S.S. Davis

Small polystyrene particles coated with a high Mr non-ionic surfactant (Poloxamer 338) are diverted from the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen to other tissue sites. These results are discussed in terms of the adsorption of the Poloxamer to the particle surface and the implications for drug targeting.

The transport of 125I-radiolabelled latex nanoparticles across the nasal mucosa of rats was studied using a range of particle sizes and surface coatings. Translocation of the particles into the blood stream was examined by means of monitoring the radiolabel associated with the particles. Particles were detected in the blood after 5 minutes. The number of particles in the blood peaked at 60 minutes, and then remained constant for a further 2 hours. The smallest particles (20 nm) showed greater uptake than the largest particles investigated (1000 nm). The total maximum uptake seen for the smallest particles was in the order of 3.25% of administered dose. 100 nm particles coated with chitosan showed an increase in both the extent and rate of uptake, with the concentration in the blood peaking at 15 minutes rather than at 60 minutes. It is suggested that transport of the particles across the nasal membrane is due mainly to a transcellular transport mechanisms by the nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), especially the M-cell like cells. However, some paracellular transport cannot totally be ruled out for the smallest particles, especially if coated with chitosan.