Ke Wang

Abstract This paper demonstrates the ability of a CuCo 2 S 4 –reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite to perform robust electrochemical performances applying to supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The first‐principle calculation based on density functional theory is conducted to study the electronic property of CuCo 2 O 4 and CuCo 2 S 4 and provide a theoretical basis for this work. Then, the 3D spinel‐structured CuCo 2 O 4 and CuCo 2 S 4 microflowers are synthesized and compared as electrodes for both SCs and LIBs. The CuCo 2 S 4 microflowers can provide a larger specific surface area, which enlarges the contact area between the electrode material and the electrolyte and contributes to high‐efficiency electrochemical reactions. The reduced graphene oxides are coated on the CuCo 2 S 4 microflowers, therefore effectively increasing the conductivity, and further absorbing the stress produced in the reaction process. As an electrode of a symmetric supercapacitor, the optimized CuCo 2 S 4 –rGO composite exhibits an energy density of 16.07 Wh kg −1 and a maximum power density of 3600 W kg −1 . Moreover, the CuCo 2 S 4 –rGO composite can also be used as an anode for lithium ion batteries, exhibiting a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh g −1 after 140 cycles at the current density of 200 mA g −1 . The galvanostatic intermittence titration techniques also reveal superior Li‐ion diffusion behavior of the CuCo 2 S 4 –rGO composite during redox reactions.

Along with mounting evidence that gut microbiota and their metabolites migrate endogenously to distal organs, the 'gut-lung axis,' 'gut-brain axis,' 'gut-liver axis' and 'gut-renal axis' have been established. Multiple animal recent studies have demonstrated gut microbiota may also be a key susceptibility factor for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and autism. The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the extrinsic sympathetic and vagal nerves and the intrinsic enteric nervous system, and the gut microbiota interacts with the nervous system to maintain homeostatic balance in the host gut. A total of 1507 publications on the interactions between the gut microbiota, the gut-brain axis and neurological disorders are retrieved from the Web of Science to investigate the interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous system and the underlying mechanisms involved in normal and disease states. We provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on nervous system function and neurotransmitter secretion, as well as alterations in the gut microbiota in neurological disorders, to provide a basis for the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders.