Applying linguistics in English language teacher training for speakers of other languagesJenny Edge|ELT Journal|1988 Knowledge about language and language learning ought to form a bridge between trainee roles as language learner and language teacher. The challenge is to develop language study in such a way that it supports both language learning and decision-making in language teaching, while also making accessible to teachers an expanding field of study into which they can travel just as far as they decide to. This article describes a framework which has been used for the development of such procedures.
Ambulatory blood pressure measurements are related to albumin excretion and are predictive for risk of microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetesClinical outcome of HIV positive patients with moderate to severe burnsEffectiveness of a quality improvement collaborative in reducing time to surgery for patients requiring emergency cholecystectomyBackground: Acute gallstone disease is a high-volume emergency general surgery presentation with wide variations in the quality of care provided across the UK. This controlled cohort evaluation assessed whether participation in a quality improvement collaborative approach reduced time to surgery for patients with acute gallstone disease to fewer than 8 days from presentation, in line with national guidance. Methods: Patients admitted to hospital with acute biliary conditions in England and Wales between 1 April 2014 and 31 December 2017 were identified from Hospital Episode Statistics data. Time series of quarterly activity were produced for the Cholecystectomy Quality Improvement Collaborative (Chole-QuIC) and all other acute National Health Service hospitals (control group). A negative binomial regression model was used to compare the proportion of patients having surgery within 8 days in the baseline and intervention periods. Results: Of 13 sites invited to join Chole-QuIC, 12 participated throughout the collaborative, which ran from October 2016 to January 2018. Of 7944 admissions, 1160 patients had a cholecystectomy within 8 days of admission, a significant improvement (P < 0050) from baseline performance. This represented a relative change of 156 (95 per cent c.i. 138 to 175), compared with 108 for the control group. At the individual site level, eight of the 12 Chole-QuIC sites showed a significant improvement (P < 0050), with four sites increasing their 8-day surgery rate to over 20 per cent of all emergency admissions, well above the mean of 153 per cent for control hospitals. Conclusion: A surgeon-led quality improvement collaborative approach improved care for patients requiring emergency cholecystectomy.
The challenges of managing breast cancer in the developing world – a perspective from sub-Saharan AfricaJenny Edge, Ines Buccimazza, Herbert Cubasch et al.|South African Medical Journal|2014 Communicable diseases are the major cause of mortality in lower-income countries. Consequently, local and international resources are channelled mainly into addressing the impact of these conditions. HIV, however, is being successfully treated, people are living longer,and disease patterns are changing. As populations age, the incidence of cancer inevitably increases. The World Health Organization has predicted a dramatic increase in global cancer cases during the next 15 years, the majority of which will occur in low- and middle-income countries. Cancer treatment is expensive and complex and in the developing world 5% of global cancer funds are spent on 70% of cancer cases. This paper reviews the challenges of managing breast cancer in the developing world, using sub-Saharan Africa as a model.