The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20
J.H. Burton(Wellcome Sanger Institute), N. Corby(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Melissa J. Moore(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Siobhan Whitehead(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Adam P. Butler(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sarah Hunt(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard Durbin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Matt Jones(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. M. Clegg(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. E. Collier(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrew Knights(Wellcome Sanger Institute), T Nickerson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Christine Bird(Wellcome Sanger Institute), G. J. Coville(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. Shownkeen(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. T. Ross(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mark D. Vaudin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), John Sulston(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rajni V. Patel(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Philip Howden(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Michelle Smith(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Helen Ramsay(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alan Coulson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Christine Lloyd(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Louise Clark(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sancha Martin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), L M Beard(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. Tromans(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Minna Lehväslaiho(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Pamela Whittaker(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Christopher M. Johnson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. Y. Clark(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Beare(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Buck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephanie Lawlor(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Charles A. Steward(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Cari Soderlund(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. Clee(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. Connor(Wellcome Sanger Institute), J. Lovell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Pawandeep Dhami(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. Leversha(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. F. Barlow(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. D. Skuce(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephan Beck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), D. R. Bentley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephen Ho(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Catherine M. Rice(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Darren Grafham(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Benjamin Phillimore(Wellcome Sanger Institute), P. W. Wray(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Neil Sycamore(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Lloyd(Wellcome Sanger Institute), George Stavrides(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. Austin Hammond(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jane Rogers(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alan Tracey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), P. D. Heath(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Julie Frankland(Wellcome Sanger Institute), L J McConnachie(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. W. Plumb(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrew Brown(Wellcome Sanger Institute), John Wallis(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Devesh Mistry(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anne Bridgeman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kerstin Jekosch(Wellcome Sanger Institute), O. Beasley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Carol Scott(Wellcome Sanger Institute), James C. Mullikin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Audrey Fraser(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrew King(Wellcome Sanger Institute), J. P. Almeida(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Amanda A. McMurray(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Terri Pearce(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. Blakey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), N P Carter(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rhian Gwilliam(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. Bates(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sarah Sims(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. M. Swann(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rebecca Deadman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. R. Prathalingam(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Duncan W. Thomas(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. Carder(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Matt Dunn(Wellcome Sanger Institute), V. Cobley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Karen Oliver(Wellcome Sanger Institute), G.M.G. Clark(Wellcome Sanger Institute), James Gilbert(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Joanna Harley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Lucy Matthews(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. E. McLay(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jeffrey A. Bailey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. Wall(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sarah Milne(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Shirley Williams(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Louise Tee(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Ruth Taylor(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Harminder Sehra(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David J. Johnson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), J. C. Chapman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Tim Hubbard(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Chris Griffiths(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jane L. Holden(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jennifer Ashurst(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Lucy Williams(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mark Griffiths(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anne Parker(Wellcome Sanger Institute), W. Burrill(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Lisa French(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Gavin K. Laird(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anne Babbage(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Elizabeth J. Huckle(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Adrienne Hunt(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Victoria Marsh(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. Thorpe(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David L. Willey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. L. Bagguley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. Clamp(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Panos Deloukas(Wellcome Sanger Institute), P. Garner(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. M. Kimberley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Laurens Wilming(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrew Ellington(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. I. Peck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mike Kay(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. E. Hall(Wellcome Sanger Institute)
Cited by 374Open Access
Abstract
The finished sequence of human chromosome 20 comprises 59,187,298 base pairs (bp) and represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA. A single contig of 26 megabases (Mb) spans the entire short arm, and five contigs separated by gaps totalling 320 kb span the long arm of this metacentric chromosome. An additional 234,339 bp of sequence has been determined within the pericentromeric region of the long arm. We annotated 727 genes and 168 pseudogenes in the sequence. About 64% of these genes have a 5' and a 3' untranslated region and a complete open reading frame. Comparative analysis of the sequence of chromosome 20 to whole-genome shotgun-sequence data of two other vertebrates, the mouse Mus musculus and the puffer fish Tetraodon nigroviridis, provides an independent measure of the efficiency of gene annotation, and indicates that this analysis may account for more than 95% of all coding exons and almost all genes.
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