Jianhua Ju

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor Antibiotics: Bleomycin, Enediynes, and MitomycinUte Galm, Martin H. Hager, Steven G. Van Lanen, Jianhua Ju, Jon S. Thorson, and Ben ShenView Author Information Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 2, 739–758Publication Date (Web):January 21, 2005Publication History Received19 July 2004Published online21 January 2005Published inissue 1 February 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030117ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030117gresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5607Altmetric-Citations471LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antibiotic resistance,Cells,Drug resistance,Genetics,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts

Abstract The relationship between the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon and equatorial sea‐surface‐temperature anomalies has been studied using results from an integration with the UK Universities' Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) General Circulation Model (UGCM). the integration was performed as part of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project and thus used the observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the decade January 1979 to December 1988. the mean evolution of the Asian summer monsoon has been successfully simulated in terms of many aspects of the rapid transition of the large‐scale circulation during the boreal spring and summer. However, the results for individual years showed considerable interannual variability, both in the strength of the monsoon and in the time of onset. A relationship has been identified between the evolution of the monsoon flow and the phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In agreement with observed results, years with warm SST anomalies in the equatorial central and east Pacific Ocean (El Niño) have a weaker monsoon circulation and a delayed onset. an opposite behaviour is noted for those years with cold Pacific SST anomalies (La Niña). Diagnostics from analyses from the National Meteorological Center and the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts, and from data on the outgoing long‐wave radiation observed by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, have been used to verify the model results. A description of the mechanism by which the phase of ENSO remotely influences the dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon has been developed involving changes in the heating patterns over Indonesia and the west Pacific in the preceding spring.

Since the 1970s, the inverse relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and the El Nin o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weakened considerably. The cause for this breakdown is shown to be most likely the strengthening and poleward shift of the jet stream over the North Atlantic. These changes have led to the recent development of a significant correlation between wintertime western European surface air temperatures and the ensuing monsoon rainfall. This western Europe winter signal extended eastward over most of northern Eurasia and remained evident in spring, such that the effect of the resulting meridional temperature contrast was able to disrupt the influence of ENSO on the monsoon.