Rotem Marom

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

Presented herein is a discussion of the forefront in research and development of advanced electrode materials and electrolyte solutions for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. The main challenge of the field today is in meeting the demands necessary to make the electric vehicle fully commercially viable. This requires high energy and power densities with no compromise in safety. Three families of advanced cathode materials (the limiting factor for energy density in the Li battery systems) are discussed in detail: LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high voltage spinel compounds, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 high capacity composite layered compounds, and LiMPO4, where M = Fe, Mn. Graphite, Si, LixTOy, and MO (conversion reactions) are discussed as anode materials. The electrolyte is a key component that determines the ability to use high voltage cathodes and low voltage anodes in the same system. Electrode–solution interactions and passivation phenomena on both electrodes in Li-ion batteries also play significant roles in determining stability, cycle life and safety features. This presentation is aimed at providing an overall picture of the road map necessary for the future development of advanced high energy density Li-ion batteries for EV applications.

In this work, was revisited and explored as a possible electrolyte in Li-ion batteries. and solutions in alkyl carbonate solvent mixtures were compared in several aspects: electrochemical windows with noble metal and aluminum electrodes, anodic stability, surface chemistry developed on negative electrodes (Li, Li–graphite, Li–Si), the electrochemical behavior of graphite anodes and cathodes, and thermal behavior (solutions alone and mixtures of solutions and electrode materials). The anodic stability and the aluminum passivation are much better in solutions than in solutions. However, HF contamination in the former solutions worsens the passivation of negative electrodes due to reactions with surface and ROLi species. Thermal reactions of produce more specific heat than solutions. However, in terms of onset temperatures for thermal runaway, the two electrolytes are equivalent. In conclusion, is still an electrolyte that may be considered for use in lithium-ion batteries.