Gui‐Feng Yu

Electrospinning is a straightforward and versatile method to fabricate ultrafine fibers with unique physical and chemical properties. However, the chaotic nature of traditional electrospinning limits its applications in devices which usually need arranged or patterned micro/nanoscale fibrous structures. In order to improve the controllable deposition of electrospun fibers, near-field electrospinning (NFES) has been proposed and developed in recent years. With characteristics of position-controlled deposition, NFES significantly expands the range of fiber-fabrication uses including electronic components, energy harvesting, flexible sensors, and tissue engineering. In this paper, the basic principle and research advances of NFES have been briefly reviewed. In particular, we summarize the process parameters, polymer materials, as-spun fibrous structures, modified apparatus, and potential applications of NFES. Finally, future prospects on the development tendency and challenges of NFES are discussed.

Electrospinning (e‐spinning) has been extensively explored as a simple, versatile, and cost‐effective method in preparing ultrathin fibers from a wide variety of materials. Electrospun (e‐spun) ultrathin fibers are now widely used in tissue scaffold, wound dressing, energy harvesting and storage, environment engineering, catalyst, and textile. However, compared with conventional fiber industry, one major challenge associated with e‐spinning technology is its production rate. Over the last decade, compared with conventional needle e‐spinning, needleless e‐spinning has emerged as the most efficient strategy for large‐scale production of ultrathin fibers. For example, rolling cylinder and stationary wire as spinnerets have been commercialized successfully for significantly improving throughput of e‐spun fibers. The significant advancements in needleless e‐spinning approaches, including spinneret structures, productivity, and fiber quality are reviewed. In addition, some striking examples of innovative device designs toward higher throughput, as well as available industrial‐scale equipment and commercial applications in the market are highlighted. image

A facile fabrication strategy via electrospinning and followed by in situ polymerization to fabricate a patterned, highly stretchable, and conductive polyaniline/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PANI/PVDF) nanofibrous membrane is reported. Owing to the patterned structure, the nanofibrous PANI/PVDF strain sensor can detect a strain up to 110%, for comparison, which is 2.6 times higher than the common nonwoven PANI/PVDF mat and much larger than the previously reported values (usually less than 15%). Meanwhile, the conductivity of the patterned strain sensor shows a linear response to the applied strain in a wide range from 0% to about 85%. Additionally, the patterned PANI/PVDF strain sensor can completely recover to its original electrical and mechanical values within a strain range of more than 22%, and exhibits good durability over 10,000 folding-unfolding tests. Furthermore, the strain sensor also can be used to detect finger motion. The results demonstrate promising application of the patterned nanofibrous membrane in flexible electronic fields.

In this article, the Fe3+-sensitive carbon dots were obtained by means of a microwave-assisted method using glutamic acid and ethylenediamine as reactants. The carbon dots exhibited selective response to Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution with a turn-off mode, and a good linear relationship was found between (F0–F)/F0 and the concentration of Fe3+ in the range of 8–80 μM. As a result, the as-synthesized carbon dots can be developed as a fluorescent chemosensor for Fe3+ in aqueous solution. Moreover, the carbon dots can be applied as a fluorescent agent for fungal bioimaging since the fungal cells stained by the carbon dots were brightly illuminated on a confocal microscopy excited at 405 nm. Furthermore, an increase in the concentration of intracellular Fe3+ could result in fluorescence quenching of the carbon dots in the fungal cells when incubated in the Tris-HCl buffer solution containing Fe3+. However, due to EDTA might hinder Fe(III) to enter the fungal cells, incubation in Fe(III)-EDTA complex solution exerted negligible effect on the fluorescence of fungal cells labeled by the carbon dots. Therefore, the carbon dots can serve as a potential probe for intracellular imaging of Fe3+ inside fungal cells.