The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite
Edward M. Stolper(California Institute of Technology), M. B. Baker(California Institute of Technology), Megan Newcombe(California Institute of Technology), M. E. Schmidt(Brock University), A. H. Treiman(Planetary Science Institute), A. Cousin(Los Alamos National Laboratory), M. D. Dyar(Mount Holyoke College), M. R. Fisk(Oregon State University), R. Gellert(University of Guelph), P. L. King(Australian National University), L. A. Leshin(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), S. Maurice(Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), S. M. McLennan(Stony Brook University), M. E. Minitti(Johns Hopkins University), G. M. Perrett(University of Guelph), Scott K. Rowland(University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa), V. Sautter(Laboratoire de Minéralogie & Cosmochimie du Muséum), R. C. Wiens(Los Alamos National Laboratory), MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, J. R. Johnson, David A. Cremers, J. F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, Jennifer G. Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Christopher S. Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Kenneth Farley, Jennifer Griffes, J. P. Grotzinger, Hayden Miller, Cedric Pilorget(Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), M. S. Rice, Kirsten Siebach, Katie Stack, C. Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, R. Pérez, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla‐García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander Hayes, J. Joseph, S. W. Squyres, Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, M. Genzer, Ari‐Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Osku Kemppinen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko(Brock University), Walter Schmidt, T. Siili(GeoRessources), C. Fabre, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, D. L. Bish, Jüergen Schieber, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, C. d’Uston, O. Forni, O. Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre‐Yves Meslin, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, W. Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter(Johns Hopkins University), M. Cabane, David Coscia, Guy Israël, Cyril Szopa, Samuel Teinturier, Gilles Dromart, François Robert, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, N. Mangold, M. Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, James F. Cameron, Sam Clegg, D. Delapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, N. Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Laurel Kirkland(California Institute of Technology), Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, K. S. Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, M. C. Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger E. Summons, Fred Goesmann, W. Goetz, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, C. I. Fassett, D. F. Blake, T. F. Bristow, David J. DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, R. M. Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, Mary Beth Wilhelm, L. V. Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David Choi, P. G. Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, J. L. Eigenbrode, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, P. R. Mahaffy, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, Michael D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, Michael A. Meÿer, Arik Posner, Mary Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, D. L. Blaney, D. E. Brinza, F. J. Calef, L. E. Christensen, J. A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, Bethany Ehlmann, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, J. A. Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, J. N. Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, A. R. Vasavada, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, P. D. Archer, Francis Cucinotta, J. H. Jones, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, P. B. Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Leon J. Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, D. C. Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, R. L. Tokar, D. T. Vaniman, R. M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, K. W. Lewis, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, T. Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, J. A. Grant, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, M. A. Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, C. Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, А. Б. Санин, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, B. C. Clark, M. J. Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell M. Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, R. B. Anderson, K. E. Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee, R. Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Andrea Jones, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K. Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, W. E. Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, D. Y. Sumner, Amy J. Williams, G. W. Lugmair, Michael Wilson, David Rubin, B. M. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, S. L. S. Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Evgeny Atlaskin, Hannu Savijärvi, E. Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, R. Mueller‐Mellin, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, S. K. Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Michael H. Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, J. G. Spray, Lucy Thompson, S. Gordon, H. E. Newsom, A. Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, E. A. Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, Ruslan Kuzmin, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey A. Berger, John E. Moores
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Abstract
"Jake_M," the first rock analyzed by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Curiosity rover, differs substantially in chemical composition from other known martian igneous rocks: It is alkaline (>15% normative nepheline) and relatively fractionated. Jake_M is compositionally similar to terrestrial mugearites, a rock type typically found at ocean islands and continental rifts. By analogy with these comparable terrestrial rocks, Jake_M could have been produced by extensive fractional crystallization of a primary alkaline or transitional magma at elevated pressure, with or without elevated water contents. The discovery of Jake_M suggests that alkaline magmas may be more abundant on Mars than on Earth and that Curiosity could encounter even more fractionated alkaline rocks (for example, phonolites and trachytes).
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