J. E. Laing

The Handbook for Family Planning Operations Research Design, first published in English by the Population Council in 1983, was based on field research studies in Asia. This second edition contains revised and expanded sections. Where appropriate, examples from Latin America and Africa have been added. The introductory section contains a current statement on the process of health and family planning operations research (OR). New chapters have been included on selecting an appropriate intervention to test in an OR study, and on describing the main elements of the study intervention. The chapter on information dissemination has been expanded and a new chapter on the utilization of research findings has been added. The book is designed to help health and family planning researchers develop and write a detailed OR proposal. It also aims to help program administrators and managers understand the process of OR and the uses of research findings for service-delivery improvement. Although the book is not a text on research methods, it does provide key concepts and important methods essential to conducting field research studies.

3. Finding the area in which the host occurs . 300 (a) Cases in the literature . . . . 300 (b) Experiments with Alysia manducator 302 (c) Experiments with Mormoniella vitripennis 304 (d) Discussion .. .305 4. Finding the host in the host-containing area . 306 (a) Introduction ..306 (b) Perception of the host . . .307 (c) Movement from the first host . . .311 (d) The effect of the turning movement on the chance of finding the next host . . .313 5. Discussion .. .315 6. Summary .. .316 Acknowledgement .. .317 References .. .317

Abstract The role of adult nutrition in longevity, progeny production, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley was examined. On average, honey-fed females lived 26.4 days and produced 260 offspring; unfed females lived 3.5 days and produced 80 offspring. Feeding on fructose or sucrose also significantly increased longevity and fecundity over unfed females (fructose, 23 days and 230 offspring; sucrose, 21 days and 230 offspring) but to a lesser degree than feeding on pure honey. Females fed yeast suspension or water had no significant increases in longevity or fecundity compared to unfed females. Offspring sex ratios of long-lived females were male-biased (50–62% males), those of short-lived females were female-biased (74–82% females). Lifetime reproduction of honey-fed females was highest at 20–25 °C and relative humidities of 20–80%, but short-term offspring production (during the first 2 days after emergence) was highest at 30 °C and 60–80% RH. Females that had access to honey for only a 24-h period did not increase their offspring production over the first 4 days of their lives when compared to unfed females. The potential benefits of feeding adult T . minutum for mass-rearing and field release are discussed.

Journal Article Establishment of Insect Biological Control Agents from Europe Against Lythrum salicaria in North America Get access Stephen D. Hight, Stephen D. Hight 2 1 Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 2 Current address: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 1300 Symons Hall; and Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, 1104 Symons Hall, College Park, MD 20742. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernd Blossey, Bernd Blossey 3 New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Laing, John Laing 4 University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosemarie Declerck-Floate Rosemarie Declerck-Floate 5 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Main, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 24, Issue 4, 1 August 1995, Pages 967–977, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/24.4.967 Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Received: 26 August 1994 Accepted: 06 February 1995 Published: 01 August 1995