Impact of preexisting dengue immunity on Zika virus emergence in a dengue endemic region

Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer(University of California, San Francisco), Federico Costa(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Eduardo J. M. Nascimento(University of Pittsburgh), Nívison Nery(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Priscila M. S. Castanha(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Gielson Almeida do Sacramento(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Jaqueline S. Cruz(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Mayara Carvalho(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Daiana De Olivera(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), José E. Hagan(Yale University), Haritha Adhikarla(Yale University), Elsio A. Wunder(Yale University), Danilo F. Coêlho(Universidade Federal de Pernambuco), Sasha R. Azar(The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston), Shannan L. Rossi(The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston), Nikos Vasilakis(The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston), Scott C. Weaver(The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston), Guilherme S. Ribeiro(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Ángel Balmaseda(National Autonomous University of Nicaragua), Eva Harris(University of California, Berkeley), Maurício Lacerda Nogueira(Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto), Mitermayer Galvão dos Reis(Universidade Federal da Bahia), Ernesto T. A. Marques(University of Pittsburgh), Derek A. T. Cummings(University of Florida), Albert I. Ko(Yale University)
Science
February 7, 2019
10.1126/science.aav6618
Cited by 256Open Access
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Abstract

The clinical outcomes associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas have been well documented, but other aspects of the pandemic, such as attack rates and risk factors, are poorly understood. We prospectively followed a cohort of 1453 urban residents in Salvador, Brazil, and, using an assay that measured immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) responses against ZIKV NS1 antigen, we estimated that 73% of individuals were infected during the 2015 outbreak. Attack rates were spatially heterogeneous, varying by a factor of 3 within a community spanning 0.17 square kilometers. Preexisting high antibody titers to dengue virus were associated with reduced risk of ZIKV infection and symptoms. The landscape of ZIKV immunity that now exists may affect the risk for future transmission.

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