Vasudhar Sai Thokala

In today’s web application landscape, efficient data modelling and storage solutions are essential for ensuring scalability, performance, and user satisfaction. SQL and NoSQL databases have emerged as prominent technologies, each providing unique benefits for managing structured and unstructured data, respectively. SQL databases offer a stable, ACID-compliant environment suitable for applications requiring transactional integrity and complex querying, whereas NoSQL databases provide a flexible, schema-less architecture designed for horizontal scalability, high availability, and handling large volumes of diverse data. With the rise of data-centric applications, a hybrid approach that combines SQL's strong consistency and NoSQL's adaptability has become increasingly common. This paper examines the architectural distinctions, performance trade-offs, and integration strategies of SQL and NoSQL databases in web applications, providing a comprehensive analysis of their roles, benefits, and limitations. By understanding these aspects, developers and data architects can make informed decisions in selecting or combining SQL and NoSQL databases to meet the dynamic requirements of modern digital platforms

A very important part that must be addressed when developing web applications with a distributed approach is data synchronisation. The data can be used across multiple platforms, services, and business locations and remains constant in value. This review paper focuses on the various synchronisation techniques used with MySQL, MongoDB, and AWS Aurora databases which are some of the most popular ones in web-oriented architectures of the present day. It starts with explaining the three basic types of databases and their architectural models since these two factors play a role in the synchronisation process and different synchronisation techniques. It considers the trade-off between eventual and strong consistency models and their impact on application performance and user experience. Other hybrid synchronisation strategies that combine several databases are also considered for their potential value in improving data accuracy and resilience. It suggests development practices that would be useful to website developers and designers focused on achieving integrated data synchronisation across platforms and adding, the debate of how best practices in data management can be advanced in the context of global networks.