Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars
Pierre‐Yves Meslin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), O. Gasnault(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), O. Forni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Susanne Schröder(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Cousin(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Gilles Berger(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. M. Clegg(Los Alamos National Laboratory), J. Lasue(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), S. Maurice(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), V. Sautter(Laboratoire de Minéralogie & Cosmochimie du Muséum), Stéphane Le Mouëlic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. C. Wiens(Los Alamos National Laboratory), C. Fabre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), W. Goetz(Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research), D. L. Bish(Indiana University Bloomington), N. Mangold(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), B. L. Ehlmann(California Institute of Technology), N. Lanza(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Ari‐Matti Harri(Finnish Meteorological Institute), R. B. Anderson(United States Geological Survey), E. B. Rampe(Johnson Space Center), T. H. McConnochie(University of Maryland, College Park), P. Pinet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. L. Blaney(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Richard Léveillé(Canadian Space Agency), D. Archer(Johnson Space Center), B. L. Barraclough(Planetary Science Institute), Steve Bender(Planetary Science Institute), D. F. Blake(Ames Research Center), Jennifer G. Blank(Ames Research Center), N. T. Bridges(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), B. C. Clark(Space Science Institute), Lauren DeFlores(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), D. Delapp(Los Alamos National Laboratory), Gilles Dromart(École Normale Supérieure de Lyon), M. D. Dyar(Mount Holyoke College), Melany C. Fisk(Oregon State University), B. Gondet(Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale), J. P. Grotzinger(California Institute of Technology), K. E. Herkenhoff(United States Geological Survey), J. R. Johnson(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), J.-L. Lacour(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives), Y. Langevin(Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale), L. Leshin(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), É. Lewin(Institut des Sciences de la Terre), M. B. Madsen(University of Copenhagen), N. Melikechi(Delaware State University), Anthony Mezzacappa(Delaware State University), M. Mischna(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), John E. Moores(York University), H. Newsom(University of New Mexico), A. Ollila(University of New Mexico), R. Pérez(Centre National d'Études Spatiales), N. Rennó(University of Michigan), Jean‐Baptiste Sirven(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives), R. Tokar(Planetary Science Institute), M. de la Torre(California Institute of Technology), L. d’Uston(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), D. T. Vaniman(Planetary Science Institute), Aileen Yingst(Planetary Science Institute), MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, M. E. Minitti, David A. Cremers, J. F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, P. L. King, Gerald Weigle, M. E. Schmidt(University of New Mexico), Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, Kenneth A. Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget(Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), M. S. Rice, K. L. Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward M. Stolper, Claude Brunet, V. Hipkin, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez(Centre National d'Études Spatiales), M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Patrick Mauchien, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander G. Hayes, J. Joseph, S. W. Squyres, Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Osku Kemppinen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, Juergen Schieber, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Alain Cros, Qiu-Mei Lee, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Mike Toplis, W. Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, Guy Israël, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Marion Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, A. H. Treiman, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, M. A. Caplinger(Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), Scott Davis, Brian Duston, K. S. Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, M. R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, M. C. Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, M. A. Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, F. Goesmann(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, C. I. Fassett, T. F. Bristow, David J. DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, R. M. Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Lora Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David S. Choi, P. G. Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Andrea Jones, Paul Mahaffy, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, Michael D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, Michael A. Meÿer, Arik Posner(Astrogeology Science Center), Mary A. Voytek, Robert C. Anderson(United States Geological Survey), A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, D. E. Brinza, F. J. Calef, L. E. Christensen, J. A. Crisp, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, A. R. Vasavada, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Francis A. Cucinotta, J. H. Jones, D. W. Ming, Richard V. Morris, P. B. Niles, Thomas Nolan, Leon J. Radziemski, Daniel Berman, E. Noe Dobrea, R. M. E. Williams, K. W. Lewis, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), Philippe Sarrazin, J. A. Grant, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, M. A. Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, Anton Sanin, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, R. N. Kuz’min, M. J. Wolff, S. M. McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell M. Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison(University of Maryland, College Park), William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, D. Y. Sumner, Amy M. Williams, G. W. Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David M. Rubin, B. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, S. L. S. Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott K. Rowland, Evgeny Atlaskin, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, R. Mueller‐Mellin(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, S. K. Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó(University of Michigan), Michael Wong, Robert O. Pepin(Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, S. Gordon, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, R. N. Kuz’min, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein(Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger
Cited by 267Open Access
Abstract
The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration.
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