A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome

Richard E. Green(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Johannes Krause(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Adrian W. Briggs(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Tomislav Maričić(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Udo Stenzel(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Martin Kircher(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Nick Patterson(Broad Institute), Heng Li(Broad Institute), Weiwei Zhai(University of California, Berkeley), Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz(European Bioinformatics Institute), Nancy F. Hansen(National Institutes of Health), Éric Durand(University of California, Berkeley), Anna‐Sapfo Malaspinas(University of California, Berkeley), Jeffrey D. Jensen(University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), Tomàs Marquès‐Bonet(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Can Alkan(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Kay Prüfer(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Matthias Meyer(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Hernán A. Burbano(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Jeffrey M. Good(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Rigo Schultz(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Ayinuer Aximu‐Petri(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Anne Butthof(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Barbara Höber(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Barbara Höffner(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Madlen Siegemund(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Antje Weihmann(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Chad Nusbaum(Broad Institute), Eric S. Lander(Broad Institute), Carsten Russ(Broad Institute), Nathaniel Novod(Broad Institute), Jason P. Affourtit(Enzo Life Sciences (United States)), Michael D. Miller(Enzo Life Sciences (United States)), Christine Verna(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Pavao Rudan(Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Dejana Brajković(Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Željko Kućan(Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Ivan Gušić(Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Vladimir B. Doronichev, Liubov V. Golovanova, Carles Lalueza‐Fox(Institut de Biologia Evolutiva), Marco de la Rasilla Vives(Universidad de Oviedo), Javier Fortea(Universidad de Oviedo), Antonio Rosas(Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), Ralf W. Schmitz(University of Bonn), Philip L. Johnson(Emory University), Evan E. Eichler(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Daniel Falush(University College Cork), Ewan Birney(European Bioinformatics Institute), James C. Mullikin(National Institutes of Health), Montgomery Slatkin(University of California, Berkeley), Rasmus Nielsen(University of California, Berkeley), Janet Kelso(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Michael Lachmann(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), David Reich(Broad Institute), Svante Pääbo(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)
Science
May 6, 2010
10.1126/science.1188021
Cited by 4,539Open Access
Full Text

Abstract

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.

Related Papers

No related papers found

Powered by citation graph analysis