Sarita Karole

Formulations restrain 2 or more than 2 herbs are called polyherbal formulation. Drug formulation in Ayurveda is based on 2 principles: Use as a single drug and use of more than one drug. The last is known as polyherbal formulation. The idea of polyherbalism is peculiar to Ayurveda even though it is tricky to explain in term of modern parameters. The Ayurvedic literature Sarangdhar Samhita tinted the idea of polyherbalism to attain greater therapeutic efficacy. Polyherbal formulation has been used all around the earth due to its medicinal and therapeutic application. It has also recognized as polyherbal therapy or herb-herb combination. The active phytochemical constituents of individual plants are inadequate to attain the desirable therapeutic effects. When polyherbal and herbo-mineral formulations combining the multiple herbs in a meticulous ratio, it will give an enhanced therapeutic effect and decrease the toxicity. The active constituents used from individual plant are inadequate to provide attractive pharmacological action. There are evidences that crude plant extracts often have greater potency rather than isolated constituents. In traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. Due to synergism, polyherbalism confers some benefits which are not accessible in single herbal formulations. Polyherbal formulations express high effectiveness in numerous diseases with safe high dose. Based on the nature of the interaction, there are 2 mechanisms on how synergism acts (i.e., pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic). In words of pharmacokinetic synergism, the capacity of herb to ease the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the other herbs is focused. Pharmacodynamics synergism on the other hand, studies the synergistic effect when active constituents with similar therapeutic activity are targeted by diverse mechanism of action. The present review encompasses all the significant features of polyherbal formulation. Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, Ayurveda, Active constituents, Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic

Objective: The objective of our research is to prepare silver nanoparticles from the rhizome extract of Curcuma caesia and develop topical herbal gel formulation for the effective treatment of acne. Methods: In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia rhizome. Silver nanoparticles loaded gels were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release, estimation of total flavonoids and alkaloid content and antibacterial (propioni bacterium acne) studies. Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 220.5 nm. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.58±0.02 and 7.02±0.01 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propioni bacterium acne. Synthesized silver nanoparticle loaded gel displayed drug release of optimized formulation F3 follows the Higuchi kinetic model, and the mechanism is found to be non Fickian/anomalous according to Korsmeyer–Peppas. Silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. Conclusion: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma caesia is a new, green method and not reported yet, as per literature survey done for this project. Successful synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles was proved by the in-vitro study. Keywords: Curcuma caesia, Silver nanoparticles, Propioni bacterium acne, Acne, Flavonoids content, Alkaloid content, Antibacterial.

Bombax ceiba L is a big deciduous tree found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. Conventional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani have been highlighted the use of B. ceiba parts (bark, leaves and flower) for the treatment of manydiseases like hypertension, HIV infections, inflammation, catarrhal affection, ulcer, acne, gynecological disorders, fever, dysentery, algesia, hepatotoxicity, piles and urinary infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaf and bark of B. ceiba collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. The pharmacognostic studies out in terms of various investigations like organoleptic or morphological characters, microscopic or anatomical studies, physicochemical evaluations (loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The detail microscopy of bark revealed the presence of cork cell, lignified fibre, calcium oxalate crystals, xylem vessels. Physiochemical parameters such as percentage of foreign matters, ash values, loss on drying swelling index, extractive values were determined. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides. In the procedure of quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic compound was carried out by aluminium chloride Folins and Ciocalteau reagent method .In this methodthe totalflavonoids content and phenolic content of B. ceiba ethanolic and aqueous barks extracts was found to be 6.272, 3.363 and 2.607, 1.607mg /100mg respectively and total phenolic and flavonoids content of B. ceiba ethanolic, aqueous leaves extracts was found to be 7.381, 4.590 and 3.200, 1.792 mg/100mg respectively. These information will also be helpful to differentiate B. ceiba from the closely related other species. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.

Various parts of plants such as leaf, stem, roots and barks were used as medicines in auyrveda, siddha, unani and homeopathic treatments. As only few studies are done on such plant, the purpose of this current review is to make accessible till date information on, botany, morphology, ecological biodiversity, therapeutic uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities on diverse parts of Ougeinia oojeinensis. This review was assembled using technical literature from electronic search engine such as Springerlink, BioMed Central, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Medline and Science domain. Supplementary texts were obtained from books, book chapters, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. O. oojeinensis commonly known as Tinsa, is rich in secondary metabolites, which impart incredible medicinal uses to the plant. The active constituents extracted from O. oojeinensis are genistein, ougenin, dalbergioidin, kaempferol, lupeol, Ferreirin, neophellamuretin, orobol, wedelolactone, homoferririn isoflavanone and betulin etc. The uses of bark are astringent, acrid, cooling, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, constipating, anthelmintic, sudorific, depurative, urinary astringent, styptic, febrifuge and rejuvenating. The extract of the whole plant showed anti-inflammatory, hypotensive action, antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic and wound healing activities. There is a need to isolate the active constituents, their biological test, experimental defense, molecular mechanisms and legalization of there therapeutic uses of O. oojeinensis. The gathered detail will be obliging to determine the study protocol for current drugs and Ayurvedic formulation extension in the remedial and luxury a variety of ailments. Clinical trials for the reported preclinical studies should be executed immediately to further validate the claims on humans.

Hepatic diseases are flattering ordinary day by day and pose grave health threats to the life of humans. In sort to treat these diseases, the awareness of man is diverting towards herbal drugs, which are much safer and cost effectual than synthetic drugs. The aspire of this work was to explore antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of () bark for treatment of liver damage induced by CCland paracetamol (PCM) in rats. In vitro antioxidant activities aqueous and ethanolic extracts were also checked using 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), ABTS scavenging method. at chosen oral doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg levels of serum marker enzymes such as ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was reduced which indicate major hepatoprotective effects, when contrasted with silymarin and negative control. All the parameters wereobserved at oral dose of 500 mg/kg with extreme effects. The significant anti-oxidant activity was also demonstrated by the extracts. The preliminary screening of phytochemical indicates the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and phytosterols. It is conceivable that extract of has activity of hepatoprotective against CCland paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, due to the scavenging of free radical mechanisms demonstrated by phenolics and flavonoids, thus asserting its medicinal therapeutic role in liver diseases.