Kasradze Dg

The goal of our research was to find the prognostic significance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the hyperplastic endometrium. Immunohistochemical study of morphological material (endometrial scrap) was conducted in order to reveal the EGFR expression (in 35 patients). The study of consistence of melatonin (universal antiproliferative and anticancerogenic hormone) in patients' blood serum was performed as well (using ELISA method). The numeric data of investigation were processed statistically using the SPSS-12 program and IBM SPSS Statistics, 20. According to received results, the more complicated the type of endometrial hyperplasia is, the stronger EGFR expression is and the more melatonin consistence is reduced in blood plasma. However, sometimes much lower level of melatonin not only in case of complex hyperplasia (with atypia), but also in case of simple hyperplasia (without atypia) was observed. In addition, melatonin consistence is in norm not only in case of simple hyperplasia, but also in case of complex hyperplasia. Also, unimportant reduction of melatonin level is seen in plasma in case of both types of endometrial hyperplasia (without atypia): if, for example, in simple hyperplasia, this slight reduction of melatonin level in plasma is seen in condition of sharp EGFR expression, the same amount reduction of plasmatic melatonin in complex hyperplasia is seen in condition of weak EGFR expression. To sum up: in case of simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, reduction of plasma melatonin level should be a bad prognostic indicator and this condition can be followed by transformation of hyperplasia into atypical form; the normal plasmatic level of melatonin in complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (in condition of weak EGFR expression) should be a good prognostic indicator; unimportant reduction of plasma melatonin level and in addition, EGFR sharp expression in simple hyperplasia, is probably the sign, that hyperplasia can change and become complex; however, the same indicators of plasma melatonin level (on the background of weak EGFR expression) in complex hyperplasia (without atypia) should not indicate the poor prognosis.

In old organisms pancreatic D-cells are not changed in number. During the aging in mentioned cells takes place the intensification of secretory and extrusive functions, which are more prominent in old organisms than in young ones. Peripherally situated D-cells are vascularly ineffective within the pancreatic islet and do not suppress locally B- and A-cells. D-cells' major target tissue may be pancreatic acinar cells. Functionally activated D-cells in old organisms may play the main role in the development of involutive processes in exocrine pancreas and in its atrophy. Stagnation of the secretory granules in pancreatic A- and B-cells in old ages could not be caused by influence of paracrine effect of somatostatin. The given process could be considered as a result of reduction of energopotentials and suppression of signal ways for initiation of insulin and glucagon secretion. Respectively, extrusion impediment of secretory granules resulted in their stagnation could be explained by suppression of exocytosis as an energy- and signal-dependent process. We suppose that cytotopographic and microvascular peculiarities of pancreatic islets in human beings and rodents is a reflection of intensification of insulin apparatus and is directed to loose the B-cells from the local (microvascular or paracrine) influences (effects of D- or A-cells). The mentioned is of high physiological importance (especially in the process of aging) for the organisms of above-presented taxonomic groups due to rich amount of carbohydrates in their food ration. The above-mentioned fact gains the special importance in human beings, where evolutionary "solitary" (represented by single B-cells) insulin apparatus is faced with evolutionary "rooted" strong and diverse contrainsulin apparatus, leading to development of diabetes mellitus (type 2) in late ages.