Hans Ulrich Dodt

Hippocampal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are depolarizing in granule cells but hyperpolarizing in CA3 neurons because the reversal potentials and membrane potentials of these cells differ. Here the hippocampal slice preparation was used to investigate the role of chloride transport in these inhibitory responses. In both cell types, increasing the intracellular chloride concentration by injection shifted the reversal potential of these responses in a positive direction, and blocking the outward transport of chloride with furosemide slowed their recovery from the injection. In addition, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing inhibitory responses and the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid decreased in the presence of furosemide. These effects of furosemide suggest that the internal chloride activity of an individual hippocampal neuron is regulated by two transport processes, one that accumulates chloride and one that extrudes chloride.

Intracellular recording from neurones in rat neostriatal slices was used to compare the muscarinic effects of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) released from cholinergic neostriatal synapses with the action of exogenously applied muscarinic agonists. Repetitive electrical stimulation in the neostriatum evoked a series of fast excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) followed by a short, variable period of input resistance decrease. In the presence of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, physostigmine, these potentials were followed by a slow e.p.s.p. which lasted about 60 s. Higher stimulus intensities were needed to elicit the slow e.p.s.p. than the fast e.p.s.p. The slow e.p.s.p. could not be observed after a single stimulus. Its amplitude was graded and increased with stimulus strength. The slow e.p.s.p. was blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (10 microM) and by Ba2+ (100 microM). Input resistance increased during the slow e.p.s.p. Depolarization of the cell increased the size of the slow e.p.s.p. and hyperpolarization decreased it. Simultaneously, resting input resistance increased with membrane depolarization and decreased with membrane hyperpolarization. Repetitive intrastriatal stimulation was followed by a hyperpolarization instead of the depolarization at membrane potentials negative to -75 mV. Input resistance increased during this hyperpolarization as it did during the slow e.p.s.p. The slow e.p.s.p. persisted at membrane potentials of -70 to -80 mV if K+ concentration in the saline was reduced from 5 to 2 mM. In 10 mM-K+, the repetitive stimulation was followed by a hyperpolarization even at membrane potentials as low as -60 to -50 mV. Bath perfusion of high concentrations (100 microM) of muscarine or carbachol induced a sustained increase in the input resistance. The muscarinic agonists also reduced the amplitude of intrastriatally evoked fast e.p.s.p.s; however, this effect was transient and compensated by the increase in input resistance. The effects of the muscarinic agonists on input resistance and e.p.s.p. amplitude were antagonized by atropine (10 microM). Sustained decreases of e.p.s.p. amplitude were induced by the bath application of low doses (0.5-10 microM) of muscarine or carbachol. Input resistance was not altered. Atropine (1-10 microM) antagonized this effect. A sustained reduction of fast e.p.s.p. amplitude resulted also from inhibition of AChE by application of physostigmine (1-100 microM). Input resistance and neuronal excitability were not affected by AChE blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)