Masaaki Yasue

Inhibitory effects of apple polyphenol extract (AP) and procyanidin contained in AP on in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and in vivo triglyceride absorption in mice and humans were examined. AP and procyanidin considerably inhibited in vitro pancreatic lipase activity. However, polyphenols, except for procyanidin, in AP (i.e., catechins, chalcones, and phenol carboxylic acids) showed weak inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase. Procyanidins separated by normal-phase chromatography according to the degree of polymerization were also examined. Inhibitory effects of procyanidins increased according to the degree of polymerization from dimer to pentamer. On the other hand, pentamer or greater procyanidins showed maximal inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase. These results suggested that with respect to in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition, the degree of polymerization was an important factor and oligomeric procyanidin mainly contributed. Next, we performed a triglyceride tolerance test in mice and humans. Simultaneous ingestion of AP and triglyceride significantly inhibited an increase of plasma triglyceride levels in both models. These results suggested that the oligomeric procyanidins contained in AP inhibited triglyceride absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in mice and humans.

C8/119S is a mutant of recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2), and lacks a disulphide bond possessed by wild-type rDer f 2. In humans and mice, C8/119S has a very weak IgE-binding capacity compared with the wild-type, but possesses a T cell reactivity comparable to that of the wild-type. C8/119S may thus be a safe immunotherapeutic agent for house dust mite allergy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the intranasal administration of C8/119S could suppress an immediate allergic reaction in mice sensitized with wild-type rDer f 2, possessing an allergic activity comparable to native counterparts purified from mite extract. Seven-week-old male A/J mice were immunized with wild-type rDer f 2 four times, and then intranasally administered 0.2-2 microg of wild-type, 0.2-20 microg of C8/119S, or PBS alone, three times a week for 4 weeks. Seven days after the last administration, the mice were examined for an immediate allergic reaction. The animals administered 2 microg of C8/119S (C2.0 group) showed significantly reduced immediate bronchoconstriction provoked by the i.v. injection of 1 and 10 microg of wild-type rDer f 2, compared with the PBS-treated mice. Similar results were obtained when we examined mice 10 weeks after the last administration. The reactions in the other groups given wild-type or C8/119S also tended to decrease in severity in comparison with the animals of the PBS group. The allergic phenotypes of the T cells, B cells, and basophils in the C2.0 group were shifted to that of naive mice without immunization. We conclude that C8/119S has hyposensitizing activities in mice sensitized with wild-type rDer f 2. C8/119S may be useful for immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy.

BACKGROUND: Monkeys are considered to have an immune system very similar to that of humans, as compared with mice, rats, and guinea pigs. Although primate allergic models to several pollen allergens have been developed, no model of house dust mite allergy has been reported. In this study, we attempted to induce type I allergy to mite allergens in rhesus monkeys. METHODS: Six rhesus monkeys were immunized subcutaneously with crude mite extract adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide for 4 months. Then 5 monkeys positive for IgE production to mite extract were further immunized subcutaneously and conjunctivally with recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2). The status of sensitization to mite extract and rDer f 2 in monkeys was examined before and after the immunization. Plasma antigen-specific IgE and IgG levels, cutaneous reaction, and histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes were measured. After conjunctival immunization, immediate conjunctivitis and leukocyte influx into conjunctiva after rDer f 2 challenge were examined. RESULTS: After immunization with crude mite extract, 5 of 6 sensitized monkeys showed IgE response to the mite, and 4 out of 5 rDer f 2-sensitized monkeys exhibited IgE production to rDer f 2. Three monkeys sensitized with rDer f 2 showed immediate conjunctivitis and conjunctival eosinophilia after applying rDer f 2 to their eyes. Sensitized animals also showed IgG response to mite antigens. CONCLUSION: Four rhesus monkeys were positive for IgE production and allergic reactions to both mite extract and rDer f 2. These monkeys could represent a useful model for studying the development and regulation of house dust mite allergy.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionOligomeric Procyanidins in Apple Polyphenol Are Main Active Components for Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase and Tri-glyceride AbsorptionHiroshi Sugiyama, Yoko Akazome, Toshihiko Shoji, , Masaaki Yasue, Tomomasa Kanda, and Yasuyuki OhtakeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 14, 5906Publication Date (Web):June 14, 2007Publication History Published online14 June 2007Published inissue 1 July 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf078004bCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts