Yuwei Li

One of the most prominent features of tumor cells is uncontrolled cell proliferation caused by an abnormal cell cycle, and the abnormal expression of cell cycle-related proteins gives tumor cells their invasive, metastatic, drug-resistance, and anti-apoptotic abilities. Recently, an increasing number of cell cycle-associated proteins have become the candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant tumors and potential targets for cancer therapies. As an important cell cycle regulatory protein, Cell Division Cycle 25C (CDC25C) participates in regulating G2/M progression and in mediating DNA damage repair. CDC25C is a cyclin of the specific phosphatase family that activates the cyclin B1/CDK1 complex in cells for entering mitosis and regulates G2/M progression and plays an important role in checkpoint protein regulation in case of DNA damage, which can ensure accurate DNA information transmission to the daughter cells. The regulation of CDC25C in the cell cycle is affected by multiple signaling pathways, such as cyclin B1/CDK1, PLK1/Aurora A, ATR/CHK1, ATM/CHK2, CHK2/ERK, Wee1/Myt1, p53/Pin1, and ASK1/JNK-/38. Recently, it has evident that changes in the expression of CDC25C are closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor development and can be used as a potential target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the role of CDC25C phosphatase in regulating cell cycle. Based on the role of CDC25 family proteins in the development of tumors, it will become a hot target for a new generation of cancer treatments.

Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) plays an important role in earth surface process simulations, climate modeling, and global change studies. Several global FVC products have been generated using medium spatial resolution satellite data. However, the validation results indicate inconsistencies, as well as spatial and temporal discontinuities of the current FVC products. The objective of this paper is to develop a reliable estimation algorithm to operationally produce a high-quality global FVC product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance. The high-spatial-resolution FVC data were first generated using Landsat TM/ETM+ data at the global sampling locations, and then, the general regression neural networks (GRNNs) were trained using the high-spatial-resolution FVC data and the reprocessed MODIS surface reflectance data. The direct validation using ground reference data from validation of land European Remote Sensing instruments sites indicated that the performance of the proposed method (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.809, RMSE =0.157) was comparable with that of the GEOV1 FVC product (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.775, RMSE =0.166), which is currently considered to be the best global FVC product from SPOT VEGETATION data. Further comparison indicated that the spatial and temporal continuity of the estimates from the proposed method was superior to that of the GEOV1 FVC product.

// Fei Fei 1, 2 , Jie Qu 1, 2 , Mingqing Zhang 3 , Yuwei Li 3 and Shiwu Zhang 2 1 Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China 2 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China 3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China Correspondence to: Shiwu Zhang, email: zhangshiwu666@aliyun.com Keywords: S100A4, metastasis, malignant tumor, epithelial-mesenchymal transition Received: April 11, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: May 08, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: May 19, 2017 ABSTRACT Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and directly associates with cancer progression, resistance to anticancer therapy, and poor patient survival. Current efforts focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis attract a special attention to cancer researchers. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a complex of molecular program during embryogenesis, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression and metastasis. S100A4, an important member of S100 family proteins, functions to increase the tumor progression and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms of S100A4 involving in the progression and metastasis are diverse in various malignant tumors. Detection of S100A4 expression becomes a promising candidate biomarker in cancer early diagnosis and prediction of cancer metastasis and therefore, S100A4 may be a therapeutic target. This review summarized up to date advancement on the role of S100A4 in human cancer development, progression, and metastasis and the underlying molecular events and then strategies to target S100A4 expression experimentally.