Yasin Tipu

Present study has been designed to check the pathological effects of a low pathogenicity H9 avian influenza virus on broilers following experimental infection through intranasal, ocular and oral route at 21 days of age. Moderate clinical signs were observed which started appearing at two days post infection (PI), became severe on five days while started subsiding from seven days onwards. Severity of the signs and lesions was highest in respiratory organs following intranasal route of infection. No mortality was observed except one bird each in the groups infected through intranasal and oral route of infection. Histopathology of the organs in the birds infected through intranasal route revealed severe hyperemic trachea and congested lungs. While moderate congestion of kidneys and mild necrosis in the liver tissue was seen in all treatment groups. Detection of virus antigen through immunohistochemi stry was possible in trachea, lung, and kidney of few birds on two days PI while in all birds at five days PI. In some of the birds inoculated through either of the route, the virus was detected in liver and duodenum tissue at five days PI.

Objective This study was aimed to detect the rate of positive cases in urban setting of Punjab along with MDR and XDR cases using LPA, GeneXpert and hematological profile. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Punjab Aids Control Program. All sample were collected along with the socio-demographics characteristics of patients. Main Outcome Measure: These samples undergo Microscopy, Culture, Gene X pert and LPA to confirmed microbiological status of patients. EDTA collected blood was tested for complete blood counts using hematology analyzer. Results Out of 1335 positive samples confirmed by Culture, Microscopy, GeneXpert and LPA, 4.5% were resistant to rifampin and isoniazid while 3.5% were resistant to second line fluoroquinolones using LPA. 14.7% Neutropenia, 17% anemia and 5.54% thrombocytopenia were observed. ESR was high in all participants. Conclusions: GeneXpert and LPA to be a fundamental diagnosis for the detection of MDR and XDR. LPA outperformed in detection of resistant of TB compared to GeneXpert. It is better than conventional culture in terms of resistance detection. Prevalence of anemia and neutropenia was high in patients with TB and other co-morbidity.