Xilin Tian

Recent advances in twistronics have revealed tunable optoelectronic properties in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), including angle-dependent dielectric responses and enhanced light absorption due to van Hove singularity (VHS). However, achieving high photoresponsivity in tBLG-based sensors typically requires intense illumination. We present an ultrasensitive optoelectronic biosensor integrating tBLG superlattices with Au nanodisks and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas12a via DNA origami. By aligning the 9.4° tBLG's VHS absorption spectrum with Au nanodisks' plasmonic resonance at 60 μW, we achieve a 7-fold photocurrent enhancement over pristine tBLG. CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage dynamically modulates the local dielectric environment, enabling sub-femtomolar (44.63 attomolar, aM) nucleic acid detection without external amplification. Clinical validation using lung cancer samples shows high concordance with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), demonstrating real-time, label-free detection of microRNA (miRNA). This hybrid platform combines moiré-engineered optoelectronics with programmable bio-nanoarrays, offering a scalable solution for precision diagnostics with ultralow detection limits and rapid response times.

Abstract Mid‐infrared (Mid‐IR) photodetection and imaging are pivotal across diverse applications, including remote sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. Among these, single‐pixel imaging technology is distinguished by its exceptional sensitivity, high resolution attainable through the sampling system, and economic efficiency. The quality of single‐pixel imaging primarily depends on the performance of the photodetector and the sampling system. Photodetectors based on black phosphorus (BP) exhibit low dark current, high specific detectivity ( D * ), and room‐temperature operability. Artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted sampling systems feature efficient and intelligent data reconstruction capabilities. In this work, we demonstrate an AI‐driven black phosphorus (BP)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 )/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterojunction for Mid‐IR photodetection and imaging. By optimizing the thickness of the heterojunction, the quality of the interface, and the AI algorithm, we achieved high‐performance Mid‐IR photodetection and imaging. Specifically, the photodetector has a responsivity of 0.25 A/W at a wavelength of 3,390 nm, an extremely high D * of 3.7 × 10 9 Jones, a response speed as low as 7 ms, and after AI optimization, the image contrast ratio has been improved from 0.227 to 0.890. At the same time, the sampling rate requirement can be reduced to 25 %. Our research indicates that the efficient combination of BP heterojunction photodetectors and AI technology is expected to accelerate the development of Mid‐IR photodetectors and imaging systems.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important noncoding RNA molecules that participate in gene regulation and are widely associated with the occurrence and development of various cancers. Developing rapid, highly sensitive, low-cost, and highly stable miRNA detection methods is of great significance for clinical diagnosis. Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have been proven to have great potential in the field of miRNA detection due to their label-free, rapid, highly sensitive, low-power, and portable features. However, biosensors based on 2D material FETs require the application of an external gate voltage in solution, which seriously hinders the integration, miniaturization, and signal stability of the devices. This study proposes a graphene-molybdenum disulfide heterojunction (G/MoS2) FET biosensing platform to detect miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 without the need for an external gate voltage. The results demonstrate a detection time of approximately 30 min, a linear response range spanning from 10 fM to 10 nM, and limits of detection of 6.06 fM for miRNA-21 and 2.59 fM for miRNA-155. Through comparative experiments, the biosensor shows excellent selectivity and can distinguish target miRNAs from nontarget miRNAs. The G/MoS2 FET biosensor developed in this study provides a technical platform for miRNA detection and has a broad application prospect, especially in the early diagnosis of diseases and the screening of biomarkers.

Due to the low concentration of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in plasma and the high content of interfering factors, the conventional detection method for the quantification of Aβ still faces the problem of insufficient limit of detection (LOD). In this work, we propose a new light-triggered graphene–black phosphorus heterostructure (G-BP) field-effect transistor (FET) biosensing platform that achieves a ​​marked​​ reduction in the LOD. The LOD for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker Aβ 42 detection using the G-BP FET is as low as 235.1 zM (2.351 × 10 −19 M), which is the lowest value reported to date and is approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than other reported biosensing platforms. The G-BP FET platform provides precise, real-time guidance for non-invasive early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and personalized treatment plans for AD. Moreover, this method has good scalability and potential applications in other areas, including early detection of cancer and other major chronic diseases.

Schematic diagram of site-specific DNA cleavage by Mo-terminated edges in MoS 2 . • The site-specific DNA cleavage by MoS 2 defect was firstly achieved. • DNA cleavage by MoS 2 perform better activity stability and thermal denaturation. • There is favorable absorption and charge transfer between thymine and MoS 2 . The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H + ) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS 2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS 2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering.