Cited by 331
One of the striking features of Dirac's theory of the electron was the appearance of solutions to his equations which required the existence of an antiparticle, later identified as the positron.
University of California, Riverside
Publishes on Nuclear Physics and Applications, Nuclear physics research studies, Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies. 212 papers and 3.3k citations.
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One of the striking features of Dirac's theory of the electron was the appearance of solutions to his equations which required the existence of an antiparticle, later identified as the positron.
We have measured total cross sections for protons, dueterons, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles, and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ on hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and carbon targets at 1.55 and 2.89 GeV/c nucleon using the "good geometry" transmission method. In addition, we measured the inelastic cross sections and elastic slope parameters for reactions initiated by deuterons, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles, and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. Our results are in good agreement with Glauber theory predictions, but the factorization relation ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}(\mathrm{AA})=\frac{{[{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}(\mathrm{AB})]}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}(\mathrm{BB})}$ is not a good guide. We find ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}\ensuremath{\simeq}144{({{A}_{T}}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ensuremath{-}{{A}_{p}}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ensuremath{-}1.48)}^{2}$ mb and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{IN}}\ensuremath{\simeq}78{({{A}_{T}}^{\frac{1}{3}}+{{A}_{p}}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ensuremath{-}1.25)}^{2}$ mb, where ${A}_{T}({A}_{p})$ is the atomic mass number of the target (projectile).NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{12}\mathrm{C}, X)$, ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, X$), ($d, X$), ($p, X$), $E=0.87 \mathrm{and} 2.10$ GeV/nucleon; measured total cross section, total inelastic cross section, and slope parameter of elastic scattering.
The polarization in elastic $p\ensuremath{-}p$ and $p\ensuremath{-}n$ scattering at 315 Mev has been measured as a function of the scattering angle. The maximum polarization observed in each of these interactions is approximately 40 percent. A similar measurement of the polarization in $p\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering at 276 Mev is also reported. Triple-scattering experiments have been performed to measure the depolarization $D(\ensuremath{\theta})$ and the rotation $R(\ensuremath{\theta})$ in the proton-proton interaction. These parameters have been measured for center-of-mass scattering angles ranging from 22 to 80 degrees.Expressions for the measured quantities in terms of 14-phase shifts of the proton-proton system for $J<~6$ and $l<~5$ are included. Two of the phase shifts represent mixing between states of the same total angular momentum $J$, spin $S$, and parity. Five sets of phase shifts are reported which satisfy 36 measurements of total cross section, relative differential cross section, polarization, depolarization, rotation, and supplementary conditions imposed by the analysis of information from the reaction $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+d$.
The differential scattering cross section for elastic collisions of 345-Mev protons with protons has been measured in the angular range 11\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (center of mass system). The same cross section has been measured over more limited ranges of angles at lower energies. The cross section (in the center of mass system) at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is remarkably independent of energy. The cross section at 345 Mev is very independent of angle, being close to 3.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/steradian (center of mass system). The agreement with existing phenomenological theories based on static potentials is rather poor, especially in the case of scattering at small angles at 345 Mev.
In this paper we describe experiments with high-energy polarized protons, (\ensuremath{\sim}315 Mev), their production, and their scattering from complex nuclei. We give the essentials of the theory of polarization of particles of spin \textonehalf{} in a form suitable for the interpretation of the experimental results. Included is a detailed description of the experimental techniques, the characteristics of the polarized beam, and a discussion of the errors of measurement. The beam was 76% polarized and the maximum beam current was approximately ${10}^{5}$ protons per second. Results of the scattering experiments on beryllium, carbon, aluminum, calcium, iron, and tantalum are described. Some results of triple-scattering experiments, which further determine the scattering matrix, are also given. The relation of the experimental results to the various theories proposed for explaining the polarization by scattering is discussed. Only qualitative agreement with the theoretical studies made on current models is achieved. Although many of the features predicted by the usual types of potentials are present, no single potential can account for all the observed facts.