Farkhonde Salehi

BACKGROUND: The global burden of road injuries is known to follow complex geographical, temporal and demographic patterns. While health loss from road injuries is a major topic of global importance, there has been no recent comprehensive assessment that includes estimates for every age group, sex and country over recent years. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study to report incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years for all locations in the GBD 2017 hierarchy from 1990 to 2017 for road injuries. Second, we measured mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we assessed the distribution of the natures of injury (eg, traumatic brain injury) that result from each road injury. RESULTS: Globally, 1 243 068 (95% uncertainty interval 1 191 889 to 1 276 940) people died from road injuries in 2017 out of 54 192 330 (47 381 583 to 61 645 891) new cases of road injuries. Age-standardised incidence rates of road injuries increased between 1990 and 2017, while mortality rates decreased. Regionally, age-standardised mortality rates decreased in all but two regions, South Asia and Southern Latin America, where rates did not change significantly. Nine of 21 GBD regions experienced significant increases in age-standardised incidence rates, while 10 experienced significant decreases and two experienced no significant change. CONCLUSIONS: While road injury mortality has improved in recent decades, there are worsening rates of incidence and significant geographical heterogeneity. These findings indicate that more research is needed to better understand how road injuries can be prevented.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. one of the important psychological factors in these patients is a death anxiety. So this study aimed to investigate death anxiety rate in patients with cancer in Kermanshah.

Background and Objectives: Breast Cancer is the most common malignancy and is the second leading cause of mortality due to cancer in women. One of the important psychological factors in these patients is death anxiety. Given the role of religious orientation to this psychological factor, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and death anxiety in patients with breast cancer in Kermanshah. Methods: In this cross-sectional study on 48 patients with breast cancer referred to the Oncology Department of Imam Reza (PBUH) Hospital. Templer Death Anxiety Scale and Allport Religious Orientation Scale were used to gather data and the data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in SPSS 22. Results: The highest and lowest scores of religious orientation in these patients were 76 and 48, with mean score 65.31. The highest and lowest death anxiety scores attained by these patients were 14 (8.3%) and 2 (10.4%), and 72.9% of the patients had high levels of death anxiety. Religious orientation and death anxiety were significantly correlated (correlation coefficient: 0.508), and age was significantly correlated with death anxiety but not with religious orientation. Conclusion: Given the findings of the present study, it cannot be definitely argued that religious orientation and death anxiety are correlated in cancer patients. Therefore, this issue should be further investigated.

BackgroundPostpartum depression is a common disorder affecting on maternal-neonatal bonding.  PurposeThis analytical study was performed to identify demographic features influencing on postpartum depression in 2007. Methods246 women having normal vaginal delivery with no history of physical and mental disorders during pregnancy or earlier were selected in a healthcare setting affiliated to Hormozgan Medical University. They were assessed on day 40 after delivery with 2 demographic and Edinburg’s questionnaires in terms of parity, educational level of spouses, neonatal disorders, sex of neonate, occupation of spouse, family planning, and decision for abortion, marital satisfaction, and history of stillborn babies.  ResultsA significant difference was found between the groups in terms of marital relationships, level of education, sex of neonate, decision for abortion and unwanted pregnancy while there was no difference in parity, occupation of spouse and age. ConclusionIt can be concluded that women having unwanted pregnancies with lower educational level, unsatisfactory relationship with their spouses and undesired sex of their babies should receive more help in preventive programs for postpartum depression. Keywords: Postpartum depression, Edinburg’s depression test, Demographic characteristics.