Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
S. M. McLennan(State University of New York), R. B. Anderson(United States Geological Survey), J. F. Bell(Arizona State University), J. C. Bridges(University of Leicester), F. J. Calef(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), John Campbell(University of Guelph), B. C. Clark(Space Science Institute), S. M. Clegg(Los Alamos National Laboratory), P. G. Conrad(Goddard Space Flight Center), A. Cousin(Los Alamos National Laboratory), David J. Des Marais(Ames Research Center), Gilles Dromart(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), M. D. Dyar(Mount Holyoke College), L. A. Edgar(Arizona State University), B. L. Ehlmann(California Institute of Technology), C. Fabre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), O. Forni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), O. Gasnault(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. Gellert(University of Guelph), S. Gordon(University of New Mexico), J. A. Grant(National Air and Space Museum), J. P. Grotzinger(California Institute of Technology), Sanjeev Gupta(Imperial College London), K. E. Herkenhoff(United States Geological Survey), J. A. Hurowitz(State University of New York), P. L. King(Australian National University), Stéphane Le Mouëlic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), L. A. Leshin(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Richard Léveillé(Canadian Space Agency), K. W. Lewis(Princeton University), N. Mangold(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Maurice(Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées), D. W. Ming(Johnson Space Center), R. V. Morris(Johnson Space Center), M. Nachon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), H. E. Newsom(University of New Mexico), A. Ollila(University of New Mexico), G. M. Perrett(University of Guelph), M. S. Rice(California Institute of Technology), M. E. Schmidt(Brock University), S. P. Schwenzer(The Open University), K. M. Stack(California Institute of Technology), Edward M. Stolper(California Institute of Technology), D. Y. Sumner(Planetary Science Institute), A. H. Treiman(Lunar and Planetary Institute), S. J. VanBommel(University of Guelph), D. T. Vaniman(Planetary Science Institute), A. R. Vasavada(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), R. C. Wiens(Los Alamos National Laboratory), R. A. Yingst(Planetary Science Institute), MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen(University of Leicester), Nathan Bridges, J. R. Johnson, M. E. Minitti, David A. Cremers, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, Jennifer G. Blank, Gerald Weigle(University of New Mexico), Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Michael B. Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, Kenneth Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Kirsten Siebach, C. Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees(Ames Research Center), Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, G. Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Éric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, R. Pérez, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla‐García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander G. Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, S. W. Squyres, Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, M. Genzer, Ari‐Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Osku Kemppinen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko(Brock University), W. Schmidt, Tero Siili, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, D. L. Bish, Juergen Schieber, B. Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux(Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon : Terre, Planètes et Environnement), Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, C. d’Uston, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre-Yves Meslin, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, P. Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, W. Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, G. Israël, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan S. Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, N. Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, L. E. Kirkland, Burt Baker, B. A. Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, K. S. Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, M. C. Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, M. A. Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger E. Summons, Fred Goesmann, W. Goetz, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, C. I. Fassett, David F. Blake, T. F. Bristow, Laurence Edwards, R. M. Haberle, Tori M. Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, M. A. Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, Mary Beth Wilhelm, L. V. Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, J. L. Eigenbrode, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, J. B. Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Andrea Jones, P. R. Mahaffy, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, Michael D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, Michael A. Meÿer, A. Posner, Mary Voytek(United States Geological Survey), Robert C. Anderson(United States Geological Survey), A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, D. E. Brinza, L. E. Christensen, Joy A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores(California Institute of Technology), B. L. Ehlmann(California Institute of Technology), Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Christopher R. Webster, A. S. Yen, P. D. Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, P. B. Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, M. R. Fisk, Leon J. Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, D. C. Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, R. L. Tokar, R. M. E. Williams, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, T. Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, C. Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, Anton Sanin, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, M. J. Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, Ella Mae Lee, R. Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert T. Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K. Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, Amy M. Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David Rubin, B. M. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, K. M. Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, M. B. Madsen, S. L. S. Stipp, Nick Boyd, Irina Pradler, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott K. Rowland, Evgeny Atlaskin, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, Timothy McConnochie, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, S. K. Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert O. Pepin, Beverley Elliott, J. G. Spray, L. M. Thompson, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough(Arizona State University), Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, Ruslan Kuzmin, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores
Cited by 304Open Access
Abstract
Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars.
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