Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
D. T. Vaniman(Planetary Science Institute), D. L. Bish(Indiana University Bloomington), D. W. Ming(Johnson Space Center), T. F. Bristow(Ames Research Center), R. V. Morris(Johnson Space Center), D. F. Blake(Ames Research Center), S. J. Chipera(Chesapeake Bay Program), Shaunna M. Morrison(University of Arizona), A. H. Treiman(Lunar and Planetary Institute), E. B. Rampe(Johnson Space Center), M. S. Rice(California Institute of Technology), C. N. Achilles(Education Service Center Region 13), J. P. Grotzinger(California Institute of Technology), S. M. McLennan(State University of New York), Joshua Williams(University of New Mexico), J. F. Bell(Arizona State University), H. E. Newsom(University of New Mexico), Robert T. Downs(University of Arizona), S. Maurice(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Sarrazin(Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), A. S. Yen(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. M. Morookian(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Jack D. Farmer(Arizona State University), K. M. Stack(California Institute of Technology), R. E. Milliken(Brown University), B. L. Ehlmann(California Institute of Technology), D. Y. Sumner(Planetary Science Institute), Gilles Berger(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. A. Crisp(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. A. Hurowitz(State University of New York), Robert C. Anderson(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), David J. Des Marais(Ames Research Center), Edward M. Stolper(California Institute of Technology), K. S. Edgett(Malin Space Science Systems (United States)), Sanjeev Gupta(Imperial College London), N. Spanovich(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), MSL Science Team, Christophe Agard, J. Verdasca(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), R. B. Anderson(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Doug Archer, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Ray Arvidson, Evgeny Atlaskin, S. K. Atreya, A. D. Aubrey, Burt Baker, Michael B. Baker, T. Balić-Žunić, David Baratoux, Julien Baroukh, B. L. Barraclough, Keri Bean, L. W. Beegle, A. Behar, Steve Bender, M. Benna, Jennifer Bentz(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. A. Berger, D. C. Berman, J. J. Blanco, D. L. Blaney, Jen Blank, Hannah Blau, L. V. Bleacher, E. Boehm, Oliver Botta, S. Böttcher, Thomas Boucher, Hannah Bower, Nick Boyd, Bill Boynton, E. A. Breves, J. C. Bridges, N. T. Bridges(University of New Mexico), W. B. Brinckerhoff, D. E. Brinza, C. Brunet, Anna Brunner(University of New Mexico), W. Brunner, A. Buch, M. A. Bullock, S. Burmeister, M. Cabane, F. J. Calef, James F. Cameron, John “Iain” Campbell, B. A. Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Javier Rodríguez, Marco Carmosino, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Antoine Charpentier, David S. Choi, B. C. Clark, S. M. Clegg, T. Cleghorn(Malin Space Science Systems (United States)), E. A. Cloutis, George D. Cody, Patrice Coll, P. G. Conrad, David Coscia, A. Cousin, David A. Cremers, Alain Cros, Frank Cucinotta, C. d’Uston, Scott Davis, Mackenzie “Kenzie” Day, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Lauren DeFlores, D. Delapp, Julia DeMarines(University of New Mexico), W. E. Dietrich, Robert Dingler, Christophe Donny, Darrell M. Drake, Gilles Dromart, Audrey Dupont, Brian Duston, Jason P. Dworkin, M. D. Dyar, Lauren Edgar, Christopher S. Edwards, Laurence Edwards, Bent Ehresmann, J. L. Eigenbrode, Beverley Elliott, Harvey Elliott, R. C. Ewing(GeoRessources), C. Fabre, Alberto González Fairén(Brown University), Kenneth A. Farley, C. I. Fassett, Laurent Favot, Donald Fay, F. Fedosov, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Marty Fisk, Mike Fitzgibbon, Greg Flesch, Melissa Floyd, Lorenzo Flückiger, O. Forni, Abby Fraeman, Raymond Francis, Pascaline François, H. B. Franz, Caroline Freissinet, Katherine L. French, J. Frydenvang, Alain Gaboriaud, M. Gailhanou, J. B. Garvin, O. Gasnault, Claude Geffroy, R. Gellert, Maria Genzer, D. P. Glavin, Austin Godber, F. Goesmann, W. Goetz, D. V. Golovin, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, B. Gondet, S. Gordon, Stephen Gorevan, J. A. Grant, J. L. Griffes, David Grinspoon, Philippe Guillemot, Jingnan Guo, Scott D. Guzewich, R. M. Haberle, Douglas Halleaux, B. Hallet, Vicky Hamilton, C. Hardgrove, D. E. Harker, Daniel Harpold, Ari‐Matti Harri, K. Harshman, Donald M. Hassler, Harri Haukka, Alex Hayes(Brown University), Ken Herkenhoff, Paul Herrera, Sebastian Hettrich, Ezat Heydari, V. Hipkin, Tori M. Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Judy Hudgins, Wesley T. Huntress, S. F. Hviid, Karl Iagnemma, Steve Indyk, G. Israël, Ryan Jackson, Samantha Jacob, B. M. Jakosky, Elsa Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, J. R. Johnson, Micah Johnson, Steve Johnstone, Andrea Jones, J. H. Jones, J. Joseph, I. Jun, Linda C. Kah, Henrik Kahanpää, M. A. Kahre, Natalya Karpushkina, W. T. Kasprzak, Janne Kauhanen, Leslie Keely, Osku Kemppinen, Didier Keymeulen, Myung‐Hee Y. Kim, K. M. Kinch, Penny King, L. E. Kirkland, Gary Kocurek, Asmus Koefoed, Jan Köhler, Onno Kortmann, Alexander Kozyrev, Jill Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, R. O. Kuzmin, Jean Luc Lacour, Vivian Lafaille, Y. Langevin, N. Lanza, J. Lasue, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, Ella Mae Lee, Qiu-Mei Lee, David Lees, Matthew Lefavor, M. T. Lemmon, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, L. A. Leshin, Richard Léveillé, Éric Lewin-Carpintier, K. W. Lewis(Brown University), Shuai Li, Leslie Lipkaman, Cynthia Little, M. L. Litvak, Éric Lorigny, G. W. Lugmair, Angela Lundberg, Eric Lyness, M. B. Madsen, P. R. Mahaffy, J. N. Maki, A. Malakhov, C. A. Malespin, M. C. Malin, N. Mangold, G. Manhès, H. L. K. Manning, Geneviève Marchand, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, César Martín García, Dave Martin, Mildred Martin, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, P. Mauchien, A. C. McAdam, Elaina McCartney, Timothy McConnochie, Emily McCullough(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Ian McEwan, Christopher P. McKay, Sean McNair, Noureddine Melikechi, Pierre‐Yves Meslin, Michael A. Meÿer, Alissa Mezzacappa, Hayden Miller, Kristen Miller, M. E. Minitti, Michael Mischna, И. Г. Митрофанов, J. E. Moersch, Maxim Mokrousov, Antonio Molina Jurado, John E. Moores, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, R. Mueller‐Mellin, Jan‐Peter Müller, G. M. Muñoz, M. Nachon, Sara Navarro López, R. Navarro‐González, Kenneth H. Nealson(Ames Research Center), Ara Nefian, Tony Nelson, Megan Newcombe, Claire Newman, Sergey Nikiforov, P. B. Niles, Brian Nixon, E. Noe Dobrea, T. Nolan, Dorothy Z. Oehler(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Ollila, T. Olson, Tobias Owen, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Alexis Paillet, E. Pallier, M. C. Palucis, T. J. Parker, Yann Parot, Kiran Patel, Mark Paton, G. Paulsen, A. A. Pavlov, Betina Pavri, Verónica Peinado-González, Robert O. Pepin, Laurent Péret, R. Pérez, G. M. Perrett, J. E. Peterson, C. Pilorget, P. Pinet, Jorge Pla‐García, Ianik Plante, Franck Poitrasson, Jouni Polkko, Radu Popa, L. Posiolova, Arik Posner, Irina Pradler, Benito Prats, В. А. Прохоров, Sharon Wilson Purdy, E. Raaen, Leon J. Radziemski, Scot Rafkin, Miguel Ramos, F. Raulin, M. A. Ravine, Günther Reitz, N. O. Rennó, M. I. Richardson, F. Robert, Kevin M. Robertson, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Scott K. Rowland, David M. Rubin, M. Saccoccio, Andrew Salamon, Jennifer Sandoval, А. Б. Санин, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Lee Saper, V. Sautter, Hannu Savijärvi, Jüergen Schieber, M. E. Schmidt, W. Schmidt, Daniel Scholes, Marcel Schoppers, Susanne Schröder, S. P. Schwenzer, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Aaron Sengstacken, Ruslan Shterts, K. L. Siebach, T. Siili, Jeff Simmonds, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Susie Slavney, R. S. Sletten, M. D. Smith, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, John Spray, S. W. Squyres, Fabien Stalport, A. Steele, Thomas Stein, J. C. Stern, Noel Stewart, S. L. S. Stipp, Kevin Stoiber, Bob Sucharski, Rob Sullivan, Roger E. Summons, V. Z. Sun, Kimberley Supulver, B. Sutter, Cyril Szopa, Florence Tan, Christopher Tate, Samuel Teinturier(California Institute of Technology), Inge ten Kate, P. C. Thomas, L. M. Thompson, R. L. Tokar, M. J. Toplis, Josefina Torres Redondo, M. G. Trainer, V. I. Tretyakov, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, S. J. VanBommel, A. Varenikov, A. R. Vasavada, Paulo Vasconcelos, Edward P. Vicenzi, Andrey Vostrukhin, Mary A. Voytek, M. Wadhwa, Jennifer Ward, C. R. Webster, E. Weigle, Danika Wellington, Francès Westall, Roger Craig Wiens, Mary Beth Wilhelm(University of New Mexico), Amy J. Williams(University of New Mexico), R. M. E. Williams(University of New Mexico), Richard B. Williams, Mike Wilson, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, Mike Wolff, Mike Wong, J. J. Wray, Megan Wu, Charles Yana, Aileen Yingst, C. Zeitlin, Robert Zimdar, María-Paz Zorzano Mier
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Abstract
Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both ~13.2 and ~10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time.
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