Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Gases in the Martian Atmosphere from the Curiosity Rover
P. R. Mahaffy(Goddard Space Flight Center), Christopher R. Webster(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), S. K. Atreya(University of Michigan), H. B. Franz(Goddard Space Flight Center), Michael Wong(University of Michigan), P. G. Conrad(Goddard Space Flight Center), D. N. Harpold(Goddard Space Flight Center), John J. Jones(Johnson Space Center), L. A. Leshin(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), H. L. K. Manning(Concordia College - Minnesota), Tobias Owen(University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa), R. O. Pepin(University of Minnesota), S. W. Squyres(Cornell University), M. G. Trainer(Goddard Space Flight Center), MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, J. R. Johnson, M. E. Minitti, David A. Cremers, J. F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, P. L. King, Jennifer G. Blank, Gerald Weigle, M. E. Schmidt(Goddard Space Flight Center), Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun(University of Michigan), Michael B. Baker(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Christopher Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Kenneth Farley, J. L. Griffes(Johnson Space Center), J. P. Grotzinger, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, C. Pilorget(Goddard Space Flight Center), M. S. Rice, Kirsten Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward M. Stolper, Claude Brunet, V. Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Éric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, R. Pérez, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier(Cornell University), Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, P. Mauchien, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph(University of Minnesota), Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, M. Genzer, Ari‐Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Osku Kemppinen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, W. Schmidt, Tero Siili(GeoRessources), C. Fabre, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, D. L. Bish, Juergen Schieber, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, C. d’Uston, O. Forni, O. Gasnault, J. Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, S. Maurice, Pierre-Yves Meslin, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, Guy Israël, Cyril Szopa, Gilles Dromart(University of Minnesota), François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, N. Mangold, Marion Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, S. M. Clegg, A. Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp(University of Minnesota), Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, N. Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, R. C. Wiens, Richard B. Williams(Johnson Space Center), Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, A. H. Treiman, Burt Baker, B. A. Cantor(University of Michigan), M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Kenneth Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, D. E. Harker(Goddard Space Flight Center), Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman(University of Michigan), Michael Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova(University of Michigan), Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek(University of Minnesota), Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, Fred Goesmann, W. Goetz, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. D. Dyar, C. I. Fassett, D. F. Blake, T. F. Bristow, David J. DesMarais, Laurence Edwards(University of Minnesota), Robert Haberle, Tori M. Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Christopher P. McKay, Mary Beth Wilhelm, L. V. Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David S. Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, J. L. Eigenbrode(Goddard Space Flight Center), Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, J. B. Garvin, D. P. Glavin(Johnson Space Center), Andrea Jones, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, M. D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan(University of Michigan), Michael A. Meÿer, Arik Posner, Mary A. Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, D. L. Blaney, D. E. Brinza, F. J. Calef, L. E. Christensen, Joy A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, Bethany Ehlmann, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, J. A. Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki(University of Michigan), Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken(Johnson Space Center), John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, A. R. Vasavada, A. S. Yen, P. D. Archer, Francis Cucinotta, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris(Goddard Space Flight Center), P. B. Niles, E. B. Rampe, Thomas Nolan, M. R. Fisk, Leon J. Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough(Cornell University), Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, E. Noe Dobrea(University of Minnesota), Robert Tokar, D. T. Vaniman, R. M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, K. W. Lewis, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, G. Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy M. Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin(Johnson Space Center), J. A. Grant, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, M. A. Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph G. Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, А. Б. Санин, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, R. O. Kuzmin, B. C. Clark(University of Michigan), M. J. Wolff, S. M. McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, R. B. Anderson, K. E. Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee(University of Minnesota), R. Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton(University of Minnesota), Robert T. Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K. Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, D. Y. Sumner, Amy M. Williams, Günter Lugmair(University of Michigan), Michael A. Wilson, David T. Rubin, B. M. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, K. M. Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, S. L. S. Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett, Irina Pradler, S. J. VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Scott K. Rowland, Evgeny Atlaskin, Hannu Savijärvi, E. Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin(University of Minnesota), R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, J. C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, M. Benna, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Beverley Elliott(Johnson Space Center), J. G. Spray, Lucy Thompson, S. Gordon, H. E. Newsom(Concordia College - Minnesota), A. Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, R. O. Kuzmin, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores
Cited by 422
Abstract
Volume mixing and isotope ratios secured with repeated atmospheric measurements taken with the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on the Curiosity rover are: carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.960(±0.007); argon-40 ((40)Ar), 0.0193(±0.0001); nitrogen (N2), 0.0189(±0.0003); oxygen, 1.45(±0.09) × 10(-3); carbon monoxide, < 1.0 × 10(-3); and (40)Ar/(36)Ar, 1.9(±0.3) × 10(3). The (40)Ar/N2 ratio is 1.7 times greater and the (40)Ar/(36)Ar ratio 1.6 times lower than values reported by the Viking Lander mass spectrometer in 1976, whereas other values are generally consistent with Viking and remote sensing observations. The (40)Ar/(36)Ar ratio is consistent with martian meteoritic values, which provides additional strong support for a martian origin of these rocks. The isotopic signature δ(13)C from CO2 of ~45 per mil is independently measured with two instruments. This heavy isotope enrichment in carbon supports the hypothesis of substantial atmospheric loss.
Related Papers
No related papers found
Powered by citation graph analysis