The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

James E. Galagan(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Sarah E. Calvo(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Katherine A. Borkovich(University of California, Riverside), Eric U. Selker(University of Oregon), Nick D. Read(University of Edinburgh), David B. Jaffe(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), William W. Fitzhugh, Li‐Jun Ma(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Serge Smirnov(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Seth Purcell(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Bushra Rehman(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Timothy Elkins(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Reinhard Engels(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Shunguang Wang(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Cydney Nielsen(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Jonathan A. Butler(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Matthew G. Endrizzi(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Dayong Qui(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Peter Ianakiev(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Deborah Bell‐Pedersen(Texas A&M University), Mary Anne Nelson(University of New Mexico), Margaret Werner‐Washburne(University of New Mexico), Claude P. Selitrennikoff(University of Colorado Health), John Á. Kinsey(University of Kansas), Edward L. Braun(University of Florida), Alex Zelter(Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Ulrich Schulte(Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf), Gregory O. Kothe(University of Oregon), Gregory Jedd(Rockefeller University), Hans‐Werner Mewes(Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences), Chuck Stäben(University of Kentucky), Edward M. Marcotte(The University of Texas at Austin), David Greenberg, Alice C. Roy(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Karen Foley(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Jerome W. Naylor(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Nicole Stange-Thomann(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Robert J. Barrett(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Sante Gnerre(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Michael Kamal(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Manolis Kamvysselis(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Evan Mauceli(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), C. Bielke(Technical University of Munich), Stephen Rudd, Dmitrij Frishman, Svetlana Kryštofová(University of California, Riverside), Carolyn G. Rasmussen(University of California, Berkeley), Robert L. Metzenberg(University of California, Los Angeles), David D. Perkins(University of California, Los Angeles), Scott Kroken(University of California, Berkeley), Carlo Cogoni(Sapienza University of Rome), Giuseppe Macino(Sapienza University of Rome), David Catcheside(Flinders University), Weixi Li(University of Kentucky), Robert Pratt(Texas A&M University), Stephen A. Osmani(The Ohio State University), Colin P. C. DeSouza(The Ohio State University), Louise Glass(University of California, Berkeley), Marc J. Orbach(University of Arizona), J. Andrew Berglund(University of Oregon), Rodger B. Voelker(University of Oregon), Oded Yarden(Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Michael Plamann(University of Missouri–Kansas City), Stephan Seiler(University of Missouri–Kansas City), Jay Dunlap(Dartmouth College), Alan Radford(University of Leeds), Rodolfo Aramayo(Texas A&M University), Donald O. Natvig(University of New Mexico), Lisa A. Alex(California State Polytechnic University), Gertrud Mannhaupt(Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences), Daniel J. Ebbole(Texas A&M University), Michael Freitag(University of Oregon), Ian T. Paulsen, Matthew S. Sachs(Oregon Health & Science University), Eric S. Lander(IIT@MIT), Chad Nusbaum(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research), Bruce W. Birren(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research)
Nature
April 1, 2003
10.1038/nature01554
Cited by 1,707Open Access
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Abstract

Neurospora crassa is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Here, we report a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome. The approximately 40-megabase genome encodes about 10,000 protein-coding genes--more than twice as many as in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and only about 25% fewer than in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the gene set yields insights into unexpected aspects of Neurospora biology including the identification of genes potentially associated with red light photobiology, genes implicated in secondary metabolism, and important differences in Ca2+ signalling as compared with plants and animals. Neurospora possesses the widest array of genome defence mechanisms known for any eukaryotic organism, including a process unique to fungi called repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). Genome analysis suggests that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related genes.

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