Michael Quinn

BACKGROUND: High rates of locoregional recurrence have been reported from surgical series of locally advanced melanoma. In this study, the outcomes of patients treated with surgery and postoperative hypofractionated radiation therapy were reviewed to assess local recurrence and survival. METHODS: From 1989 to 1998, 174 patients with International Union Against Cancer Stage I-III melanoma received postoperative radiation therapy, either as a component of their initial management or following surgery for recurrence. Radiation was delivered to the primary site in 35 cases and involved regional lymph nodes in 139. The indications for irradiation included microscopically positive surgical margins or other adverse pathologic features. All patients received a hypofractionated schedule of 30-36 grays (Gy) in 5-7 fractions over 2.5 weeks. RESULTS: Recurrence within the radiation fields was identified in 20 patients (11%) at a median time of 6 months. There was no difference in recurrence rates for patients with microscopically positive margins compared with other indications for adjuvant treatment. The main complication of treatment was symptomatic arm lymphedema in 58% of patients following axillary dissection and postoperative irradiation. The median disease specific survival for the entire group was 25 months from radiation therapy, and the 5-year survival was 41%. The only factor that predicted significantly for decreased survival was infield recurrence (the median survival periods were 13 months and 35 months for those with and without infield recurrence, P < 0.0001). The median time to the development of distant metastasis was 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high incidence of distant metastasis, locoregional control remains an important goal in the management of melanoma. Compared with published surgical data, postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy given according to a hypofractionated schedule was effective in reducing local recurrence in patients at high risk of locoregional failure.

In January 1994, a CNN/USA Today poll argued that the issue most troubling Americans was crime, an anxiety that has arisen despite the statistical decreases in violent crimes from 1973 to 1992. During this period, violent crime against white Americans dropped from 31.6 to 29.9 per 1,000 people. The statistics, however, show a different picture for blacks as the numbers rose in the same period from 41.7 to 50.4 crimes per 1,000 people. Homicide rates were even more alarming, almost doubling for black males under twenty-four, from 84 to 159 per 100,000 people between 1980 and 1991 (Morganthau 66). One of the culprits often singled out for the rise in black-on-black violence is black culture, and in particular, rap music. It has become standard practice for television news and other news sources to make a connection between rap and crime; for instance, Newsweek placed rappers on its cover twice in the last five years, both times in articles about rap and crime. The year 1994 also marked the beginning of congressional exploratory hearings about the dangers of rap in general and Gangsta Rap in particular. Although the mainstream media con-

Research Article| April 01, 1997 Happy Creek igneous complex and tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic arc in the Jackson Mountains, northwest Nevada Michael J. Quinn; Michael J. Quinn 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James E. Wright; James E. Wright 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sandra J. Wyld Sandra J. Wyld 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Michael J. Quinn 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 James E. Wright 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Sandra J. Wyld 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, M.S. 126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1997) 109 (4): 461–482. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0461:HCICAT>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Michael J. Quinn, James E. Wright, Sandra J. Wyld; Happy Creek igneous complex and tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic arc in the Jackson Mountains, northwest Nevada. GSA Bulletin 1997;; 109 (4): 461–482. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0461:HCICAT>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Geologic relations in the Jackson Mountains of northwestern Nevada have been widely cited to constrain a tectonic history for the portion of the Mesozoic arc that exists in this part of the U.S. Cordillera. New mapping, structural, and geochronologic data from the Jackson Mountains, however, require a substantial revision of earlier interpretations and have far-ranging implications for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of this part of the arc.The most extensive rock unit in the Jackson Mountains is the Happy Creek igneous complex, which is bounded on both the east and west by older Paleozoic and Upper Triassic metasedimentary strata. The Happy Creek igneous complex has previously been regarded as a thick, Upper Triassic to upper Middle Jurassic volcanic succession composed primarily of andesitic flows and related volcaniclastic strata. New observations, however, indicate that the majority of the Happy Creek igneous complex is a monotonous expanse of massive andesite, including nonfragmental rocks intermixed with less common and irregularly distributed patches of fragmental andesite breccia. A detailed analysis of the internal features and contact relations along the margins of these massive igneous rocks indicates that they represent a mixture of hypabyssal intrusions and intrusive breccias that developed in a shallow-level subvolcanic setting. A much smaller portion of the Happy Creek igneous complex consists of stratified volcaniclastic rocks, which are interpreted to be the only surviving supracrustal elements of the Happy Creek volcanic construction, the majority of which was removed by later erosion. Hypabyssal rocks of the Happy Creek igneous complex intrude the Upper Triassic (Carnian and Norian) strata of the Boulder Creek beds, but are themselves intruded by several epizonal plutons of broadly dioritic to monzonitic composition. U-Pb zircon ages from one group of these plutons indicate ages between 196 and 190 Ma (Early Jurassic), and Happy Creek magmatism is thus restricted between latest Triassic and late Early Jurassic, and did not continue into the late Middle Jurassic. Much younger crosscutting plutons yielded U-Pb zircon ages of 170–162 Ma and thus identify a separate pulse of Middle Jurassic magmatism. Geochemical data indicate that the Happy Creek igneous complex and all the Jurassic plutons are calc-alkaline rocks formed in a volcanic arc setting.The King Lear Formation is a younger sequence of generally coarse-grained terrigenous clastic rocks that have previously been interpreted by some workers to be gradational with the Happy Creek igneous complex. A U-Pb zircon age of 125 ± 1 Ma from an interlayered ash-flow tuff near the base of the formation and a U-Pb age of 123 ± 1 Ma from a dacitic intrusive complex that intrudes high into the section indicate that the King Lear Formation is Early Cretaceous in age and unrelated to the Happy Creek igneous complex. An angular unconformity, spanning as much as 65 m.y., separates a basement composed mostly of Happy Creek igneous complex rocks and Jurassic plutons from Lower Cretaceous strata of the King Lear Formation. Erosion associated with development of the unconformity is interpreted to have stripped most of the supracrustal portion of the Happy Creek igneous complex. This unconformity separates rocks that were previously metamorphosed and deformed (Happy Creek igneous complex and older rocks) from younger strata (King Lear Formation) that are not metamorphosed or regionally deformed. Folded and cleaved volcaniclastic rocks that were previously considered part of the King Lear Formation are here demonstrated to be part of the Happy Creek igneous complex supracrustal sequence. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

1From the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York 2The Department of Pediatrics. University of Maryland, Baltimore 3The Department of Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Camden. New Jersey