-Sud), P. Brockill(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), J. E. Broida(Carleton College), A. F. Brooks(California Institute of Technology), D. Brown(Syracuse University), D. Brown(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), S. Brunett(California Institute of Technology), C. C. Buchanan(Louisiana State University), A. Buikema(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Bulik(University of Warsaw), H. J. Bulten(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), A. Buonanno(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. Buskulic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. Buy(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. L. Byer(Stanford University), M. Cabero(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), L. Cadonati(Georgia Institute of Technology), G. Cagnoli(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), C. Cahillane(California Institute of Technology), J. Calderón Bustillo(Georgia Institute of Technology), T. A. Callister(California Institute of Technology), E. Calloni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), J. B. Camp(Goddard Space Flight Center), M. Canepa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), P. Cañizares(Radboud University Nijmegen), K. C. Cannon(The University of Tokyo), H. Cao(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), J. Cao(Tsinghua University), C. D. Capano(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), E. Capocasa(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Carbognani(European Gravitational Observatory), S. Caride(Texas Tech University), M. F. Carney(Kenyon College), J. Casanueva Diaz(Université Paris-Sud), C. Casentini(University of Rome Tor Vergata), S. Caudill(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. Cavaglià(University of Mississippi), F. Cavalier(Université Paris-Sud), R. Cavalieri(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Cella(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), C. Cepeda(California Institute of Technology), P. Cerdá–Durán(Universitat de València), G. Cerretani(University of Pisa), E. Cesarini(Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi), S. J. Chamberlin(Pennsylvania State University), M. Chan(University of Glasgow), S. Chao(National Tsing Hua University), P. Charlton(Charles Sturt University), E. A. Chase(Northwestern University), E. Chassande‐Mottin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Deep Chatterjee(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Katerina Chatziioannou(University of Toronto), B. D. Cheeseboro(West Virginia University), H. Y. Chen(University of Chicago), X. Chen(The University of Western Australia), Y. Chen(California Institute of Technology), H.-P. Cheng(University of Florida), H. Chia(University of Florida), A. Chincarini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), A. Chiummo(European Gravitational Observatory), T. Chmiel(Kenyon College), H. S. Cho(Pusan National University), M. Cho(University of Maryland, College Park), J. H. Chow(Australian National University), N. Christensen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Q. Chu(The University of Western Australia), Alvin J. K. Chua(University of Cambridge), S. Chua(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. K. W. Chung(Chinese University of Hong Kong), S. Chung(The University of Western Australia), G. Ciani(University of Padua), R. Ciolfi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications), C. E. Cirelli(Stanford University), A. Cirone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), F. Clara, J. A. Clark(Georgia Institute of Technology), P. Clearwater(The University of Melbourne), F. Cleva(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. Cocchieri(University of Mississippi), E. Coccia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), P.-F. Cohadon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Cohen(Université Paris-Sud), A. Colla(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), Christophe Collette(Université Libre de Bruxelles), L. R. Cominsky(Sonoma State University), M. Constancio(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. Conti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), S. J. Cooper(University of Birmingham), P. Corban(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. R. Corbitt(Louisiana State University), I. Cordero-Carrión(Universitat de València), K. R. Corley(Columbia University), Neil J. Cornish(Montana State University), A. Corsi(Texas Tech University), S. Cortese(European Gravitational Observatory), C. A. Costa(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), M. W. Coughlin(California Institute of Technology), S. B. Coughlin(Northwestern University), J.‐P. Coulon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. T. Countryman(Columbia University), P. Couvares(California Institute of Technology), P. B. Covas(Universitat de les Illes Balears), E. E. Cowan(Georgia Institute of Technology), D. M. Coward(The University of Western Australia), M. J. Cowart(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. C. Coyne(California Institute of Technology), R. Coyne(Texas Tech University), J. D. E. Creighton(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), J. D. E. Creighton(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), J. Cripe(Louisiana State University), S. G. Crowder(Bellevue College), T. J. Cullen(Louisiana State University), A. Cumming(University of Glasgow), L. Cunningham(University of Glasgow), E. Cuoco(European Gravitational Observatory), T. Dal Canton(Goddard Space Flight Center), G. Dálya(Eötvös Loránd University), S. L. Danilishin(Leibniz University Hannover), S. D’Antonio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), K. Danzmann(Leibniz University Hannover), Arnab Dasgupta(Institute for Plasma Research), C. F. Da Silva Costa(University of Florida), V. Dattilo(European Gravitational Observatory), I. Dave(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), M. Davier(Université Paris-Sud), D. Davis(Syracuse University), E. J. Daw(University of Sheffield), B. Day(Georgia Institute of Technology), D. DeBra(Syracuse University), D. DeBra(Stanford University), J. Degallaix(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. De Laurentis(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), S. Deléglise(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), W. Del Pozzo(University of Pisa), N. Demos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Denker(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), T. Dent(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), R. De Pietri(University of Parma), V. Dergachev(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), R. De Rosa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), R. T. DeRosa(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), C. De Rossi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. DeSalvo(California State University Los Angeles), O. de Varona(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Devenson(University of the West of Scotland), S. Dhurandhar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), M. C. Díaz(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), L. Di Fiore(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), M. Di Giovanni(University of Trento), T. Di Girolamo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), A. Di Lieto(University of Pisa), S. Di Pace(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), I. Di Palma(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), F. Di Renzo(University of Pisa), Z. Doctor(University of Chicago), V. Dolique(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Donovan(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), K. L. Dooley(University of Mississippi), S. Doravari(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), I. Dorrington(Cardiff University), R. Douglas(University of Glasgow), M. Dovale Álvarez(University of Birmingham), T. P. Downes(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Drago(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. Dreissigacker(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du(Tsinghua University), M. Ducrot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Dupej(University of Glasgow), S. E. Dwyer, T. B. Edo(University of Sheffield), M. C. Edwards(Carleton College), A. Effler(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H.-B. Eggenstein(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Ehrens(California Institute of Technology), J. Eichholz(California Institute of Technology), S. S. Eikenberry(University of Florida), R. A. Eisenstein(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. C. Essick(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. Estevez(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Z. B. Etienne(West Virginia University), T. Etzel(California Institute of Technology), M. Evans(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), T. Evans(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Factourovich(Columbia University), V. Fafone(University of Rome Tor Vergata), H. Fair(Syracuse University), S. Fairhurst(Cardiff University), X. Fan(Tsinghua University), S. Farinon(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), B. Farr(University of Chicago), Will M. Farr(University of Birmingham), E. J. Fauchon-Jones(Cardiff University), M. Favata(Montclair State University), M. Fays(Cardiff University), C. Fee(Kenyon College), H. Fehrmann(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Feicht(California Institute of Technology), M. M. Fejer(Stanford University), A. Fernandez-Galiana(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), I. Ferrante(University of Pisa), E. C. Ferreira(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), F. Ferrini(European Gravitational Observatory), F. Fidecaro(University of Pisa), D. Finstad(Syracuse University), I. Fiori(European Gravitational Observatory), D. Fiorucci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Fishbach(University of Chicago), R. P. Fisher(Syracuse University), M. Fitz-Axen(University of Minnesota), R. Flaminio(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Fletcher(University of Glasgow), H. Fong(University of Toronto), José A. Font(Universitat de València), P. W. F. Forsyth(Australian National University), S. S. Forsyth(Georgia Institute of Technology), J.-D. Fournier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Frasca(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), F. Frasconi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), Z. Frei(Eötvös Loránd University), A. Freise(University of Birmingham), R. Frey(University of Oregon), R. Frey(Université Paris-Sud), E. M. Fries(California Institute of Technology), P. Fritschel(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), V. V. Frolov(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Fulda(University of Florida), M. Fyffe(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H. Gabbard(University of Glasgow), B. U. Gadre(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), S. M. Gaebel(University of Birmingham), J. R. Gair(University of Edinburgh), L. Gammaitoni(University of Perugia), M. R. Ganija(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), S. G. Gaonkar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), C. García-Quirós(Universitat de les Illes Balears), F. Garufi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), B. Gateley, S. Gaudio(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), G. Gaur(Indian Institute of Advanced Research), V. Gayathri(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram), N. Gehrels(Goddard Space Flight Center), G. Gemme(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), E. Genin(European Gravitational Observatory), A. Gennai(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), D. George(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), J. George(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), L. Gergely(University of Szeged), V. Germain(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Ghonge(Georgia Institute of Technology), Abhirup Ghosh(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Archisman Ghosh(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), S. Ghosh(Radboud University Nijmegen), J. A. Giaime(Louisiana State University), K. D. Giardina(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Giazotto(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), K. Gill(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), L. Glover(California State University Los Angeles), E. Goetz(University of Michigan), E. Goetz(University of Florida), S. Gomes(Cardiff University), B. Goncharov(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), G. González(Louisiana State University), J. M. Gonzalez Castro(University of Pisa), A. Gopakumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), M. L. Gorodetsky(Lomonosov Moscow State University), S. E. Gossan(California Institute of Technology), M. Gosselin(European Gravitational Observatory), R. Gouaty(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Grado(Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte), C. Graef(University of Glasgow), M. Granata(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Grant(University of Glasgow), S. Gras(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), C. Gray, G. Greco(University of Urbino), A. C. Green(University of Birmingham), E. M. Gretarsson(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), P. Groot(Radboud University Nijmegen), H. Grote(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Grünewald(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Grüning(Université Paris-Sud), G. M. Guidi(University of Urbino), X. Guo(Tsinghua University), Anchal Gupta(Pennsylvania State University), Manoj Gupta(Institute for Plasma Research), K. E. Gushwa(California Institute of Technology), E. K. Gustafson(California Institute of Technology), R. Gustafson(University of Michigan), O. Halim(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), E. D. Hall(Washington State University), E. D. Hall(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. Z. Hamilton(Cardiff University), G. Hammond(University of Glasgow), M. Haney(University of Zurich), M. M. Hanke(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Hanks, C. Hanna(Pennsylvania State University), M. D. Hannam(Cardiff University), O. A. Hannuksela(Chinese University of Hong Kong), J. Hanson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. Hardwick(Louisiana State University), J. Harms(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), I. W. Harry(American University), I. W. Harry(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. J. Hart(University of Glasgow), C.‐J. Haster(University of Toronto), K. Haughian(University of Glasgow), J. Healy(Rochester Institute of Technology), A. Heidmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. C. Heintze(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H. Heitmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Hello(Université Paris-Sud), G. Hemming(European Gravitational Observatory), M. Hendry(University of Glasgow), I. S. Heng(University of Glasgow), J. Hennig(University of Glasgow), A. W. Heptonstall(California Institute of Technology), M. Heurs(Leibniz University Hannover), S. Hild(University of Glasgow), Tanja Hinderer(Radboud University Nijmegen), D. Hoak(European Gravitational Observatory), D. Hofman(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), K. Holt(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. E. Holz(University of Chicago), Philip F. Hopkins(Cardiff University), C. Horst(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), J. Hough(University of Glasgow), E. A. Houston(University of Glasgow), E. J. Howell(The University of Western Australia), A. Hreibi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Yi-Ming Hu(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), E. A. Huerta(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), D. Huet(Université Paris-Sud), B. Hughey(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), S. Husa(Universitat de les Illes Balears), S. H. Huttner(University of Glasgow), T. Huynh–Dinh(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), N. Indik(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), R. Inta(Texas Tech University), G. Intini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), H. N. Isa(University of Glasgow), J.-M. Isac(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Isi(California Institute of Technology), B. R. Iyer(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), K. Jani(Georgia Institute of Technology), P. Jaranowski(University of Białystok), S. Jawahar(University of Strathclyde), F. Jiménez‐Forteza(Universitat de les Illes Balears), W. W. Johnson(Louisiana State University), Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel(University of Cambridge), D. I. Jones(University of Southampton), R. W. L. Jones(University of Glasgow), R. J. G. Jonker(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), L. Ju(The University of Western Australia), J. Junker(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. V. Kalaghatgi(Cardiff University), V. Kalogera(Northwestern University), B. Kamai(California Institute of Technology), S. Kandhasamy(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), G. Kang(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), J. B. Kanner(California Institute of Technology), S. J. Kapadia(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), S. Karki(University of Oregon), K. S. Karvinen(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Kasprzack(Louisiana State University), W. Kastaun(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Katolik(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), E. Katsavounidis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), W. Katzman(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), S. Kaufer(Leibniz University Hannover), K. Kawabe, F. Kéfélian(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Keitel(University of Glasgow), A. J. Kemball(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), R. Kennedy(University of Sheffield), C. Kent(Cardiff University), J. S. Key(University of Washington Bothell), F. Y. Khalili(Lomonosov Moscow State University), I. Khan(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), S. Khan(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), Z. Khan(Institute for Plasma Research), Е. А. Хазанов(Institute of Applied Physics), N. Kijbunchoo(Australian National University), Chunglee Kim(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute), J. C. Kim(Inje University), K. Kim(Chinese University of Hong Kong), W. Kim(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), W. S. Kim(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), Y.-M. Kim(Pusan National University), S. J. Kimbrell(Georgia Institute of Technology), E. J. King(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Peter King, M. Kinley-Hanlon(American University), R. Kirchhoff(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte(Universität Hamburg), S. Klimenko(University of Florida), T. D. Knowles(West Virginia University), Patrick M. Koch(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. M. Koehlenbeck(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Koley(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), V. Kondrashov(California Institute of Technology), A. Kontos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Korobko(Universität Hamburg), W. Z. Korth(California Institute of Technology), I. Kowalska(University of Warsaw), D. B. Kozak(California Institute of Technology), C. Krämer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), V. Kringel(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), B. Krishnan(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Królak(National Centre for Nuclear Research), A. Królak(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Kumar(University of Toronto), S. Kumar(Institute for Plasma Research), S. Kumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), L. Kuo(National Tsing Hua University), A. Kutynia(National Centre for Nuclear Research), S. Kwang(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), B. D. Lackey(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), K. H. Lai(Chinese University of Hong Kong), M. Landry, R. N. Lang(Hillsdale College), J. Lange(Rochester Institute of Technology), B. Lantz(Stanford University), R. K. Lanza(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), A. Lartaux-Vollard(Université Paris-Sud), P. D. Lasky(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), M. Laxen(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Lazzarini(California Institute of Technology), C. Lazzaro(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), P. Leaci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), S. Leavey(University of Glasgow), C. H. Lee(Pusan National University), H. K. Lee(Hanyang University), Hyung Mok Lee(Seoul National University), H. W. Lee(Inje University), K. Lee(University of Glasgow), J. Lehmann(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Lenon(West Virginia University), M. Leonardi(University of Trento), N. Leroy(Université Paris-Sud), N. Letendre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Y. Levin(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), T. G. F. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong), S. D. Linker(California State University Los Angeles), T. B. Littenberg(Marshall Space Flight Center), J. Liu(The University of Western Australia), R. K. L. Lo(Chinese University of Hong Kong), N. A. Lockerbie(University of Strathclyde), L. T. London(Cardiff University), J. E. Lord(Syracuse University), M. Lorenzini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso), V. Loriette(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Lormand(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), G. Losurdo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), J. D. Lough(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. O. Loustó(Rochester Institute of Technology), Geoffrey Lovelace(California State University, Fullerton), H. Lück(Leibniz University Hannover), D. Lumaca(University of Rome Tor Vergata), A. P. Lundgren(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), R. Lynch(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Y. Ma(California Institute of Technology), R. Macas(Cardiff University), S. Macfoy(University of the West of Scotland), B. Machenschalk(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. MacInnis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. M. Macleod(Cardiff University), I. Magaña Hernandez(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), F. Magaña‐Sandoval(Syracuse University), L. Magaña Zertuche(Syracuse University), R. M. Magee(Pennsylvania State University), E. Majorana(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), I. Maksimovic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), N. Man(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), V. Mandic(University of Minnesota), V. Mangano(University of Glasgow), G. L. Mansell(Australian National University), M. Manske(Australian National University), M. Mantovani(European Gravitational Observatory), F. Marchesoni(Università di Camerino), F. Marion(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Szabolcs Márka(Columbia University), Z. Márka(Columbia University), C. Markakis(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), A. S. Markosyan(Stanford University), A. Markowitz(California Institute of Technology), E. Maros(California Institute of Technology), Antonio Marquina(Universitat de València), F. Martelli(University of Urbino), L. Martellini(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), I. W. Martin(University of Glasgow), R. M. Martin(Montclair State University), Д. В. Мартынов(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), K. Mason(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. Massera(University of Sheffield), A. Masserot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), T. J. Massinger(California Institute of Technology), M. Masso‐Reid(University of Glasgow), S. Mastrogiovanni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), A. Matas(University of Minnesota), F. Matichard(California Institute of Technology), L. Matone(Columbia University), N. Mavalvala(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), N. Mazumder(Washington State University), R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland(Australian National University), S. McCormick(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), L. McCuller(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), S. C. McGuire(Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College), G. McIntyre(California Institute of Technology), J. McIver(California Institute of Technology), D. J. McManus(Australian National University), L. McNeill(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), T. McRae(Australian National University), S. T. McWilliams(West Virginia University), D. Meacher(Pennsylvania State University), G. D. Meadors(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Mehmet(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Meidam(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), E. Mejuto-Villa(University of Sannio), A. Melatos(The University of Melbourne), G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Meshkov(California Institute of Technology), C. Messenger(University of Glasgow), C. Messick(Pennsylvania State University), R. Metzdorff(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. M. Meyers(University of Minnesota), H. Miao(University of Birmingham), C. Michel(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), H. Middleton(University of Birmingham), Е. Е. Михайлов(William & Mary), L. Milano(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), A. L. Miller(University of Florida), B. B. Miller(Northwestern University), J. Miller(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Millhouse(Montana State University), M. C. Milovich-Goff(California State University Los Angeles), O. Minazzoli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Y. Minenkov(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), J. Ming(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), C. Mishra(Indian Institute of Technology Madras), S. Mitra(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), O. Miyakawa(Lomonosov Moscow State University), G. Mitselmakher(University of Florida), R. Mittleman(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. Moffa(Kenyon College), A. Moggi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), K. Mogushi(University of Mississippi), M. Mohan(European Gravitational Observatory), S. R. P. Mohapatra(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Montani(University of Urbino), C. J. Moore(University of Cambridge), D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. R. Morriss(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), B. Mours(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C. M. Mow–Lowry(University of Birmingham), G. Mueller(University of Florida), A. W. Muir(Cardiff University), Arunava Mukherjee(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. Mukherjee(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Suvodip Mukherjee(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), N. Mukund(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), A. Mullavey(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), J. Münch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), E. A. Muñiz(Syracuse University), M. Muratore(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), P. G. Murray(University of Glasgow), K. Napier(Georgia Institute of Technology), I. Nardecchia(University of Rome Tor Vergata), L. Naticchioni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), R. K. Nayak(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata), J. Neilson(California State University Los Angeles), G. Nelemans(Radboud University Nijmegen), T. J. N. Nelson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Nery(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Neunzert(University of Michigan), L. Nevin(California Institute of Technology), J. M. Newport(American University), G. Newton(FORCE Technology (Norway)), Ken K. Y. Ng(Chinese University of Hong Kong), T. T. Nguyen(Australian National University), David A. Nichols(Radboud University Nijmegen), A. B. Nielsen(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Nissanke(Radboud University Nijmegen), A. Nitz(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Noack(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), F. Nocera(European Gravitational Observatory), D. Nolting(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), C. North(Cardiff University), L. K. Nuttall(Cardiff University), J. Oberling, G. D. O’Dea(California State University Los Angeles), G. H. Ogin(Whitman College), J. J. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), S. H. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), F. Ohme(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. A. Okada(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), M. Oliver(Universitat de les Illes Balears), P. Oppermann(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), Richard J. Oram(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. O’Reilly(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. G. Ormiston(University of Minnesota), L. F. Ortega(University of Florida), R. O’Shaughnessy(Rochester Institute of Technology), Serguei Ossokine(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. J. Ottaway(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), H. Overmier(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. J. Owen(Texas Tech University), A. E. Pace(Pennsylvania State University), J. Page(Marshall Space Flight Center), M. A. Page(The University of Western Australia), A. Pai(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay), S. A. Pai(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), J. R. Palamos(University of Oregon), O. Palashov(Institute of Applied Physics), C. Palomba(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), A. Pal‐Singh(Universität Hamburg), H. Pan(National Tsing Hua University), Huang-Wei Pan(National Tsing Hua University), B. Pang(California Institute of Technology), P. T. H. Pang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), C. Pankow(Northwestern University), F. Pannarale(Cardiff University), B. C. Pant(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), F. Paoletti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), A. Paoli(European Gravitational Observatory), M. A. Papa(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Parida(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), W. Parker(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. Pascucci(University of Glasgow), A. Pasqualetti(European Gravitational Observatory), R. Passaquieti(University of Pisa), D. Passuello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), M. Patil(Institute of Mathematics), B. Patricelli(Scuola Normale Superiore), B. L. Pearlstone(University of Glasgow), M. Pedraza(California Institute of Technology), R. Pedurand(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), L. Pekowsky(Syracuse University), A. Pele(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), S. Penn(Hobart and William Smith Colleges), C. J. Perez, A. Perreca(California Institute of Technology), L. M. Perri(Northwestern University), Harald Pfeiffer(University of Toronto), M. Phelps(University of Glasgow), O. J. Piccinni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), M. Pichot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F. Piergiovanni(University of Urbino), V. Pierro(University of Sannio), G. Pillant(European Gravitational Observatory), L. Pinard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), I. M. Pinto(University of Sannio), M. Pirello, M. Pitkin(University of Glasgow), M. Poe(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), R. Poggiani(University of Pisa), P. Popolizio(European Gravitational Observatory), E. K. Porter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Post(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Powell(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), J. Prasad(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), J. W. W. Pratt(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), G. Pratten(Universitat de les Illes Balears), V. Predoi(Cardiff University), T. Prestegard(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Prijatelj(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Principe(University of Sannio), S. Privitera(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), G. A. Prodi(University of Trento), L. Prokhorov(Lomonosov Moscow State University), O. Puncken(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Punturo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia), P. Puppo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), M. Pürrer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), H. Qi(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), V. Quetschke(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), E. A. Quintero(California Institute of Technology), R. Quitzow-James(University of Oregon), F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling(Australian National University), H. Radkins, P. Raffai(Eötvös Loránd University), S. Raja(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), C. Rajan(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology), B. Rajbhandari(Texas Tech University), M. Rakhmanov(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), K. E. Ramirez(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), A. Ramos-Buades(Universitat de les Illes Balears), P. Rapagnani(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), V. Raymond(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Razzano(University of Pisa), J. Read(California State University, Fullerton), T. Regimbau(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), L. Rei(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), S. Reid(University of Strathclyde), D. H. Reitze(California Institute of Technology), W. Ren(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. D. Reyes(Syracuse University), F. Ricci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I), P. M. Ricker(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. Rieger(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), K. Riles(University of Michigan), M. Rizzo(Rochester Institute of Technology), N. A. Robertson(California Institute of Technology), R. Robie(University of Glasgow), F. Robinet(Université Paris-Sud), A. Rocchi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata), L. Rolland(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. G. Rollins(California Institute of Technology), V. J. Roma(University of Oregon), R. Romano(University of Salerno), C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. Rosińska(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. P. Ross(University of Washington), S. Rowan(University of Glasgow), A. Rüdiger(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Ruggi(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Rutins(University of the West of Scotland), K. Ryan, S. Sachdev(California Institute of Technology), T. Sadecki, L. Sadeghian(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Mairi Sakellariadou(University of London), L. Salconi(European Gravitational Observatory), M. Saleem(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram), F. Salemi(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), A. Samajdar(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata), L. Sammut(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), L. M. Sampson(Northwestern University), E. J. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), L. E. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), N. Sanchis-Gual(Universitat de València), V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders(Syracuse University), B. Sassolas(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), B. S. Sathyaprakash(Pennsylvania State University), P. R. Saulson(Syracuse University), O. Sauter(University of Michigan), R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky(Universität Hamburg), P. Schale(University of Oregon), M. Scheel(California Institute of Technology), Jacob Scheuer(Northwestern University), P. Schmidt(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Schmidt(California Institute of Technology), R. Schnabel(Universität Hamburg), R. M. S. Schofield(University of Oregon), A. Schönbeck(Universität Hamburg), E. Schreiber(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. Schuette(Leibniz University Hannover), B. W. Schulte(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), B. F. Schutz(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. G. Schwalbe(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), J. Scott(University of Glasgow), S. M. Scott(Australian National University), E. Seidel(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), D. Sellers(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. S. Sengupta(Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar), D. Sentenac(European Gravitational Observatory), V. Sequino(University of Rome Tor Vergata), A. Sergeev(Institute of Applied Physics), D. A. Shaddock(Australian National University), Thomas Shaffer, A. A. Shah(Marshall Space Flight Center), M. S. Shahriar(Northwestern University), M. B. Shaner(California State University Los Angeles), Lijing Shao(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), B. Shapiro(Stanford University), P. Shawhan(University of Maryland, College Park), A. Sheperd(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), D. H. Shoemaker(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. M. Shoemaker(Georgia Institute of Technology), K. Siellez(Georgia Institute of Technology), X. Siemens(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), M. Sieniawska(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center), D. Sigg, A. D. Silva(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), L. P. Singer(Goddard Space Flight Center), A. Singh(Leibniz University Hannover), A. Singhal(Gran Sasso Science Institute), A. M. Sintes(Universitat de les Illes Balears), B. J. J. Slagmolen(Australian National University), J. R. Smith(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), J. R. Smith(California State University, Fullerton), R. J. E. Smith(California Institute of Technology), S. Somala(Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad), E. J. Son(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences), J. A. Sonnenberg(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), B. Sorazu(University of Glasgow), F. Sorrentino(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova), T. Souradeep(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), A. P. Spencer(University of Glasgow), A. K. Srivastava(Institute for Plasma Research), K. Staats(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), A. Staley(Columbia University), M. Steinke(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg), S. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg), D. Steinmeyer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. P. Stevenson(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), R. Stone(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), D. J. Stops(University of Birmingham), K. A. Strain(University of Glasgow), G. Stratta(University of Urbino), S. E. Strigin(Lomonosov Moscow State University), A. Strunk, R. Sturani(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte), A. L. Stuver(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. Z. Summerscales(Andrews University), L. Sun(The University of Melbourne), L. Sun(Institute for Plasma Research), J. Suresh(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics), P. J. Sutton(Cardiff University), B. L. Swinkels(European Gravitational Observatory), M. J. Szczepańczyk(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), M. Tacca(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), S. C. Tait(University of Glasgow), C. Talbot(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), D. Talukder(University of Oregon), D. B. Tanner(University of Florida), M. Tápai(University of Szeged), A. Taracchini(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. D. Tasson(Carleton College), Jason Taylor(Marshall Space Flight Center), R. Taylor(California Institute of Technology), S. V. Tewari(Hobart and William Smith Colleges), T. Theeg(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), F. Thies(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), E. G. Thomas(University of Birmingham), M. Thomas(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), K. S. Thorne(California Institute of Technology), E. Thrane(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Shubhanshu Tiwari(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications), V. Tiwari(Cardiff University), K. V. Tokmakov(University of Strathclyde), K. Toland(University of Glasgow), M. Tonelli(University of Pisa), Z. Tornasi(University of Glasgow), A. Torres-Forné(Universitat de València), C. I. Torrie(California Institute of Technology), D. Töyrä(University of Birmingham), F. Travasso(European Gravitational Observatory), G. Traylor(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), J. Trinastic(University of Florida), M. C. Tringali(University of Trento), L. Trozzo(University of Siena), K. W. Tsang(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. Tse(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. Tso(California Institute of Technology), Leo Tsukada(The University of Tokyo), D. Tsuna(The University of Tokyo), D. Tuyenbayev(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), K. Ueno(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), D. Ugolini(Trinity University), B. Krishnan(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), A. L. Urban(California Institute of Technology), S. A. Usman(Cardiff University), H. Vahlbruch(Leibniz University Hannover), G. Vajente(California Institute of Technology), G. Valdes(Louisiana State University), N. van Bakel(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), M. van Beuzekom(Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), J. F. J. van den Brand(University of Groningen), C. Van Den Broeck(Syracuse University), D. C. Vander‐Hyde(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), L. van der Schaaf(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), J. V. van Heijningen(University of Glasgow), A. A. van Veggel(University of Padua), M. Vardaro(California Institute of Technology), Vijay Varma(California Institute of Technology), S. Vass(HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics), M. Vasúth(University of Birmingham), A. Vecchio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), G. Vedovato(University of Glasgow), J. Veitch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), P. J. Veitch(University of Washington), K. Venkateswara(California Institute of Technology), G. Venugopalan(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. Verkindt(University of Urbino), F. Vetrano(University of Urbino), A. Viceré(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), A. D. Viets(University of Birmingham), S. Vinciguerra(University of the West of Scotland), D. J. Vine(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J.-Y. Vinet(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), S. Vitale(Syracuse University), T. Vo(University of Perugia), H. Vocca, C. Vorvick(Lomonosov Moscow State University), S. P. Vyatchanin(California Institute of Technology), A. R. Wade(Kenyon College), L. E. Wade(Kenyon College), M. Wade(National Institute for Subatomic Physics), R. Walet(California State University, Fullerton), M. Walker(California Institute of Technology), L. Wallace(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. Walsh(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze), G. Wang(University of Birmingham), H. Wang(Pennsylvania State University), J. Z. Wang(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), W. H. Wang(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Y. F. Wang(Australian National University), R. L. Ward, J. Warner(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Wąs(Université Libre de Bruxelles), J. Watchi, B. Weaver(Leibniz University Hannover), L.‐W. Wei(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. Weinert(California Institute of Technology), A. J. Weinstein(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. Weiss(The University of Western Australia), L. Wen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), E. K. Wessel(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), P. Weßels(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Westerweck(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), T. Westphal(Australian National University), K. Wette(Rochester Institute of Technology), J. T. Whelan(California Institute of Technology), S. E. Whitcomb(University of Florida), B. F. Whiting(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), C. Whittle(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), D. Wilken(University of Glasgow), D. R. Williams(California Institute of Technology), R. D. Williams(Radboud University Nijmegen), A. R. Williamson(California Institute of Technology), J. L. Willis(Leibniz University Hannover), B. Willke(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), M. H. Wimmer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), W. Winkler(California Institute of Technology), C. C. Wipf(Leibniz University Hannover), H. Wittel(University of Glasgow), G. Woan(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), J. Woehler(Rochester Institute of Technology), J. Wofford(Chinese University of Hong Kong), Kaze W. K. Wong, J. Worden(University of Glasgow), J. L. Wright(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), Di Wu(Rochester Institute of Technology), D. M. Wysocki(California Institute of Technology), S. Xiao(California Institute of Technology), H. Yamamoto(University of Maryland, College Park), C. C. Yancey(Colorado State University), L. Yang(Australian National University), M. J. Yap(University of Florida), M. Yazback(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Hang Yu(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Haocun Yu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), M. Yvert(National Centre for Nuclear Research), A. Zadrożny(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University), M. Zanolin(European Gravitational Observatory), T. Zelenova(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova), J.‐P. Zendri(Northwestern University), M. Zevin(California Institute of Technology), L. Zhang(William & Mary), M. Zhang(University of Glasgow), T. Zhang(Rochester Institute of Technology), Y.-H. Zhang(The University of Western Australia), C. Zhao(Northwestern University), M. Zhou(Northwestern University), Z. Zhou(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), S. J. Zhu(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), X. J. Zhu(University of Toronto), Aaron Zimmerman(California Institute of Technology), M. E. Zucker(California Institute of Technology), J. Zweizig(Goddard Space Flight Center), Eric Burns(University of Alabama in Huntsville), P. Vereš(Marshall Space Flight Center), D. Kocevski(Goddard Space Flight Center), J. L. Racusin(Universities Space Research Association), A. Goldstein(Universities Space Research Association), V. Connaughton(University of Alabama in Huntsville), M. S. Briggs(Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian), Lindy Blackburn(University of Alabama in Huntsville), R. Hamburg(Marshall Space Flight Center), C. M. Hui(Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), A. von Kienlin(Goddard Space Flight Center), J. McEnery(University of Alabama in Huntsville), R. D. Preece(Marshall Space Flight Center), C. Wilson‐Hodge(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari), E. Bissaldi(Universities Space Research Association), W. H. Cleveland(Jacobs (United States)), M. H. Gibby(Jacobs (United States)), M. M. Giles(Los Alamos National Laboratory), R. M. Kippen(University College Dublin), S. McBreen(University of Alabama in Huntsville), C. Meegan(Universities Space Research Association), W. S. Pačiesas(University of Alabama in Huntsville), S. Poolakkil(Universities Space Research Association), O. J. Roberts(University of Alabama in Huntsville), M. Stanbro(University of Geneva), (Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor)(University of Geneva), V. Savchenko(European Space Research and Technology Centre), C. Ferrigno(Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology), E. Kuulkers(University of Geneva), A. Bazzano(DTU Space), E. Bozzo(DTU Space), S. Brandt(University of Geneva), J. Chenevez(Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), T. J.-L. Courvoisier(Centro de Astrobiología), R. Diehl(University College Dublin), A. Domingo(Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées), L. Hanlon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), E. Jourdain(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Laurent(Space Research Institute), F. Lebrun(National Institute for Astrophysics), A. Lutovinov(Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology), S. Mereghetti(Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology), L. Natalucci(Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées), J. Rodi(Space Research Institute), J. P. Roques(Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology), R. Sunyaev, P. Ubertini, (INTEGRAL)
Cited by 3,513Open Access
Abstract
Abstract On 2017 August 17, the gravitational-wave event GW170817 was observed by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 170817A was observed independently by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory . The probability of the near-simultaneous temporal and spatial observation of GRB 170817A and GW170817 occurring by chance is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>5.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . We therefore confirm binary neutron star mergers as a progenitor of short GRBs. The association of GW170817 and GRB 170817A provides new insight into fundamental physics and the origin of short GRBs. We use the observed time delay of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.74</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:math> between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to: (i) constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and the speed of light to be between <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> times the speed of light, (ii) place new bounds on the violation of Lorentz invariance, (iii) present a new test of the equivalence principle by constraining the Shapiro delay between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We also use the time delay to constrain the size and bulk Lorentz factor of the region emitting the gamma-rays. GRB 170817A is the closest short GRB with a known distance, but is between 2 and 6 orders of magnitude less energetic than other bursts with measured redshift. A new generation of gamma-ray detectors, and subthreshold searches in existing detectors, will be essential to detect similar short bursts at greater distances. Finally, we predict a joint detection rate for the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors of 0.1–1.4 per year during the 2018–2019 observing run and 0.3–1.7 per year at design sensitivity.
Related Papers
No related papers found
Powered by citation graph analysis