Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Hunna J. Watson(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Zeynep Yılmaz(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Laura M. Thornton(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Christopher Hübel(King's College London), Jonathan R. I. Coleman(National Health Service), Héléna A. Gaspar(National Health Service), Julien Bryois(Karolinska Institutet), Anke Hinney(Karolinska Institutet), Virpi Leppä(Aarhus University), Manuel Mattheisen(Aarhus University), Sarah E. Medland(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Stephan Ripke(Broad Institute), Shuyang Yao(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Paola Giusti‐Rodríguez(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Ken B. Hanscombe(Guy's Hospital), Kirstin L. Purves(King's College London), Roger A.H. Adan(Karolinska Institutet), Lars Alfredsson(Karolinska Institutet), Tetsuya Ando(Oslo University Hospital), Ole A. Andreassen(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jessica H. Baker(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Wade H. Berrettini(Technische Universität Dresden), Ilka Boehm(Inserm), Claudette Boni(Inserm), Vesna Boraska Perica(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Katharina Buehren(Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst), Roland Burghardt(University of Padua), Matteo Cassina(University of Padua), Sven Cichon(University of Padua), Maurizio Clementi(University of Padua), Roger D. Cone(Université de Montpellier), Philippe Courtet(University of Minnesota), Scott J. Crow(University of Minnesota), James J. Crowley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Unna N. Danner(University of Bristol), Oliver S. P. Davis(Medizinische Hochschule Hannover), Martina de Zwaan(Harokopio University of Athens), George Dedoussis(University of Padua), Daniela Degortes(University of Padua), Janiece E. DeSocio(Virginia Commonwealth University), Danielle M. Dick(Virginia Commonwealth University), Dimitris Dikeos(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Christian Dina(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Monika Dmitrzak‐Węglarz(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Elisa Docampo(Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Laramie E. Duncan(Universitätsklinikum Würzburg), Karin Egberts(Universitätsklinikum Würzburg), Stefan Ehrlich(Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology), Geòrgia Escaramís(Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Tõnu Esko(Broad Institute), Xavier Estivill(Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Anne Farmer(University of Padua), Angela Favaro(University of Padua), Fernando Fernández‐Aranda(Bellvitge University Hospital), Manfred M. Fichter(Schön Klinik Roseneck), Krista Fischer(University of Tartu), Manuel Föcker(Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute), Lenka Foretová(University Hospital of Basel), Andreas J. Forstner(University of Bonn), Monica Forzan(University of Padua), Christopher S. Franklin(University of Toronto), Steven Gallinger(University of Toronto), Ina Giegling(University of Duisburg-Essen), Johanna Giuranna(National and Kapodistrian University of Athens), Fragiskos Gonidakis(Inserm), Philip Gorwood(Inserm), Monica Gratacos Mayora(Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Sébastien Guillaume(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Yiran Guo(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Håkon Håkonarson(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Joanna Hauser(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Johannes Hebebrand(King's College London), Sietske G. Helder(King's College London), Stefan Herms(University of Bonn), Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann(Heidelberg University), Wolfgang Herzog(Heidelberg University), Laura M. Huckins(Harvard University), James I. Hudson(Harvard University), Hartmut Imgart(Tokai University), Hidetoshi Inoko(Tokai University), Vladimír Janout(Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge), Susana Jiménez‐Múrcia(Bellvitge University Hospital), Antonio Julià(King's College London), Gursharan Kalsi(King's College London), Deborah Kaminská(University of Helsinki), Jaakko Kaprio(University of Helsinki), Leila Karhunen(University of Eastern Finland), Andreas Karwautz(University Medical Center Utrecht), Martien J. Kas(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), James L. Kennedy(University of Helsinki), Anna Keski‐Rahkonen(University of Helsinki), Kirsty Kiezebrink(University of Aberdeen), Youl‐Ri Kim(Karolinska University Hospital), Lars Klareskog(Karolinska University Hospital), Kelly L. Klump(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Gun Peggy Knudsen(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Maria C. La Via(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Stéphanie Le Hellard(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Robert D. Levitan(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia), Dong Li(Argosy University), Lisa Lilenfeld(Argosy University), Bochao Lin(University Medical Center Utrecht), Jolanta Lissowska(University Medical Center Utrecht), Jurjen J. Luykx(University Medical Center Utrecht), Pierre J. Magistretti(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Mario Maj(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Katrin Männik(Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca), Sara Marsal(Hospital for Sick Children), Christian R. Marshall(Oslo University Hospital), Morten Mattingsdal(Oslo University Hospital), Sara McDevitt(King's College London), Peter McGuffin(King's College London), Andres Metspalu(Leiden University Medical Center), Ingrid Meulenbelt(University of Geneva), Nadia Micali(Boston University), Karen S. Mitchell(Boston University), Alessio Maria Monteleone(University of Salerno), Palmiero Monteleone(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Benedetta Nacmias(Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute), Marie Navratilova(Harokopio University of Athens), Ιωάννα Ντάλλα(Harokopio University of Athens), Julie K. O’Toole(University Medical Center Utrecht), Roel A. Ophoff(Karolinska University Hospital), Leonid Padyukov(Broad Institute), Aarno Palotie(Broad Institute), Jacques Pantel(Inserm), Hana Papežová(Charles University), Dalila Pinto(Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona), Raquel Rabionet(Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona), Anu Raevuori(University of Helsinki), Nicolás Ramoz(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Valdo Ricca(Broad Institute), Samuli Ripatti(Broad Institute), Franziska Ritschel(Technische Universität Dresden), Marion Roberts(University of Pisa), Alessandro Rotondo(University of Pisa), Dan Rujescu(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Filip Rybakowski(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Paolo Santonastaso(University of Padua), André Scherag(Hospital for Sick Children), Stephen W. Scherer(National Health Service), Ulrike Schmidt(National Health Service), Nicholas J. Schork(J. Craig Venter Institute), Alexandra Schosser(Medical University of Vienna), Jochen Seitz(Charles University), Lenka Šlachtová(Charles University), P. Eline Slagboom(Leiden University Medical Center), M Landt(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Agnieszka Slopien(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Sandro Sorbi(Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine), Beata Świątkowska(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jin P. Szatkiewicz(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Ioanna Tachmazidou(University of Padua), Elena Tenconi(University of Padua), Alfonso Tortorella(University of Perugia), Federica Tozzi(King's College London), Janet Treasure(National Health Service), Άρτεμις Τσίτσικα(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Konstantinos Tziouvas(National and Kapodistrian University of Athens), Annemarie Elburg(Utrecht University), Eric F. van Furth(Leiden University Medical Center), Gudrun Wagner(Medical University of Vienna), Esther Walton(University of Helsinki), Elisabeth Widén(University of Helsinki), Eleftheria Zeggini(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Stephanie Zerwas(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Stephan Zipfel(BioRealm (United States)), Andrew W. Bergen(Oregon Research Institute), Joseph M. Boden(Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital), Harry Brandt(Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital), Steven Crawford(Cornell University), Katherine A. Halmi(Cornell University), L. John Horwood(The Recovery Center), Craig Johnson(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Allan S. Kaplan(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Walter H. Kaye(University of North Dakota), James E. Mitchell(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Catherine M. Olsen(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), John F. Pearson(Karolinska Institutet), Nancy L. Pedersen(University of California, Los Angeles), Michael Strober(University of Copenhagen), Thomas Werge(University of Copenhagen), David C. Whiteman(University of Toronto), D. Blake Woodside(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Garret D. Stuber(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Scott D. Gordon(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Jakob Grove(The University of Queensland), Anjali K. Henders(The University of Queensland), Anders Juréus(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Katherine M. Kirk(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Janne Tidselbak Larsen(Aarhus University), Richard Parker(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Liselotte Petersen(Aarhus University), Jennifer Jordan(Canterbury District Health Board), Martin A. Kennedy(The University of Queensland), Grant W. Montgomery(The University of Queensland), Tracey Wade(Flinders University), Andreas Birgegård(Stockholm County Council), Paul Lichtenstein(Stockholm County Council), Claes Norring(Stockholm County Council), Mikael Landén(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Nicholas G. Martin(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Preben Bo Mortensen(Aarhus University), Patrick F. Sullivan(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Gerome Breen(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Cynthia M. Bulik(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Cited by 1,175Open Access
Abstract
and the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-ED) and conduct a genome-wide association study of 16,992 cases of anorexia nervosa and 55,525 controls, identifying eight significant loci. The genetic architecture of anorexia nervosa mirrors its clinical presentation, showing significant genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders, physical activity, and metabolic (including glycemic), lipid and anthropometric traits, independent of the effects of common variants associated with body-mass index. These results further encourage a reconceptualization of anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Elucidating the metabolic component is a critical direction for future research, and paying attention to both psychiatric and metabolic components may be key to improving outcomes.
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