Yong Chen

The lump soliton solutions of a (2 + 1)-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation are obtained by making use of its bilinear form. We discuss the conditions to guarantee the analyticity, positiveness and localization of lump solutions. The solutions of interaction between a lump and a stripe are presented. It is proved that the interaction between the two solitary waves is non-elastic. The three-wave method is employed to investigate the periodic lump solutions. Figures are presented to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions.

In the present letter, we get the appropriate bilinear forms of (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation, extended (2 + 1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional Sawada—Kotera equation in a quick and natural manner, namely by appling the binary Bell polynomials. Then the Hirota direct method and Riemann theta function are combined to construct the periodic wave solutions of the three types nonlinear evolution equations. And the corresponding figures of the periodic wave solutions are given. Furthermore, the asymptotic properties of the periodic wave solutions indicate that the soliton solutions can be derived from the periodic wave solutions.

In this work, the normal (0°) and oblique (30° and 45°) ballistic impact behavior of glass fiber-reinforced aluminum laminates (fiber metal laminate, FMLs) impacted by a rigid cylindrical projectile (with a flat nose) has been investigated from an experimental point of view. The ballistic impact tests were conducted on the FMLs using a one-stage gas gun at different impact angels, i.e. 0°, 30° and 45°. A high-speed camera was used to capture and record the experimental images and data during the impacting process. Different failure patterns were observed in the FMLs under oblique and normal impact, with the differences concentrated on the initial crack (in the back surface) and plugging damage (in both the front and back surface). The angular change in direction of the projectile during perforation was only observed during oblique impact tests while the maximum value of the angular change was observed when the impact velocity was close to its ballistic limit velocity. In addition, the angular change decreases with increasing impact velocity and is almost constant when the value of [Formula: see text] reaches a critical value. It can also be observed from the impact test results (both normal and oblique impacts) that FMLs exhibited the lowest ballistic limit velocity when the impact angle was close to 30°. In particular, normal impact shows a higher ballistic limit velocity than that of oblique impact while the ballistic limit velocity at impact angle 45° is slightly higher than that at 30°.