The Global Circulation of Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses

Colin A. Russell(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Terry C. Jones(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Ian Barr(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Nancy J. Cox(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Rebecca Garten(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Vicky Gregory(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Ian D. Gust(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Alan Hampson(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Alan Hay(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Aeron C. Hurt(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), J.C. de Jong(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Anne Kelso(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Alexander Klimov(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Tsutomu Kageyama(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Naomi Komadina(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Alan S. Lapedes(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Yi Pu Lin(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Ana Mosterín(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Masatsugu Obuchi(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Takato Odagiri(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Guus F. Rimmelzwaan(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Michael W. Shaw(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Eugene Skepner(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Klaus Stöhr(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Masato Tashiro(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Ron A. M. Fouchier(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Derek J. Smith(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Science
April 17, 2008
10.1126/science.1154137
Cited by 751

Abstract

Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.

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