Guoqing Qi

This letter proposes a general closed-form formula of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for hybrid time-of-arrival/angle-of-arrival (TOA/AOA) target localization. The necessary and sufficient conditions on the existences of the CRLBs for hybrid TOA/AOA, TOA, and AOA schemes are all presented. For a given localization scenario, the best achievable accuracy of the hybrid TOA/AOA scheme has been theoretically proved to be better than that of any one of the TOA and AOA schemes. With this hybrid scheme, the stringent time synchronization requirement of the localization system can be relaxed and the number of receivers can be reduced compared to the TOA scheme.

With the development of consumer electronics and electric vehicles, high-energy-density lithium batteries have attracted extensive attention. Lithium-ion batteries using graphite anode materials have reached the theoretical specific capacity limit (372 mAh g −1 ), and developing high-capacity anode materials has become a key challenge in battery technology. Here, the latest research progress on insertion-type, alloy-type, conversion-type, and Li metal anodes is comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the structure and electrochemical characteristics of different anode materials are introduced, and the performance advantages and technical bottlenecks of various anode modification methods are thoroughly elucidated. Furthermore, the optimization measures and technical bottlenecks of various anode materials are introduced in detail to promote the rapid development and practical application of lithium batteries. • Reviews advancements in lithium battery anode materials, highlighting key research areas. • Discusses structural and electrochemical traits of anode materials, noting technical challenges. • Details optimization strategies for anode materials, providing insights for practical application. • Emphasizes potential of nanostructured anodes in improving lithium batteries' performance.

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews (SRs) of TCM have become increasingly popular in China and have been published in large numbers. This review provides the first examination of epidemiological characteristics of these SRs as well as compliance with the PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To examine epidemiological and reporting characteristics as well as methodological quality of SRs of TCM published in Chinese journals. METHODS: Four Chinese databases were searched (CBM, CSJD, CJFD and Wanfang Database) for SRs of TCM, from inception through Dec 2009. Data were extracted into Excel spreadsheets. The PRISMA and AMSTAR checklists were used to assess reporting characteristics and methodological quality, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 369 SRs were identified, most (97.6%) of which used the terms systematic review or meta-analysis in the title. None of the reviews had been updated. Half (49.8%) were written by clinicians and nearly half (47.7%) were reported in specialty journals. The impact factors of 45.8% of the journals published in were zero. The most commonly treated conditions were diseases of the circulatory and digestive disease. Funding sources were not reported for any reviews. Most (68.8%) reported information about quality assessment, while less than half (43.6%) reported assessing for publication bias. Statistical mistakes appeared in one-third (29.3%) of reviews and most (91.9%) did not report on conflict of interest. CONCLUSIONS: While many SRs of TCM interventions have been published in Chinese journals, the quality of these reviews is troubling. As a potential key source of information for clinicians and researchers, not only were many of these reviews incomplete, some contained mistakes or were misleading. Focusing on improving the quality of SRs of TCM, rather than continuing to publish them in great quantity, is urgently needed in order to increase the value of these studies.