Lúcio Angnes

Abstract The construction and evaluation of a simple and effective mini‐reference electrode is presented. Major innovations are the use of high density microporous polyethylene for the restricted flow junction between the internal and external electrolyte and a polypropylene disposable pipette tip as the electrode body. Low electrolyte bleeding, reduced size, relatively low electrical resistance and simplified procedure of construction are some of the advantages of the presented design. These characteristics make this electrode particularly suitable for use with small‐volume cells and flow cells, as well as applications where chloride contamination should be avoided. Other applications for the microporous membrane in electroanalysis are introduced.

Considering the demand for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors, MOF-derived materials and their composites have demonstrated relevant advances in electrochemical sensing, as summarized in this review article.

The main strategies to impart synergistic catalytic effects to trimetallic oxide/layered double hydroxide materials are discussed: (a) heteroatom incorporation, (b) the formation of nanocomposites, and (c) hierarchical core@shell nanostructuration.