Chaojie Liu

The objective of this review was to clarify what health literacy represents. A systematic review with qualitative syntheses was performed (CRD42017065149). Studies concerning health literacy in all settings were included. Studies before 15 March 2017 were identified from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycARTICLES and the Cochrane Library. The included literature either had defined the concept of health literacy or made a detailed explanation of health literacy. A total of 34 original studies met the inclusion criteria, including 13 involved in previous systematic reviews and 21 new studies. Health literacy was commonly conceptualised as a set of knowledge, a set of skills or a hierarchy of functions (functional-interactive-critical). The construct of health literacy covers three broad elements: (1) knowledge of health, healthcare and health systems; (2) processing and using information in various formats in relation to health and healthcare; and (3) ability to maintain health through self-management and working in partnerships with health providers. Health literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to obtain and translate knowledge and information in order to maintain and improve health in a way that is appropriate to the individual and system contexts. This definition highlights the diversity of needs from different individuals and the importance of interactions between individual consumers, healthcare providers and healthcare systems.

To develop new fungicides with high efficiency, 46 novel sulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing pinacolone fragment into chesulfamide which was used as lead compound. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra, and the structure of compound P-27 was also confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. It was found that a variety of compounds present excellent inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. The inhibition rates of P-29 on tomato and strawberry were 90.24% (200 mg/L) and 100% (400 mg/L) in vivo respectively, which were better than the lead compound chesulfamide (59.23% on tomato seedlings and 29.63% on strawberries).

Abstract BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea is one of the most serious plant diseases and severely threatens agricultural production. The rapidly intensifying resistance makes most commercial chemical fungicides lose control efficacy. Developing new fungicides with novel structures and modes of action is an effective measure to solve this problem. RESULTS In this work, 29 novel sulfonamide compounds containing pinacolone scaffolds were designed and synthesized based on the active substructure splicing strategy. The biological activity assay on three kinds of Botrytis cinerea strains manifested that these compounds exhibit moderate to excellent antifungal activity. Compounds 3a‐1 and 3a‐11 displayed the highest in vitro antifungal activity similar to control agents carbendazim, procymidone, and boscalid. Compound 3c had the lowest EC 50 value of 1.96 μg/mL against strain PJ‐02 compared to boscalid (6.90 μg/mL). Bioassay results on strawberry fruits and tomato pots indicated that compounds 3a‐1 and 3a‐11 also possess superb in vivo antifungal activity compared to control agents. The electronic conductivity measurement results showed that compound 3a‐1 can significantly increase the membrane permeability of Botrytis cinerea mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that compound 3a‐1 could cause the Botrytis cinerea mycelium to twist and break, and inhibit mycelium branching. Density functional theory calculation and molecular electrostatic potential distribution were also used to analyze the activity mechanism of target compounds. CONCLUSION Due to their excellent antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea , these novel sulfonamide derivatives containing pinacolone scaffolds could be considered qualified fungicide candidates. Preliminary exploration of the mechanism suggests that this kind of compound may possess a novel mode of action. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUND: The global aging trend has intensified chronic disease burdens, widened healthcare access disparities, and exacerbated unmet care needs. Internet‑based Healthcare Services (IHS) present a promising strategy to address these challenges. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of IHS use, as well as the primary motivations and barriers to adoption among adults aged 50 years and older in mainland China. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2021 among adults aged 50 years and older in mainland China. Participants (N = 560) were recruited through random sampling on an online platform. Logistic regression models were used to identify predisposing, need, and enabling factors associated with IHS use. RESULTS: Only 17.14% of respondents reported using IHS, with online medical consultation being the most common (38.5%). Respondents aged between 50 and 59 years (AOR = 4,975 [95% CI 1.224-19.608]), urban residents (AOR = 6.056 [95% CI 1.689-21.713]), higher income (AOR = 3.862 [95% CI 1.822-8.186]), chronic conditions (AOR = 5.567 [95% CI 2.167-14.301]), delays in seeking healthcare (AOR = 5.323 [95% CI 2.866-9.888]), mobility difficulties (AOR = 9.802 [95% CI 4.005-23.993]), positive attitude (AOR = 3.038 [95% CI 1.039-8.884]) were more likely to use IHS, after adjusting for other variables. The main barriers to IHS use included distrust and uncertainty about describing symptoms online. CONCLUSION: Low levels of IHS use were observed among middle-aged and elderly populations in mainland China. Although IHS can benefit individuals with high healthcare needs or mobility limitations, income-related and urban-rural inequalities in IHS use persist. Addressing trust issues and enhancing digital literacy among the elderly are essential for the widespread and effective development of IHS.

Zhu J, Zhong Z, Ji P, et al . Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis. Fam Med Com Health 2020;8:e000406. doi: 10.1136/fmch-2020-000406 This article was published as an 'Original research' article when it should have been listed as a 'Review'