Yuhua Cheng

Flexible and stretchable bioelectronics provides a biocompatible interface between electronics and biological systems and has received tremendous attention for in situ monitoring of various biological systems. Considerable progress in organic electronics has made organic semiconductors, as well as other organic electronic materials, ideal candidates for developing wearable, implantable, and biocompatible electronic circuits due to their potential mechanical compliance and biocompatibility. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as an emerging class of organic electronic building blocks, exhibit significant advantages in biological sensing due to the ionic nature at the basis of the switching behavior, low driving voltage (<1 V), and high transconductance (in millisiemens range). During the past few years, significant progress in constructing flexible/stretchable OECTs (FSOECTs) for both biochemical and bioelectrical sensors has been reported. In this regard, to summarize major research accomplishments in this emerging field, this review first discusses structure and critical features of FSOECTs, including working principles, materials, and architectural engineering. Next, a wide spectrum of relevant physiological sensing applications, where FSOECTs are the key components, are summarized. Last, major challenges and opportunities for further advancing FSOECT physiological sensors are discussed.

Four 20 ns molecular dynamics simulations have been performed with two counterions, K+ or Na+, at two water contents, 15 or 20 H2O per nucleotide. A hexagonal simulation cell comprised of three identical DNA decamers [d(5'-ATGCAGTCAG) x d(5'-TGACTGCATC)] with periodic boundary condition along the DNA helix was used. The simulation setup mimics the DNA state in oriented DNA fibers or in crystals of DNA oligomers. Variation of counterion nature and water content do not alter averaged DNA structure. K+ and Na+ binding to DNA are different. K+ binds to the electronegative sites of DNA bases in the major and the minor grooves, while Na+ interacts preferentially with the phosphate groups. Increase of water causes a shift of both K+ and Na+ from the first hydration shell of O1P/O2P and of the DNA bases in the minor groove with lesser influence for the cation binding to the bases in the major groove. Mobility of both water and cations in the K-DNA systems is faster than in the Na-DNA systems: Na+ organizes and immobilizes water structure around itself and near DNA while for K+ water is less organized and more dynamic.

As a key problem for multisensor attitude determination, Wahba's problem has been studied for almost 50 years. Different from existing methods, this paper presents a novel linear approach to solve this problem. We name the proposed method the fast linear attitude estimator (FLAE) because it is faster than known representative algorithms. The original Wahba's problem is extracted to several 1-D equations based on quaternions. They are then investigated with pseudoinverse matrices establishing a linear solution to n-D equations, which are equivalent to the conventional Wahba's problem. To obtain the attitude quaternion in a robust manner, an eigenvalue-based solution is proposed. Symbolic solutions to the corresponding characteristic polynomial are derived, showing higher computation speed. Simulations are designed and conducted using test cases evaluated by several classical methods, e.g., Shuster's quaternion estimator, Markley's singular value decomposition method, Mortari's second estimator of the optimal quaternion, and some recent representative methods, e.g., Yang's analytical method and Riemannian manifold method. The results show that FLAE generates attitude estimates as accurate as that of several existing methods, but consumes much less computation time (about 50% of the known fastest algorithm). Also, to verify the feasibility in embedded application, an experiment on the accelerometer-magnetometer combination is carried out where the algorithms are compared via C++ programming language. An extreme case is finally studied, revealing a minor improvement that adds robustness to FLAE, inspired by Cheng et al.

Signed digraphs with both positive and negative weighted edges are widely applied to explain cooperative and competitive interactions arising from various social, biological, and physical systems. This article formulates and solves the asynchronous tracking control problem of multiagent systems with input uncertainties on switching signed digraphs. In the interaction setting, we assume that the leader moves at a time-varying acceleration that cannot be measured by the followers accurately, and further suppose that each agent receives its neighbors' states information at certain instants determined by its own clock, which is not necessary to be synchronized with those of other agents. Using dynamically changing spanning subdigraphs of signed digraphs to describe graphically asynchronous interactions, the asynchronous tracking problem is equivalently transformed into a convergence problem of products of general substochastic matrices (PGSSM), in which the matrix elements are not necessarily non-negative and the row sums are less than or equal to 1. With the help of the matrix analysis technique and the composition of binary relations, we propose a new and original method to deal with the convergence problem of PGSSM, and further establish a spanning tree condition for asynchronous tracking control. Finally, the validity of the theoretical findings is verified through several numerical examples.

Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistorySubmitted: 22 January 2019Accepted: 05 August 2021Published online: 06 December 2021Keywordssub-stochastic matrix, super-stochastic matrix, multi-agent systems, bipartite tracking controlAMS Subject Headings93A14, 93C55, 15B51, 05C50Publication DataISSN (print): 0363-0129ISSN (online): 1095-7138Publisher: Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsCODEN: sjcodc