K. Kinoshita

Physical Properties. Chemical and Surface Properties. Chemical Reactions. Characterstics and Properties of Carbon Electrodes. Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon. Application of Carbon in Electrochemical Systems. Concluding Remarks. Appendix. Index.

The crystal structures of superconducting and nonsuperconducting ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.82}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1.18}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ synthesized under ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ pressures of 400 and 2 atm were refined by Rietveld analysis of neutron-powder-diffraction data. These samples contained no impurities and their observed and calculated diffraction patterns were in excellent agreement. In both samples, Ca and La preferentially occupied, respectively, a 2a site in eightfold coordination and a 4e site in ninefold coordination; a slightly higher ordering was observed in the superconducting compound. An apical oxygen site was almost fully occupied. A trace of excess oxygen between two ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes was detected in the superconducting compound. Cu-O(1) and Cu-O(2) bond lengths differed a little between the two samples. Increases in cation ordering and in interstitial oxygen might be important factors determining superconductivity in this system.

Effect of additives and catalysts has been investigated on NO/sub x/ (including N/sub 2/O) removal using discharge plasma. Additives such as H/sub 2/O, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ are considered to be the source of OH and CH radicals. Though they are one of the important factors to enhance the NO/sub x/ removal chemical reactions, no systematic experiment has been carried out yet. It was confirmed that the hydrocarbon addition plays a dominant role in the NO/sub x/ removal efficiency compared to the water vapor addition. Effect of catalysts such as Ca(OH)/sub 2/ was investigated, and were found to enhance NO/sub x/ and N/sub 2/O removal efficiency.