J. D. Griffiths

The Theory of Stochastic Processes. By D. R. Cox and H. D. Miller. London, Methuen, 1965. x, 398 p. 914″ 70s.

People in residential or continuing care have an equal right to good oral health as people residing in the community. Entry to residential or continuing care provides an opportunity to assess need, identify problems, improve oral and dental health thereby contributing to improved general health and quality of life. This document provides guidance to establish standards for oral health care which are appropriate to the needs, demands and choices of individuals whether they live in continuing or residential care (Appendix 5).

This paper is the first in a series of articles about a major study of delays at pedestrian crossing facilities - zebra crossings, and fixed-time and vehicle actuated pelicans. A nationwide survey of flow and delays at 74 zebra and pelican crossings in the UK has been completed and the data relating to 215000 vehicles and 75000 pedestrians analysed. Subject to the reservations about comparisons between crossing types, the main features of the results from the site surveys were: (i) pedestrian mean delay was lowest at zebra crossings; (ii) whilst the difference between vehicle mean delay at zebra and pelican crossings was small, the pelican had significant advantages in controlling pedestrian occupation of the crossing; and (iii) the use of vehicle detection at pelican crossings had no significant effect on either pedestrian or vehicle mean delay. The development and application of simulation models of zebra and pelican crossings will be described in further papers. (TRRL)

Abstract Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) are the main conduits for the supply of dissolved silicon (silicic acid) from the deep Southern Ocean (SO) to the low‐latitude surface ocean and therefore have an important control on low‐latitude diatom productivity. Enhanced supply of silicic acid by AAIW (and SAMW) during glacial periods may have enabled tropical diatoms to outcompete carbonate‐producing phytoplankton, decreasing the relative export of inorganic to organic carbon to the deep ocean and lowering atmospheric p CO 2 . This mechanism is known as the “silicic acid leakage hypothesis” (SALH). Here we present records of neodymium and silicon isotopes from the western tropical Atlantic that provide the first direct evidence of increased silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean to the tropical Atlantic within AAIW during glacial Marine Isotope Stage 4 (~60–70 ka). This leakage was approximately coeval with enhanced diatom export in the NW Atlantic and across the eastern equatorial Atlantic and provides support for the SALH as a contributor to CO 2 drawdown during full glacial development.