Ling Zhang

The French Intensive Care Society organized its yearly Paris International Conference in intensive care on June 18-19, 2015. The main purpose of this meeting is to gather the best experts in the field in order to provide the highest quality update on a chosen topic. In 2015, the selected theme was: "Acute Renal Failure in the ICU: from injury to recovery. " The conference program covered multiple aspects of renal failure, including epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and kidney support system, prognosis and recovery together with acute renal failure in specific settings. The present report provides a summary of every presentation including the key message and references and is structured in eight sections: (a) diagnosis and evaluation, (b) old and new diagnosis tools, (c) old and new treatments, (d) renal replacement therapy and management, (e) acute renal failure witness of other conditions, (f ) prognosis and recovery, (g) extracorporeal epuration beyond the kidney, (h) the use of biomarkers in clinical practice http://www.srlf. org

OBJECTIVES: Pomegranate flower is a kind of uygur medicine with anti - type 2 diabetes, anti - lipid, anti - inflammation, anti - oxidation. We investigated the effect of pomegranate flower extract (PFE) on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as well as the effects of five compounds in PF on cell differentiation. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with PFE (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μg/mL), quercetin, luteolin, ursolic acid, apigenin and kaempferol (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM), and cell viability was measured at 24, 48 and 72 h by Cell Counting Kit-8. The modified cocktail induction method induced the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and treated them with PFE and the compounds. The lipid accumulation was determined by oil red O staining, and the intracellular triglyceride content was determined by commercial kit. The expressions of PPARγ, C/EBP, LPL, DGAT and aP2 mRNA in mature adipocyte were determined by q-PCR, and the expressions of PPARγ, Akt, p-akt and PI3K protein were determined by western blot. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with PFE (5, 10, 20 μg/mL) while induced apoptosis by palmitate (300 μM), Hoechst staining to observe apoptosis morphology, Annexin Ⅴ- FITC/PI staining with flow cytometry instrument to detect the number of early and late apoptosis cells, the q-PCR and western blot for determining the Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS: PFE (5, 10, 20 μg/mL) promoted or did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and reduced the number of early and late apoptotic cells, increased the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein, and inhibited the expression of Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, PFE (40, 60 μg/mL), quercetin (10, 20, 40 μM), luteolin (5, 10, 20 μM), apigenin(20,40 μM), kaempferol (20, 40 μM) significantly restrain the 3T3-L1 different extent proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte, reduce the accumulation of lipids in adipocyte, reduce expression of adipogenesis factor, PFE(40, 60 μg/mL) inhibited the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway by inhibiting the expression of PI3K and p-Akt proteins, and inhibited preadipocyte differentiation by reduce the expression of PPARγ protein. CONCLUSION: PFE has a concentration-related bidirectional effect on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which depends on the regulation of PI3K-Akt pathway, which is of guiding role for PFE in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity and other diseases.